

So, you 3 Numbers 4, and, Number 5 of the 3.141 and you cancel the 2 now word you have words A Piece of Breakfast and not a word Slice of Pi or that word Heaven word stuff or word device:
the way of a piece of Breakfast
Showing posts
Saturday, February 28, 2026
Words this is a First, Mark Class at the Front Door of 22 22nd Avenue, West Clay Park, San Francisco, California. Serial Names to Serial Killers is words Your Rolodex!! Words, And, word we have Serial Numbers..::: Title: The Convenience of Storage for You Mother Fucking Fools is word Equated. And. for the Man in Paso Robles behind the Counter at the Feed & Ranch Supply[Feed Industry Statistics There are nearly 5,650 U.S. animal food manufacturing facilities serving America's domestic livestock and pets each year. so words You are not alone and this is written on a Blog, on a word Computation, and the Cows know, that means Flying U Rodeo Company. 320 5th Street Marysville, California 95901 (530)742-8249] , WORD THEY CANNOT HEAR THE ROLODEX, so word fine!!!!!!!!!!!
Margo, Lead Cashier notice Title at ..:::
1.) this is a key
2.) Words the way of has Instructions:
"That being said" Author Known
3. Words Did you word Watch the Film?
4. You are word able at words the way of you busted as my mother Melba Maud Ross Placek-Meakin said at 22 22nd Avenue West Clay Park San Francisco in word loud[Loud] You are Busted.
Word watch, word Watch, word WATCH are words you’re next from the Film Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978) | Original Trailer [HD] | Coolidge Corner Theatre as ER or er goes to Dr. Ziegler.
a. Word This[this[THIS]] equated words One Key
So, Bob Ross, Inc. is able as he had Posts for word equated word repo, so, the way of anarchy in the ewe kay
circles on the blog on blogspot.com; the way of anguish as word Horses are in word what as what is a word Circle, for a word Riding Horse word English is word Western?
Talk to the word Hand? Words That’s a Ranch, so words equated words Ranch hand!!
or word [anguish]languish
and word Doctors words go here to get to Shakespeare just to comprehend word is eighth[Eighth] and is He Henry the 9th;
1. So, he would be Henry the Eighth in the Nineth instead of word hybrid or word Clone, so he would be word, is he still a word King?
Angels have word Gear, what do kings’ have?
Words It’s a word Process
answer
word You are working on a word Processor!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Cantore Arithmetic is able to state word Listen:::
I don’t know any word thing about the Lotus Flower, I have the Little Shop of Horrors and a Plant in a Can, so, a few drops of blood sprinkled words equated words word stone however Jentezen Franklin on TV said and according to the move E; words The Fan.
So, for the AMA this is to include words in the word bible. Look there’s a Moon, see, there’s a Sun, so the words heads in Mt. Rushmore have names, and, are known!!
This is not a word Fairy Tale however word Named word Grim may word bring.
Prometheus is not a word God, word he has a word Headache!!
1. Moreover he sprinkled with blood both the tabernacle, and all the vessels of the ministry. And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission.
Leviticus 16:14 - King James Bible
Question
Words Is this enough Room?
Word Room is able to be a word Name, so it’s much less offensive.
Cantore Arithmetic is able to state to the Crazy horse[Horse] word Doctor as word if[If[IF]] word equated words aye doctored word it.
Words You had a word Facility.
Words You had a word tablet[Tablet], word Prescription is word Yours.
Words, Now, word is to big to word think[Think[THINK]] as there are word Four in word Stone, ask the Ranger as it is word done[stone[stop[settle]]]: ![]()
DO NOT ADD ANY SAYINGS OR STATEMENTS word here.
Look at this word Photograph;
You searched for
"SAID" in the KJV Bible
3,605 RESULTS - PAGE 1 OF 121 - SORT BY BOOK ORDER - FEEDBACK
- John 9:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Some said, This is he: others said, He is like him: but he said, I am he.
