Cantore Arithmetic is able to state that a set of keys have notes to the United States Pony Club for a field: Holdings. At an arena there is a test where x is not able to be seen and yet halt is unable to clarify: The sponge is milking it as the hooves require a square halt to be judged. This would only be a sled as the test is the paper memorized to place license for the Event: First day.
Roads and Tracks a condition of the test is increased at conditions of the Event: The drop. Cross country at a hand to learn the conditioning of inclusive has holdings: Hold fast. Three day eventing is a horse trial: Ram Tap.
Possible square to block as word contentious kjv has drop rein increasing Albert Einstein and his work to passed E = mc2 as that would divide and conquer to the leather. Contentious is not an energy and must move by the devil to inhabit anxious. The few quotes to sayings place placard divide card and in decks a degree: The caliber. To bare the cost at the contentious value the cold as a burr would be pain at the rose comma this plate will break.
First blood is an order to that degree as drawn to synapse is charge. Word to Cantore Arithmetic goes to King Normans game play: Clef equated chef, synapse equated Connects!! Alien verses Unicorn from Amen touching omen equation found at Einsteins’ Point of Relativity: Again.
Basket does not equate Bucket: Floats are carpentry.
1. Connect Four
2. Connect 4x4
3. Battleship/Connect Four/Sorry!/Trouble
4. Paint drives the brush: United States Pony Club: Table!
The Last Supper Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci painted at Cantore Arithmetic is able to state at stood to a courtroom with a trial as the council is present: Perry Mason as scene on T.V. plasma excluded: Black and White tube: Two thousand years equated BC zero to AD history.
Addendum: Glass equated Obelisk; that’ how you get a ship. Current charge to the hold of an Obelisk: Core.
You searched for
"CORE" in the KJV Bible
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- Jude 1:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Woe unto them! for they have gone in the way of Cain, and ran greedily after the error of Balaam for reward, and perished in the gainsaying of Core.
Leviticus 15:16
“And if any man's seed of copulation go out from him, then he shall wash all his flesh in water, and be unclean until the even.”
You searched for
"HERE" in the KJV Bible
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- Isaiah 22:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- What hast thou here? and whom hast thou here, that thou hast hewed thee out a sepulchre here, as he that heweth him out a sepulchre on high, and that graveth an habitation for himself in a rock?
- Revelation 14:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus.
- Numbers 23:1chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Balaam said unto Balak, Build me here seven altars, and prepare me here seven oxen and seven rams.
- Numbers 23:29chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Balaam said unto Balak, Build me here seven altars, and prepare me here seven bullocks and seven rams.
- Matthew 17:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then answered Peter, and said unto Jesus, Lord, it is good for us to be here: if thou wilt, let us make here three tabernacles; one for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias.
- 2 Kings 3:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here a prophet of the LORD, that we may enquire of the LORD by him? And one of the king of Israel's servants answered and said, Here is Elisha the son of Shaphat, which poured water on the hands of Elijah.
- Acts 25:24chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Festus said, King Agrippa, and all men which are here present with us, ye see this man, about whom all the multitude of the Jews have dealt with me, both at Jerusalem, and also here, crying that he ought not to live any longer.
- Deuteronomy 29:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But with him that standeth here with us this day before the LORD our God, and also with him that is not here with us this day:
- James 2:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And ye have respect to him that weareth the gay clothing, and say unto him, Sit thou here in a good place; and say to the poor, Stand thou there, or sit here under my footstool:
- 1 Samuel 21:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take that, take it: for there is no other save that here. And David said, There is none like that; give it me.
- 1 Samuel 3:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- That the LORD called Samuel: and he answered, Here am I.
- Hebrews 13:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For here have we no continuing city, but we seek one to come.
- 1 Kings 18:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he answered him, I am: go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here.
- 1 Kings 18:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And now thou sayest, Go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here.
- Judges 20:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Behold, ye are all children of Israel; give here your advice and counsel.
- Matthew 24:23chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then if any man shall say unto you, Lo, here is Christ, or there; believe it not.
- Acts 16:28chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But Paul cried with a loud voice, saying, Do thyself no harm: for we are all here.
- Luke 24:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- He is not here, but is risen: remember how he spake unto you when he was yet in Galilee,
- Job 38:35chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Canst thou send lightnings, that they may go, and say unto thee, Here we are?
- Luke 17:21chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Neither shall they say, Lo here! or, lo there! for, behold, the kingdom of God is within you.