- Matthew 26:25chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then Judas, which betrayed him, answered and said, Master, is it I? He said unto him, Thou hast said.
- Zechariah 5:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And I said, What is it? And he said, This is an ephah that goeth forth. He saidmoreover, This is their resemblance through all the earth.
- John 4:17chapter context similar meaning copy save
- The woman answered and said, I have no husband. Jesus said unto her, Thou hast well said, I have no husband:
- Luke 16:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then said he to another, And how much owest thou? And he said, An hundred measures of wheat. And he said unto him, Take thy bill, and write fourscore.
- 1 Samuel 15:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then Samuel said unto Saul, Stay, and I will tell thee what the LORD hath said to me this night. And he said unto him, Say on.
- 1 Kings 18:43chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And said to his servant, Go up now, look toward the sea. And he went up, and looked, and said, There is nothing. And he said, Go again seven times.
- Amos 8:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he said, Amos, what seest thou? And I said, A basket of summer fruit. Then saidthe LORD unto me, The end is come upon my people of Israel; I will not again pass by them any more.
- Numbers 24:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he took up his parable, and said, Balaam the son of Beor hath said, and the man whose eyes are open hath said:
- Numbers 24:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he took up his parable, and said, Balaam the son of Beor hath said, and the man whose eyes are open hath said:
- 1 Kings 20:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Ahab said, By whom? And he said, Thus saith the LORD, Even by the young men of the princes of the provinces. Then he said, Who shall order the battle? And he answered, Thou.
- Genesis 26:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Abimelech called Isaac, and said, Behold, of a surety she is thy wife: and how saidst thou, She is my sister? And Isaac said unto him, Because I said, Lest I die for her.
- 1 Kings 22:20chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the LORD said, Who shall persuade Ahab, that he may go up and fall at Ramothgilead? And one said on this manner, and another said on that manner.
- John 9:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then said they unto him, Where is he? He said, I know not.
- Luke 20:39chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then certain of the scribes answering said, Master, thou hast well said.
- 1 Samuel 10:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Saul's uncle said, Tell me, I pray thee, what Samuel said unto you.
- Luke 9:20chapter context similar meaning copy save
- He said unto them, But whom say ye that I am? Peter answering said, The Christ of God.
- 2 Samuel 16:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the king said, And where is thy master's son? And Ziba said unto the king, Behold, he abideth at Jerusalem: for he said, To day shall the house of Israel restore me the kingdom of my father.
- Ezra 10:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then all the congregation answered and said with a loud voice, As thou hast said, so must we do.
- Genesis 22:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Isaac spake unto Abraham his father, and said, My father: and he said, Here am I, my son. And he said, Behold the fire and the wood: but where is the lamb for a burnt offering?
- Luke 4:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Jesus answering said unto him, It is said, Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God.
- Acts 22:27chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then the chief captain came, and said unto him, Tell me, art thou a Roman? He said, Yea.
- 2 Kings 9:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And when he came, behold, the captains of the host were sitting; and he said, I have an errand to thee, O captain. And Jehu said, Unto which of all us? And he said, To thee, O captain.
- Ruth 3:17chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And she said, These six measures of barley gave he me; for he said to me, Go not empty unto thy mother in law.
- Judges 12:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the Gileadites took the passages of Jordan before the Ephraimites: and it was so, that when those Ephraimites which were escaped said, Let me go over; that the men of Gilead said unto him, Art thou an Ephraimite? If he said, Nay;
- Amos 7:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the LORD said unto me, Amos, what seest thou? And I said, A plumbline. Then said the Lord, Behold, I will set a plumbline in the midst of my people Israel: I will not again pass by them any more:
- Ruth 2:21chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Ruth the Moabitess said, He said unto me also, Thou shalt keep fast by my young men, until they have ended all my harvest.
- Exodus 4:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the LORD said unto him, What is that in thine hand? And he said, A rod.
- 2 Chronicles 6:1chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then said Solomon, The LORD hath said that he would dwell in the thick darkness.