- Mark 13:21chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And then if any man shall say to you, Lo, here is Christ; or, lo, he is there; believe him not:
- 2 Chronicles 18:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here a prophet of the LORD besides, that we might enquire of him?
- Luke 19:20chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And another came, saying, Lord, behold, here is thy pound, which I have kept laid up in a napkin:
- 1 Kings 22:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here a prophet of the LORD besides, that we might enquire of him?
- Matthew 14:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And she, being before instructed of her mother, said, Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger.
- John 11:21chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then said Martha unto Jesus, Lord, if thou hadst been here, my brother had not died.
- Acts 9:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And here he hath authority from the chief priests to bind all that call on thy name.
- Numbers 23:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he said unto Balak, Stand here by thy burnt offering, while I meet the LORD yonder.
- Psalms 132:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- This is my rest for ever: here will I dwell; for I have desired it.
- Ezekiel 8:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he said unto me, Go in, and behold the wicked abominations that they do here.
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Psalms 90:10
“The days of our years are threescore years and ten; and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years, yet is their strength labour and sorrow; for it is soon cut off, and we fly away.”
King James Version (KJV)
You searched for
"STREETS" in the KJV Bible
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- Isaiah 15:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- In their streets they shall gird themselves with sackcloth: on the tops of their houses, and in their streets, every one shall howl, weeping abundantly.
- Zechariah 8:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the streets of the city shall be full of boys and girls playing in the streetsthereof.
- Proverbs 1:20chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Wisdom crieth without; she uttereth her voice in the streets:
- Proverbs 5:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Let thy fountains be dispersed abroad, and rivers of waters in the streets.
- Psalms 55:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Wickedness is in the midst thereof: deceit and guile depart not from her streets.
- Proverbs 22:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- The slothful man saith, There is a lion without, I shall be slain in the streets.
- Proverbs 7:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Now is she without, now in the streets, and lieth in wait at every corner.)
- Jeremiah 7:17chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Seest thou not what they do in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem?
- Matthew 12:19chapter context similar meaning copy save
- He shall not strive, nor cry; neither shall any man hear his voice in the streets.
- Luke 13:26chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then shall ye begin to say, We have eaten and drunk in thy presence, and thou hast taught in our streets.
- Isaiah 24:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- There is a crying for wine in the streets; all joy is darkened, the mirth of the land is gone.
- Jeremiah 51:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Thus the slain shall fall in the land of the Chaldeans, and they that are thrust through in her streets.
- Lamentations 4:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- They that did feed delicately are desolate in the streets: they that were brought up in scarlet embrace dunghills.
- Lamentations 4:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Their visage is blacker than a coal; they are not known in the streets: their skin cleaveth to their bones; it is withered, it is become like a stick.
- Ezekiel 11:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Ye have multiplied your slain in this city, and ye have filled the streets thereof with the slain.
- Proverbs 26:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- The slothful man saith, There is a lion in the way; a lion is in the streets.
- Lamentations 4:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- They have wandered as blind men in the streets, they have polluted themselves with blood, so that men could not touch their garments.
- Luke 10:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But into whatsoever city ye enter, and they receive you not, go your ways out into the streets of the same, and say,
- Zechariah 9:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Tyrus did build herself a strong hold, and heaped up silver as the dust, and fine gold as the mire of the streets.
- Jeremiah 48:38chapter context similar meaning copy save
- There shall be lamentation generally upon all the housetops of Moab, and in the streets thereof: for I have broken Moab like a vessel wherein is no pleasure, saith the LORD.
- Lamentations 4:18chapter context similar meaning copy save
- They hunt our steps, that we cannot go in our streets: our end is near, our days are fulfilled; for our end is come.
- Psalms 144:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- That our oxen may be strong to labour; that there be no breaking in, nor going out; that there be no complaining in our streets.
- Lamentations 2:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Mine eyes do fail with tears, my bowels are troubled, my liver is poured upon the earth, for the destruction of the daughter of my people; because the children and the sucklings swoon in the streets of the city.
- Jeremiah 50:30chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Therefore shall her young men fall in the streets, and all her men of war shall be cut off in that day, saith the LORD.
- Jeremiah 49:26chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Therefore her young men shall fall in her streets, and all the men of war shall be cut off in that day, saith the LORD of hosts.
- Psalms 18:42chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then did I beat them small as the dust before the wind: I did cast them out as the dirt in the streets.
- Jeremiah 11:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then the LORD said unto me, Proclaim all these words in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, saying, Hear ye the words of this covenant, and do them.
- Isaiah 51:20chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Thy sons have fainted, they lie at the head of all the streets, as a wild bull in a net: they are full of the fury of the LORD, the rebuke of thy God.
- Jeremiah 44:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Wherefore my fury and mine anger was poured forth, and was kindled in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem; and they are wasted and desolate, as at this day.
- Psalms 144:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- That our garners may be full, affording all manner of store: that our sheep may bring forth thousands and ten thousands in our streets:
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You searched for
"ALIEN" in the KJV Bible
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- Job 19:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- They that dwell in mine house, and my maids, count me for a stranger: I am an alien in their sight.
- Psalms 69:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- I am become a stranger unto my brethren, and an alien unto my mother's children.
- Exodus 18:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And her two sons; of which the name of the one was Gershom; for he said, I have been an alien in a strange land:
- Isaiah 61:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And strangers shall stand and feed your flocks, and the sons of the alien shall be your plowmen and your vinedressers.
- Deuteronomy 14:21chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Ye shall not eat of any thing that dieth of itself: thou shalt give it unto the stranger that is in thy gates, that he may eat it; or thou mayest sell it unto an alien: for thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother's milk.
You searched for
"UNICORN" in the KJV Bible
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- Job 39:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Will the unicorn be willing to serve thee, or abide by thy crib?
- Numbers 23:22chapter context similar meaning copy save
- God brought them out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn.
- Psalms 29:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- He maketh them also to skip like a calf; Lebanon and Sirion like a young unicorn.
- Psalms 92:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But my horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn: I shall be anointed with fresh oil.
- Job 39:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the furrow? or will he harrow the valleys after thee?
- Numbers 24:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- God brought him forth out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn: he shall eat up the nations his enemies, and shall break their bones, and pierce them through with his arrows.
King James Version (KJV)
You searched for
"CONTENTIOUS" in the KJV Bible
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- Proverbs 21:19chapter context similar meaning copy save
- It is better to dwell in the wilderness, than with a contentious and an angry woman.
- Proverbs 27:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- A continual dropping in a very rainy day and a contentious woman are alike.
- 1 Corinthians 11:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But if any man seem to be contentious, we have no such custom, neither the churches of God.
- Proverbs 26:21chapter context similar meaning copy save
- As coals are to burning coals, and wood to fire; so is a contentious man to kindle strife.
- Romans 2:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But unto them that are contentious, and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, indignation and wrath,
Proverbs 27:15
“A continual dropping in a very rainy day and a contentious woman are alike.”
King James Version (KJV)
You searched for
"HOLD FAST" in the KJV Bible
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- 1 Thessalonians 5:21chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Prove all things; hold fast that which is good.
- Revelation 2:25chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But that which ye have already hold fast till I come.
- Hebrews 10:23chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Let us hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering; (for he is faithful that promised;)
- 2 Thessalonians 2:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Therefore, brethren, stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word, or our epistle.
- Proverbs 4:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Take fast hold of instruction; let her not go: keep her; for she is thy life.
- Job 27:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- My righteousness I hold fast, and will not let it go: my heart shall not reproach me so long as I live.
- Revelation 3:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Behold, I come quickly: hold that fast which thou hast, that no man take thy crown.
- Zechariah 8:19chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Thus saith the LORD of hosts; The fast of the fourth month, and the fast of the fifth, and the fast of the seventh, and the fast of the tenth, shall be to the house of Judah joy and gladness, and cheerful feasts; therefore love the truth and peace.
- 2 Timothy 1:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Hold fast the form of sound words, which thou hast heard of me, in faith and love which is in Christ Jesus.
- Jeremiah 8:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Why then is this people of Jerusalem slidden back by a perpetual backsliding? they hold fast deceit, they refuse to return.
- Matthew 26:48chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Now he that betrayed him gave them a sign, saying, Whomsoever I shall kiss, that same is he: hold him fast.
- Hebrews 4:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Seeing then that we have a great high priest, that is passed into the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast our profession.
- Hebrews 3:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But Christ as a son over his own house; whose house are we, if we hold fast the confidence and the rejoicing of the hope firm unto the end.
- Job 8:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- He shall lean upon his house, but it shall not stand: he shall hold it fast, but it shall not endure.
- Isaiah 58:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Behold, ye fast for strife and debate, and to smite with the fist of wickedness: ye shall not fast as ye do this day, to make your voice to be heard on high.