- John 7:41chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Others said, This is the Christ. But some said, Shall Christ come out of Galilee?
You searched for
"ROOM" in the KJV Bible
31 RESULTS - PAGE 1 OF 2 - SORT BY BOOK ORDER - FEEDBACK
- 1 Kings 2:35chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the king put Benaiah the son of Jehoiada in his room over the host: and Zadok the priest did the king put in the room of Abiathar.
- Luke 22:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he shall shew you a large upper room furnished: there make ready.
- Luke 12:17chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he thought within himself, saying, What shall I do, because I have no roomwhere to bestow my fruits?
- Genesis 24:23chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And said, Whose daughter art thou? tell me, I pray thee: is there room in thy father's house for us to lodge in?
- Proverbs 18:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- A man's gift maketh room for him, and bringeth him before great men.
- Luke 14:22chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the servant said, Lord, it is done as thou hast commanded, and yet there is room.
- Genesis 24:25chapter context similar meaning copy save
- She said moreover unto him, We have both straw and provender enough, and roomto lodge in.
- Mark 14:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he will shew you a large upper room furnished and prepared: there make ready for us.
- Psalms 80:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Thou preparedst room before it, and didst cause it to take deep root, and it filled the land.
- Acts 24:27chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But after two years Porcius Festus came into Felix' room: and Felix, willing to shew the Jews a pleasure, left Paul bound.
- Psalms 31:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And hast not shut me up into the hand of the enemy: thou hast set my feet in a large room.
- 2 Chronicles 26:1chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then all the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in the room of his father Amaziah.
- Matthew 2:22chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But when he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judaea in the room of his father Herod, he was afraid to go thither: notwithstanding, being warned of God in a dream, he turned aside into the parts of Galilee:
- Luke 14:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- When thou art bidden of any man to a wedding, sit not down in the highest room; lest a more honourable man than thou be bidden of him;
- Luke 2:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn.
- Luke 14:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he that bade thee and him come and say to thee, Give this man place; and thou begin with shame to take the lowest room.
- Mark 2:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And straightway many were gathered together, insomuch that there was no room to receive them, no, not so much as about the door: and he preached the word unto them.
- 1 Corinthians 14:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Else when thou shalt bless with the spirit, how shall he that occupieth the room of the unlearned say Amen at thy giving of thanks, seeing he understandeth not what thou sayest?
- Genesis 24:31chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he said, Come in, thou blessed of the LORD; wherefore standest thou without? for I have prepared the house, and room for the camels.
- 2 Samuel 19:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And say ye to Amasa, Art thou not of my bone, and of my flesh? God do so to me, and more also, if thou be not captain of the host before me continually in the roomof Joab.
- 1 Kings 5:1chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Hiram king of Tyre sent his servants unto Solomon; for he had heard that they had anointed him king in the room of his father: for Hiram was ever a lover of David.
- 2 Kings 23:34chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Pharaohnechoh made Eliakim the son of Josiah king in the room of Josiah his father, and turned his name to Jehoiakim, and took Jehoahaz away: and he came to Egypt, and died there.
- 1 Kings 19:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Jehu the son of Nimshi shalt thou anoint to be king over Israel: and Elisha the son of Shaphat of Abelmeholah shalt thou anoint to be prophet in thy room.
- Genesis 26:22chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he removed from thence, and digged another well; and for that they strove not: and he called the name of it Rehoboth; and he said, For now the LORD hath made room for us, and we shall be fruitful in the land.
- Acts 1:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And when they were come in, they went up into an upper room, where abode both Peter, and James, and John, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James.
- 1 Kings 8:20chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the LORD hath performed his word that he spake, and I am risen up in the roomof David my father, and sit on the throne of Israel, as the LORD promised, and have built an house for the name of the LORD God of Israel.
- Luke 14:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But when thou art bidden, go and sit down in the lowest room; that when he that bade thee cometh, he may say unto thee, Friend, go up higher: then shalt thou have worship in the presence of them that sit at meat with thee.