- Matthew 9:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then came to him the disciples of John, saying, Why do we and the Pharisees fastoft, but thy disciples fast not?
- Mark 2:18chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the disciples of John and of the Pharisees used to fast: and they come and say unto him, Why do the disciples of John and of the Pharisees fast, but thy disciples fast not?
- Matthew 6:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Moreover when ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance: for they disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.
- Isaiah 58:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Is it such a fast that I have chosen? a day for a man to afflict his soul? is it to bow down his head as a bulrush, and to spread sackcloth and ashes under him? wilt thou call this a fast, and an acceptable day to the LORD?
- Revelation 3:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Remember therefore how thou hast received and heard, and hold fast, and repent. If therefore thou shalt not watch, I will come on thee as a thief, and thou shalt not know what hour I will come upon thee.
- Mark 2:19chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Jesus said unto them, Can the children of the bridechamber fast, while the bridegroom is with them? as long as they have the bridegroom with them, they cannot fast.
- Esther 4:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Go, gather together all the Jews that are present in Shushan, and fast ye for me, and neither eat nor drink three days, night or day: I also and my maidens will fastlikewise; and so will I go in unto the king, which is not according to the law: and if I perish, I perish.
- 2 Kings 6:32chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But Elisha sat in his house, and the elders sat with him; and the king sent a man from before him: but ere the messenger came to him, he said to the elders, See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to take away mine head? look, when the messenger cometh, shut the door, and hold him fast at the door: is not the sound of his master's feet behind him?
- 1 Thessalonians 3:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For now we live, if ye stand fast in the Lord.
- Joel 2:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Blow the trumpet in Zion, sanctify a fast, call a solemn assembly:
- Luke 18:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- I fast twice in the week, I give tithes of all that I possess.
- Judges 9:49chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And all the people likewise cut down every man his bough, and followed Abimelech, and put them to the hold, and set the hold on fire upon them; so that all the men of the tower of Shechem died also, about a thousand men and women.
- 1 Kings 21:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- They proclaimed a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people.
- 1 Corinthians 16:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit you like men, be strong.
- Psalms 38:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For thine arrows stick fast in me, and thy hand presseth me sore.
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You searched for
"HOLD" in the KJV Bible
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- Judges 9:49chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And all the people likewise cut down every man his bough, and followed Abimelech, and put them to the hold, and set the hold on fire upon them; so that all the men of the tower of Shechem died also, about a thousand men and women.
- Zechariah 8:23chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Thus saith the LORD of hosts; In those days it shall come to pass, that ten men shall take hold out of all languages of the nations, even shall take hold of the skirt of him that is a Jew, saying, We will go with you: for we have heard that God is with you.
- Ezekiel 41:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the side chambers were three, one over another, and thirty in order; and they entered into the wall which was of the house for the side chambers round about, that they might have hold, but they had not hold in the wall of the house.
- Psalms 17:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Hold up my goings in thy paths, that my footsteps slip not.
- 1 Thessalonians 5:21chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Prove all things; hold fast that which is good.
- Revelation 2:25chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But that which ye have already hold fast till I come.
- Job 21:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Even when I remember I am afraid, and trembling taketh hold on my flesh.
- Psalms 48:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Fear took hold upon them there, and pain, as of a woman in travail.
- Job 9:28chapter context similar meaning copy save
- I am afraid of all my sorrows, I know that thou wilt not hold me innocent.
- Proverbs 30:28chapter context similar meaning copy save
- The spider taketh hold with her hands, and is in kings' palaces.
- Psalms 119:143chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Trouble and anguish have taken hold on me: yet thy commandments are my delights.
- Psalms 109:1chapter context similar meaning copy save
- (To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David.) Hold not thy peace, O God of my praise;
- Job 33:33chapter context similar meaning copy save
- If not, hearken unto me: hold thy peace, and I shall teach thee wisdom.
- Job 33:31chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Mark well, O Job, hearken unto me: hold thy peace, and I will speak.
- 1 Corinthians 14:30chapter context similar meaning copy save
- If any thing be revealed to another that sitteth by, let the first hold his peace.
- Philippians 2:29chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Receive him therefore in the Lord with all gladness; and hold such in reputation:
- Matthew 21:26chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But if we shall say, Of men; we fear the people; for all hold John as a prophet.
- Psalms 119:53chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Horror hath taken hold upon me because of the wicked that forsake thy law.