- Malachi 3:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Bring ye all the tithes into the storehouse, that there may be meat in mine house, and prove me now herewith, saith the LORD of hosts, if I will not open you the windows of heaven, and pour you out a blessing, that there shall not be roomenough to receive it.
- 2 Kings 15:25chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But Pekah the son of Remaliah, a captain of his, conspired against him, and smote him in Samaria, in the palace of the king's house, with Argob and Arieh, and with him fifty men of the Gileadites: and he killed him, and reigned in his room.
- 2 Chronicles 6:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- The LORD therefore hath performed his word that he hath spoken: for I am risen up in the room of David my father, and am set on the throne of Israel, as the LORD promised, and have built the house for the name of the LORD God of Israel.
You searched for
"CORN" in the KJV Bible
94 RESULTS - PAGE 1 OF 4 - SORT BY BOOK ORDER - FEEDBACK
- Matthew 12:1chapter context similar meaning copy save
- At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat.
- Joshua 5:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And they did eat of the old corn of the land on the morrow after the passover, unleavened cakes, and parched corn in the selfsame day.
- Mark 2:23chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And it came to pass, that he went through the corn fields on the sabbath day; and his disciples began, as they went, to pluck the ears of corn.
- Luke 6:1chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And it came to pass on the second sabbath after the first, that he went through the corn fields; and his disciples plucked the ears of corn, and did eat, rubbing them in their hands.
- Exodus 22:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- If fire break out, and catch in thorns, so that the stacks of corn, or the standing corn, or the field, be consumed therewith; he that kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.
- Judges 15:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And when he had set the brands on fire, he let them go into the standing corn of the Philistines, and burnt up both the shocks, and also the standing corn, with the vineyards and olives.
- Deuteronomy 23:25chapter context similar meaning copy save
- When thou comest into the standing corn of thy neighbour, then thou mayest pluck the ears with thine hand; but thou shalt not move a sickle unto thy neighbour's standing corn.
- Leviticus 2:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And if thou offer a meat offering of thy firstfruits unto the LORD, thou shalt offer for the meat offering of thy firstfruits green ears of corn dried by the fire, even cornbeaten out of full ears.
- Genesis 42:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Joseph's ten brethren went down to buy corn in Egypt.
- Job 5:26chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Thou shalt come to thy grave in a full age, like as a shock of corn cometh in in his season.
- Acts 7:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But when Jacob heard that there was corn in Egypt, he sent out our fathers first.
- Deuteronomy 25:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn.
- Genesis 42:26chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And they laded their asses with the corn, and departed thence.
- Psalms 4:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Thou hast put gladness in my heart, more than in the time that their corn and their wine increased.
- Job 39:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Their young ones are in good liking, they grow up with corn; they go forth, and return not unto them.
- Genesis 41:49chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Joseph gathered corn as the sand of the sea, very much, until he left numbering; for it was without number.
- Genesis 41:57chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And all countries came into Egypt to Joseph for to buy corn; because that the famine was so sore in all lands.
- Genesis 42:1chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Now when Jacob saw that there was corn in Egypt, Jacob said unto his sons, Why do ye look one upon another?
- Nehemiah 5:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Some also there were that said, We have mortgaged our lands, vineyards, and houses, that we might buy corn, because of the dearth.
- Nehemiah 5:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- I likewise, and my brethren, and my servants, might exact of them money and corn: I pray you, let us leave off this usury.
- Deuteronomy 16:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Thou shalt observe the feast of tabernacles seven days, after that thou hast gathered in thy corn and thy wine:
- Genesis 41:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he slept and dreamed the second time: and, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and good.
- 1 Timothy 5:18chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. And, The labourer is worthy of his reward.
- Deuteronomy 33:28chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Israel then shall dwell in safety alone: the fountain of Jacob shall be upon a land of corn and wine; also his heavens shall drop down dew.
- Job 24:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- They reap every one his corn in the field: and they gather the vintage of the wicked.
- Genesis 42:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the sons of Israel came to buy corn among those that came: for the famine was in the land of Canaan.
- Genesis 42:19chapter context similar meaning copy save
- If ye be true men, let one of your brethren be bound in the house of your prison: go ye, carry corn for the famine of your houses:
- John 12:24chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone: but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit.
- Isaiah 21:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- O my threshing, and the corn of my floor: that which I have heard of the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, have I declared unto you.
- Genesis 43:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And it came to pass, when they had eaten up the corn which they had brought out of Egypt, their father said unto them, Go again, buy us a little food.

- Karen Placek
- Presents, a Life with a Plan. My name is Karen Anastasia Placek, I am the author of this Google Blog. This is the story of my journey, a quest to understanding more than myself. The title of my first blog delivered more than a million views!! The title is its work as "The Secret of the Universe is Choice!; know decision" will be the next global slogan. Placed on T-shirts, Jackets, Sweatshirts, it really doesn't matter, 'cause a picture with my slogan is worth more than a thousand words, it's worth??.......Know Conversation!!!
Saturday, February 28, 2026
Words this is a First, Mark Class at the Front Door of 22 22nd Avenue, West Clay Park, San Francisco, California. Serial Names to Serial Killers is words Your Rolodex!! Words, And, word we have Serial Numbers..::: Title: The Convenience of Storage for You Mother Fucking Fools is word Equated. And. for the Man in Paso Robles behind the Counter at the Feed & Ranch Supply[Feed Industry Statistics There are nearly 5,650 U.S. animal food manufacturing facilities serving America's domestic livestock and pets each year. so words You are not alone and this is written on a Blog, on a word Computation, and the Cows know, that means Flying U Rodeo Company. 320 5th Street Marysville, California 95901 (530)742-8249] , WORD THEY CANNOT HEAR THE ROLODEX, so word fine!!!!!!!!!!!
Margo, Lead Cashier notice Title at ..:::
1.) this is a key
2.) Words the way of has Instructions:
"That being said" Author Known
3. Words Did you word Watch the Film?
4. You are word able at words the way of you busted as my mother Melba Maud Ross Placek-Meakin said at 22 22nd Avenue West Clay Park San Francisco in word loud[Loud] You are Busted.
Word watch, word Watch, word WATCH are words you’re next from the Film Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978) | Original Trailer [HD] | Coolidge Corner Theatre as ER or er goes to Dr. Ziegler.
a. Word This[this[THIS]] equated words One Key
So, Bob Ross, Inc. is able as he had Posts for word equated word repo, so, the way of anarchy in the ewe kay
Words, A Picture is worth a thousand words.
And, animals have word litter on Srinivasa Ramanujan’ 3.141, so, words this is a Door as Cantore Arithmetic words ran out of word these or word Those numbers starting with the 3.141. Words, So, Cantore Arithmetic equated word The Hybrid Hotel and Physicists equated words The Hilbert Hotel:::
Hilbert's paradox of the Grand Hotel - Wikipedia
Oct 26, 2015 · A team of physicists experimentally realized this thought experiment using light. Their work is described in the Physical Review Letters.
Words Now, this was so scary as word Something in REM Sleep at 815 Balboa said to James word blunt, so blount, and is on word Nero, my Miniature Pincher, a Service Dog words From the Marin word pound. Word Whom said words Marry this girl, or I’ll kill you.
1. word whom[Whom[WHOM]] is not word yet[Yet[YET]] but word Worked
I tried everything to get the attention of James Blunt Singer equated words at-large[Large[LARGE]] as the Zodiac Killer was not a word Large and word Yet was equated word there.
→I went to The Green Apple on Clement Street, words my mother had words That BOOK[King James Version], next to the Mackenzie Warehouse on 10th, an Alley where I saw my First Computer for the Inventory for Auto word Parts and, word bodies, I saw a Bible word Store on the Corner where I walked from one to the other and saw word they had a bible Titled The Way, I picked it up, and put it down, and did not purchase it.