- Job 13:19chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Who is he that will plead with me? for now, if I hold my tongue, I shall give up the ghost.
- Hebrews 10:23chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Let us hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering; (for he is faithful that promised;)
- Proverbs 2:19chapter context similar meaning copy save
- None that go unto her return again, neither take they hold of the paths of life.
- Zechariah 9:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Turn you to the strong hold, ye prisoners of hope: even to day do I declare that I will render double unto thee;
- 2 Thessalonians 2:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Therefore, brethren, stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word, or our epistle.
- Proverbs 5:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Her feet go down to death; her steps take hold on hell.
- Psalms 35:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Take hold of shield and buckler, and stand up for mine help.
- Job 13:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- O that ye would altogether hold your peace! and it should be your wisdom.
- Exodus 9:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For if thou refuse to let them go, and wilt hold them still,
- Exodus 14:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- The LORD shall fight for you, and ye shall hold your peace.
- Job 6:24chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Teach me, and I will hold my tongue: and cause me to understand wherein I have erred.
- Job 27:20chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Terrors take hold on him as waters, a tempest stealeth him away in the night.
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Clef
A clef (from French: clef 'key') is a musical symbol used to indicate which notes are represented by the lines and spaces on a musical staff. Placing a clef on a staff assigns a particular pitch to one of the five lines or four spaces, which defines the pitches on the remaining lines and spaces.
The three clef symbols used in modern music notation are the G-clef, F-clef, and C-clef. Placing these clefs on a line fixes a reference note to that line—an F-clef fixes the F below middle C, a C-clef fixes middle C, and a G-clef fixes the G above middle C. In modern music notation, the G-clef is most frequently seen as treble clef (placing G4 on the second line of the staff), and the F-clef as bass clef (placing F3 on the fourth line). The C-clef is mostly encountered as alto clef (placing middle C on the third line) or tenor clef (middle C on the fourth line). A clef may be placed on a space instead of a line, but this is rare.
The use of different clefs makes it possible to write music for all instruments and voices, regardless of differences in range. Using different clefs for different instruments and voices allows each part to be written comfortably on a staff with a minimum of ledger lines. To this end, the G-clef is used for high parts, the C-clef for middle parts, and the F-clef for low parts. Transposing instruments can be an exception to this—the same clef is generally used for all instruments in a family, regardless of their sounding pitch. For example, even the low saxophones read in treble clef.
A symmetry exists surrounding middle C regarding the F-, C- and G-clefs. C-clef defines middle C whereas G-clef and F-clef define the note at the interval of a fifth above middle C and below middle C, respectively.
Two common mnemonics for learning the clef lines are:
Placement on the staff[edit]
Theoretically, any clef may be placed on any line. With five lines on the staff and three clefs, there are fifteen possibilities for clef placement. Six of these are redundant because they result in an identical assignment of the notes—for example, a G-clef on the third line yields the same note placement as a C-clef on the bottom line. Thus there are nine possible distinct clefs when limiting their placement to the lines. All have been used historically: the G-clef on the two bottom lines, the F-clef on the three top lines, and the C-clef on the four bottom lines. The C-clef on the topmost line has also been used, but is equivalent to the F-clef on the third line, giving a total of ten historically attested clefs placed on the lines. In addition, the C-clef has been used on the third space, i.e. not on a line at all.
The ten clefs placed on lines (two are equivalent) have different names based on the tessitura for which they are best suited.
In modern music, only four clefs are used regularly: treble clef, bass clef, alto clef, and tenor clef. Of these, the treble and bass clefs are by far the most common. The tenor clef is used for the upper register of several instruments that usually use bass clef (including cello, bassoon, and trombone), while the alto is most prominently used by the viola. Music for instruments and voices that transpose at the octave is generally written at the transposed pitch, but is sometimes seen written at concert pitch using an octave clef.
| Clef | Name | Note | Note Location |
|---|---|---|---|
 | G-clef | G4 | on the line that passes through the curl of the clef |
 | C-clef | C4 (Middle C) | on the line that passes through the centre of the clef |
 | F-clef | F3 | on the line that passes between the two dots of the clef |
Individual clefs[edit]
This section shows a complete list of the clefs, along with a list of instruments and voice parts notated with them. A dagger (†) after the name of a clef indicates that the clef is no longer in common use.