Words, We moved to 22 22nd Avenue, where my mother said you’re busted, words that is Cantore Arithmetic in eh are only.

- Karen Placek
- Presents, a Life with a Plan. My name is Karen Anastasia Placek, I am the author of this Google Blog. This is the story of my journey, a quest to understanding more than myself. The title of my first blog delivered more than a million views!! The title is its work as "The Secret of the Universe is Choice!; know decision" will be the next global slogan. Placed on T-shirts, Jackets, Sweatshirts, it really doesn't matter, 'cause a picture with my slogan is worth more than a thousand words, it's worth??.......Know Conversation!!!
Tuesday, October 31, 2017
"That being said" Author Known
once you see simplicity you once again
V for Vendetta - The Dominoes Fall - YouTube
Duration: 4:54
Posted: May 28, 2016
so, A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
now, you are able to word apply 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
the way of mayor 26th[words Jerry Dyer is the 26th Mayor of Fresno]
Clydey is able to type in words the way of tamara or wammy could of been wammie
Shareston is able to type words the way of landle or word the way of hanover.
and Kelsey is able to type in the way of eddie or weddie
Allow your posture to be your Voice!!
Then your words can be your grace!!
Remember,
Silence is golden, until is broken,
that is when you go Platinum!!
This is our heritage,
Freedom is priceless
and
will cost you everything
with
no promises.
Words, I woke to word abrupt and heard the Speech to Chief Greg Suhr
so,
You, Chief Greg Suhr, are not here, and Chief Jerry Dyer is on the Blog for the same word cause.
↓ For Margo: PETsMART Direct, which encompassed several catalogs, was formed in October 1996. In 1996, the company opened its first eight Canadian stores, and spread to the UK by acquiring and renaming Pet City, the UK's largest pet-products chain which had 50 stores at the time. so, the words Movie Theatre equated word fulcrum[Folcrum[FOLCRUM]]
: out of ::: for Margo, a Lead Cashier and Manager or there Signing as she went to words equated word’ Their floor on 111739. Words, And for Mr. Magarity as I loved the last Name of Ryan, so her Father had to be known as words for dg, words Just Love for Kathryn, last Name Garrett, as Desta was her mother, and I only a daughter of words another word status, so, so word state. Words For Jon Cagliero in San Miguel, California, there is a Billboard up here that states words Marry Lisa, words I don’t remember your word Wife’ name so word Named Britney Spears, as Britney was words stuck in REM with me.
I had no problems with this documentary. It built in complexity;

Cantore Arithmetic is able to word establish word love[Love[LOVE]] equated word remember and word lend[Lend].
Chief Greg Suhr words I love you from what had happened at 815 as word Dorchester equated word sleep, Chief Jerry Dyer I lend you since your immediate word response to 1 as Tom Selleck a Robocop in a word done was on a word Angel Run, words, so, he is a word Member and had my stomach Lining.
Words, NOW, JESUS CHRIST IS A MAN that on words This Earth words you claim his word Material equated as word cloth. Words, So, this is equated words Wash, a Bathroom state and since Diane Gallagher word equated word yelped to word Align, description word online as word Set, then my Stomach line should be word comprehend, words I’m Yelling.
Saturday, June 21, 2014
The Key Is To Know The Dooring
If All I Have Is Time I'll Resolve The Product Lines To Beal
Tuesday, June 24, 2014
At The Tip Of The Tongues Nipping Be Dare
Friday, July 4, 2014
4th Of July ~ Friday Editor Post Press
Monday, February 2, 2026
Title: James Blount the Kidnapper as word Nappied
Words, Just to let you know the damage so far is so in word depth and placed in word Category for the Parents of JonBenét Ramsey and Mr. John Walsh Name goes here as Angelina Jolie is now JonBenét Ramsey.
WILL YOU PLEASE ADMIT THIS IS HAPPENING
Cantore Arithmetic is able to state Word REM Sleep stands for words Doctors, word Nightmares equated word Sweating and Twisted Blankets. Words To regain AMA and JAMA for word I, _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ as James Blunt did Doctors Without Boarders and this Country has left word I, _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ in word Force as the Financial word Hood has brought words to word turmoil and due to this statement Don’t drink the Koolaid, these Posts are to retrieve Publishing Fees and word books that The Green Apple on Clement established are able to be written and word Finance is not word Option or words On the Table as my word Tests equated word results:::
JAMA Network Open | AMA - American Medical Association
Words, You’ll be found to be in REM slept.
James Blount aligned with Jim Jones on Geary Blvd. and words Those Boxes that said Ship to Guyana in the Year of 1978 possible prior. Date to be exact as the Boxes made of achievable builds and were marked in by their word Mere Size are to be known by the nearest Attorney at-law in San Francisco by the word Named word Chamber, this equated word still[Still].
1.).
English Folk Verse (c.1870)
Perhaps most widely known in America from its use in the movie V for Vendetta
Saturday, June 21, 2014
The Love Is In The Brand Named
Sunday, August 9, 2015
A Ton Null Inn Thear Ee`d
Time is very interesting. Our lives are made of time. Nobody knows what time is. You go in one direction and you gain time. You go in the other direction and you lose time. Airplanes now fly so fast that time stands still. A Plane can fly as fast as the earth revolves past the sun. A baby born in a plane flying in the right direction could theoretically live its whole life of many years without living through one day. It would have a long birthday. Its whole life would be its birthday. Suppose the plane should fly faster. The baby would be minus an old man. There is one place in the United States, and there time is different in every direction. The time belt follows the Snake River. The river makes an ox-bow bend. From within the ox-bow you shoot a long-range rifle north, east, south, or west. The bullet will land almost an hour before it was fired. The ox-bow is completely surrounded by another time belt. Time is all anyone has in the world. It is fluid. Nobody has ever found a good way of measuring it.
Saturday, June 28, 2014
The Apocalypse Means Revealing Hear A Revelation
Wednesday, June 18, 2014
Inc.
Sunday, June 29, 2014
Picture Stick With One Eye Opened
Trades Our Enlightening Traits Are Hards My Revelation Chapter 22 Continued Book One Astro Knots Inn The Begin
Friday, June 20, 2014
B.D.S.M. Ordered Mastery Served Religion Talking Host Extract ~ Whom To What I'll State Fare In Surgence
Saturday, July 19, 2014
There Is No Dot In I
The task of an understanding takes the point to Mind in the thought of timely an answer came to me to sort,
I settled with the reason to begin building a structure rather than becoming torn to shreds by consumed,
greeting comprehension not burying the action for in the Feat the gain is the reins that control the turned,
supporting myself with kindness to purpose I swerve on lines that impulse towards what I would like not.
In a state of learn to engage the teach itself I have found that balance is in the seat of the leg productions foot,
a walk to drive or conversely a leg up to mount are both a revolution involving the creation of two in one,
the body of the mass in animation is energy in transfer to increase the impulsion of the movement to arrive,
either way the direction of the tangible is headed to of from the point of desire yet still are traveling compass.
The separation enters from disruption to the determination of the two looking for the completion of the one,
in that directive the respond is a horse is trainable and a car can be repaired by professionals in station stops,
seeking guidance from what I was in happenstance told I relate to a shoot that is thrown into the motion art,
hence the horse harnessed for driving his Wares are include Blinders to allow not focus but halt the spook.
The knowledge of 'Driving' incorporates shafts with Set pin points for the fluid movement removing the buck,
the strict Carriage of the stern harnessed to believe that ground is rolled by man can only encourage stature,
the plow is a disc that the Field is familiar dirt is alive for in the event of a drought it dries of thirst to dust,
top soil can be lost should the Farm not control the crops verses the rest of the field itself from no fertilizer.