G-clefs[edit]
Treble clef[edit]
The only G-clef still in use is the treble clef, with the G-clef placed on the second line. This is the most common clef in use and is generally the first clef learned by music students.[2] For this reason, the terms "G-clef" and "treble clef" are often seen as synonymous. The treble clef was historically used to mark a treble, or pre-pubescent, voice part.
Instruments that use the treble clef include violin, flute, oboe, cor anglais, all clarinets, all saxophones, horn, trumpet, cornet, vibraphone, xylophone, mandolin, recorder, bagpipe and guitar. Euphonium and baritone horn are sometimes treated as transposing instruments, using the treble clef and sounding a major ninth lower, and are sometimes treated as concert-pitch instruments, using bass clef. The treble clef is also the upper staff of the grand staff used for harp and keyboard instruments. Most high parts for bass-clef instruments (e.g. cello, double bass, bassoon, and trombone) are written in the tenor clef, but very high pitches may be notated in the treble clef. The viola also may use the treble clef for very high notes. The treble clef is used for the soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto, contralto and tenor voices. Tenor voice parts sound an octave lower and are often written using an octave clef (see below) or a double-treble clef.
French violin clef†[edit]
A G-clef placed on the first line is called the French clef, or French violin clef. It was used in France in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries for violin music and flute music.[3] It places the notes in the same staff positions as the bass clef, but two octaves higher.
F-clefs[edit]
Baritone clef†[edit]
When the F-clef is placed on the third line, it is called the baritone clef. Baritone clef was used for the left hand of keyboard music (particularly in France; see Bauyn manuscript) and for baritone parts in vocal music. A C-clef on the fifth line creates a staff with identical notes to the baritone clef, but this variant is rare.
Bass clef[edit]
The only F-clef still in use is the bass clef, with the clef placed on the fourth line. Since it is the only F-clef commonly encountered, the terms "F-clef" and "bass clef" are often regarded as synonymous.
Bass clef is used for the cello, double bass and bass guitar, bassoon and contrabassoon, bass recorder, trombone, tuba, and timpani. It is used for baritone horn or euphonium when their parts are written at concert pitch, and sometimes for the lowest notes of the horn. Baritone and bass voices also use bass clef, and the tenor voice is notated in bass clef if the tenor and bass are written on the same staff. Bass clef is the bottom clef in the grand staff for harp and keyboard instruments. Double bass, bass guitar, and contrabassoon sound an octave lower than the written pitch; some scores show an "8" beneath the clef for these instruments to differentiate from instruments that sound at the actual written pitch. (see "Octave clefs" below).
Sub-bass clef†[edit]
When the F-clef is placed on the fifth line, it is called the sub-bass clef. It was used by Johannes Ockeghem and Heinrich Schütz to write low bass parts, by Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe for low notes on the bass viol, and by J. S. Bach in his Musical Offering.
It is the same as the treble clef, but two octaves lower.
C-clefs[edit]
Alto clef[edit]
A C-clef on the third line of the staff is called the alto or viola clef. It is currently used for viola, viola d'amore, alto trombone, viola da gamba, and mandola. It is also associated with the countertenor voice and sometimes called the countertenor clef.[4] A vestige of this survives in Sergei Prokofiev's use of the clef for the cor anglais in his symphonies. It occasionally appears in keyboard music (for example, in Brahms's Organ Chorales and John Cage's Dream for piano).
Tenor clef[edit]
A C-clef on the fourth line of the staff is called tenor clef. It is used for the viola da gamba (rarely, and mostly in German scores; otherwise the alto clef is used) and for upper ranges of bass-clef instruments such as the bassoon, cello, euphonium, double bass, and tenor trombone. Treble clef may also be used for the upper extremes of these bass-clef instruments. Tenor violin parts were also written in this clef (see e.g. Giovanni Battista Vitali's Op. 11). It was used by the tenor part in vocal music but its use has been largely supplanted either with an octave version of the treble clef or with bass clef when tenor and bass parts are written on a single staff.
Another tenor clef variant, formerly used in music for male chorus,[5] has a ladder-like shape. This C-clef places the C on the third space of the staff, and is equivalent to the sub-octave treble clef. See also History.
Mezzo-soprano clef†[edit]
A C-clef on the second line of the staff is called the mezzo-soprano clef, rarely used in modern Western classical music. It was used in 17th century French orchestral music for the second viola or first tenor part ('taille') by such composers as Lully, and for mezzo-soprano voices in operatic roles, notably by Claudio Monteverdi.[6] Mezzo-soprano clef was also used for certain flute parts during renaissance, especially when doubling vocal lines.[7] In Azerbaijani music, the tar uses this clef.[citation needed]
Soprano clef†[edit]
A C-clef on the first line of the staff is called the soprano clef. It was used for the right hand of keyboard music (particularly in France – see Bauyn manuscript), in vocal music for sopranos, and sometimes for high viola da gamba parts along with the alto clef. It was used for the second violin part ('haute-contre') in 17th century French music.
The line indicating C (going from the center of a clef) is marked in orange.
- soprano clef
- mezzo-soprano clef
- alto clef
- tenor clef
- baritone clef
Other clefs[edit]
Octave clefs[edit]
Starting in the 18th century, music for some instruments (such as guitar) and for the tenor voice have used treble clef, although they sound an octave lower. To avoid ambiguity, modified clefs are sometimes used, especially in choral writing. Using a C-clef on the third space places the notes identically, but this notation is much less common[8][9] as it is easily confused with the alto and tenor clefs.
Such a modified treble clef is most often found in tenor parts in SATBsettings, using a treble clef with the numeral 8 below it. This indicates that the pitches sound an octave lower. As the true tenor clef has fallen into disuse in vocal writings, this "octave-dropped" treble clef is often called the tenor clef. The same clef is sometimes used for the octave mandolin. This can also be indicated with two overlapping G-clefs.
Tenor banjo is commonly notated in treble clef. However, notation varies between the written pitch sounding an octave lower (as in guitar music and called octave pitch in most tenor banjo methods) and music sounding at the written pitch (called actual pitch). An attempt has been made to use a treble clef with a diagonal line through the upper half of the clef to indicate octave pitch, but this is not always used.
To indicate that notes sound an octave higher than written, a treble clef with an 8 positioned above the clef may be used for penny whistle, soprano and sopranino recorder, and other high woodwind parts. A treble clef with a 15 above (sounding two octaves above the standard treble clef) is used for the garklein (sopranissimo) recorder.
An F-clef can also be notated with an octave marker. While the F-clef notated to sound an octave lower can be used for contrabass instruments such as the double bass and contrabassoon, and the F-clef notated to sound an octave higher can be used for the bass recorder, these uses are extremely rare. In Italian scores up to Gioachino Rossini's Overture to William Tell, the cor anglais was written in bass clef an octave lower than sounding.[10] The unmodified bass clef is so common that performers of instruments whose ranges lie below the staff simply learn to read ledger lines.
Neutral clef[edit]
The neutral or percussion clef is not a true clef like the F, C, and G clefs. Rather, it assigns different unpitched percussion instruments to the lines and spaces of the staff. With the exception of some common drum-kit and marching percussion layouts, the assignment of lines and spaces to instruments is not standardised, so a legend is required to show which instrument each line or space represents. Pitched percussion instruments do not use this clef — timpaniare notated in bass clef and mallet percussion instruments are noted in treble clef or on a grand staff.
If the neutral clef is used for a single percussion instrument the staff may only have one line, although other configurations are used.
The neutral clef is sometimes used where non-percussion instruments play non-pitched extended techniques, such as hitting the body of a string instrument, or having a vocal choir clap, stamp, or snap. However, it is more common to write the rhythms using × noteheads on the instrument's normal staff, with a comment to indicate the appropriate rhythmic action.
Tablature[edit]
For guitars and other fretted instruments, it is possible to notate tablature in place of ordinary notes. This TAB sign is not a clef — it does not indicate the placement of notes on a staff. The lines shown are not a music staff but rather represent the strings of the instrument (six lines would be used for guitar, four lines for the bass guitar, etc.), with numbers on the lines showing which fret should be used.
History[edit]
Before the advent of clefs, the reference line of a staff was simply labeled with the name of the note it was intended to bear: F, C, or sometimes G. These were the most common 'clefs', or litterae clavis (key-letters), in Gregorian chant notation. Over time the shapes of these letters became stylised, leading to their current versions.
Many other clefs were used, particularly in the early period of chant notation, keyed to many different notes, from the low Γ (gamma, the G on the bottom line of the bass clef) to the G above middle C (written with a small letter g). These included two different lowercase b symbols for the note just below middle C: round for B♭, and square for B♮. In order of frequency of use, these clefs were: F, c, f, C, D, a, g, e, Γ, B, and the round and square b.[11] In later medieval music, the round b was often written in addition to another clef letter to indicate that B♭ rather than B♮ was to be used throughout a piece; this is the origin of the key signature.
In the polyphonic period up to 1600, unusual clefs were occasionally used for parts with extremely high or low tessituras. For very low bass parts, the Γ clef is found on the middle, fourth, or fifth lines of the staff (e.g., in Pierre de La Rue’s Requiem and in a mid-16th-century dance book published by the Hessen brothers); for very high parts, the high-D clef (d), and the even higher ff clef (e.g., in the Mulliner Book) were used to represent the notes written on the fourth and top lines of the treble clef, respectively.[12]
The practice of using different shapes for the same clef persisted until very recent times. The F-clef was, until as late as the 1980s in some cases (such as hymnals), or in British and French publications, written like this: 
In printed music from the 16th and 17th centuries, the C clef often assumed a ladder-like form, in which the two horizontal rungs surround the staff line indicated as C: 
; this form survived in some printed editions (see this example, written in four-part men's harmony and positioned to make it equivalent to an octave G clef) into the 20th century.
The C-clef was formerly written in a more angular way, sometimes still used, or, more often, as a simplified K-shape when writing the clef by hand: 
In modern Gregorian chant notation the C clef is written (on a four-line staff) in the form 
and the F clef as 
The flourish at the top of the G-clef probably derives from a cursive S for "sol", the name for "G" in solfege.[13]
C clefs (along with G, F, Γ, D, and A clefs) were formerly used to notate vocal music. Nominally, the soprano voice parts were written in first- or second-line C clef (soprano clef or mezzo-soprano clef) or second-line G clef (treble clef), the alto or tenor voices in third-line C clef (alto clef), the tenor voice in fourth-line C clef (tenor clef) and the bass voice in third-, fourth- or fifth-line F clef (baritone, bass, or sub-bass clef).
Until the 19th century, the most common arrangement for vocal music used the following clefs:
- Soprano = soprano clef (first-line C clef)
- Alto = alto clef (third-line C clef)
- Tenor = tenor clef (fourth-line C clef)
- Bass = bass clef (fourth-line F clef)
In more modern publications, four-part music on parallel staffs is usually written more simply as:
- Soprano = treble clef (second-line G clef)
- Alto = treble clef
- Tenor = treble clef with an 8 below or a double treble clef. Many pieces, particularly those from before the 21st century, use an unaltered treble clef, with the expectation the tenors will still sing an octave lower than notated.
- Bass = bass clef (fourth-line F clef)
This may be reduced to two staffs, the soprano and alto sharing a staff with a treble clef, and the tenor and bass sharing a staff marked with the bass clef.
Further uses[edit]
Clef combinations played a role in the modal system toward the end of the 16th century, and it has been suggested certain clef combinations in the polyphonic music of 16th-century vocal polyphony are reserved for authentic (odd-numbered) modes, and others for plagal (even-numbered) modes,[14][15] but the precise implications have been the subject of much scholarly debate.[16][17][18][19]
Reading music as if it were in a different clef from the one indicated can be an aid in transposing music at sight since it will move the pitches roughly in parallel to the written part. Key signatures and accidentals need to be accounted for when this is done.
In Unicode[edit]
For use with computer systems, the Unicode Consortium has created code points for twelve different clef symbols as part of a repertoire called the "Musical Symbols" block. Although much of the list was established by 1999, general provision of these symbols in common computer fonts remains rather limited.[b] The clef symbols provided are these:
- U+01D11E 𝄞 MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF
- U+01D11F 𝄟 MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF OTTAVA ALTA
- U+01D120 𝄠 MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF OTTAVA BASSA
- U+01D121 𝄡 MUSICAL SYMBOL C CLEF
- U+01D122 𝄢 MUSICAL SYMBOL F CLEF
- U+01D123 𝄣 MUSICAL SYMBOL F CLEF OTTAVA ALTA
- U+01D124 𝄤 MUSICAL SYMBOL F CLEF OTTAVA BASSA
- U+01D125 𝄥 MUSICAL SYMBOL DRUM CLEF-1
- U+01D126 𝄦 MUSICAL SYMBOL DRUM CLEF-2
- U+01D1D0 𝇐 MUSICAL SYMBOL GREGORIAN C CLEF
- U+01D1D1 𝇑 MUSICAL SYMBOL GREGORIAN F CLEF
- U+01D1DE 𝇞 MUSICAL SYMBOL KIEVAN C CLEF
Notes[edit]
- ^ It is perhaps also useful to note that, for the treble clef, the four spaces between the five clef lines spell out F–A–C–E.
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