Should the addition not be naturally from the Barn via mucking than man makes chemicals to mix into the dirt
the grounds than become poisoned but still will produce the Crops however the flavor will be the cost,
in the Market place the color may be held the fruit may be strong but slice the apple and the Orchard yards,
for your tongue will know immediately the difference between home grown and the factory processed food.
I wonder is the care of the love from personal attention to individual row crops that hands on involvement,
the touch of energy to the object of growing that creation has brought so that the produce is of caliber,
in the case of forced isolation in a life of evolution from birth to now the missing piece is seen in done,
could it thereby have been could it thereby actually be this simple to explain as the total price of my brain.
Counter Courting
Saturday, June 21, 2014
Experience The Rares
Sunday, July 6, 2014
It's Just A Livered
Monday, July 14, 2014
Time is Like Keep a Wave
Monday, June 30, 2014
It's Been A While
Wednesday, July 2, 2014
Public Informational Postings Know Contact
Wednesday, July 9, 2014
It Is Just How I Deal
Saturday, June 21, 2014
If All I Have Is Time I'll Resolve The Product Lines To Beal
Friday, July 4, 2014
Doodling Dude
Tuesday, July 15, 2014
Know Love For Home Bounders Lost At Sad ~ Perk Directions? ~ Knew Way Immediately If Not Sooner
In a proper hold to Form the Stature taught me to Address the Inquiry in a Letter to the Require of Life itself,
as times in the lap topped communication is still Held by Prim in delivery of the Introduced via a Site Comp.,
this Male did receive base Post asking not a Weird rather declaring the intent of a C.D. recording as Visual,
entering the selection with a Tempo barring Fork tuned reviving a breadth Look in an Instant recognition aye!
Simply known to I the write was correct in the application of a suggested meeting to settle 'Old' accounts ear
the pass did not mirror a flirting with Death provides amply recording Past Lives in a Narrowing of Time Self
too having ability in ignorance never Tempo`ing to bitter sweets the Cream mere Sugar added to Honey bits.
The Treakle of a Caster should have brought the difference "how?" in the hurry of a World heading disasters,
in the Constance of Warring over exactly what has ended up being the evidential Proof written by mistake i,
to have had the dot point the alphabet skull was very nearly not my intention rather the error of my life hide.
Ancient communique flew via the Bird, Dove or Crow Called, these are as in addition a Tracking beacons,
Nigh the Fortnight to the grove saving Trees marketedly increasing the sent Sender key striking preventives,
no longer the Air carrier verses Time Aged questing the Wire hodge throwing down Purpose for Hymn salts.
It was the bemoaning of the the Listen I am in borrow on a Plain of discontentment in body life pleading Cry
bass in acoustics marvel my Mind even Today at the capture of the booming tyranny in a World catch Ride.
Trouble for the blaster gave I heed to the Oxygen in what appeared to release further drive puts on Setters,
not archaic in sound the envelope delivered the brought in a Mastery of a Quantum sheet Ballet of Instruct,
the Movement in and of Itself was the Mark of a Familiar Boom that looming of Anciently known personae.
Read the 10th Degree in an 11th Minor of a 22nd Breasting in a Life Destined to Breath Numbers opposite,
immediacy in dictatorial recognition of Symphony played right into the Self of Me no denial of the Agreement
flawed never until I opened the box of Pandora to the Web in crawling the bugged brought to Taskings!!
Oddly Repeated However Believable Wound
Monday, June 30, 2014
Evolution Gods Blunt
Sunday, June 29, 2014
Price Not Included
MUSE: the brain sensing headband
Muse: The Brain Sensing Headband
Changing the Way the World Thinks

Thank you to all our supporters, we reached our goal!
Muse: the brain sensing headbandhas started shipping to contributors of our Indiegogo campaign
[last updated April 24th 2014]
Please note:
This campaign reached its goal December 7th 2012. InteraXon is no longer offering pledge perks shown on this page. This page will no longer be updated or maintained by the InteraXon team.
Contact our Customer Care Team
community@interaxon.ca
Join us on social media
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Facebook: /choosemuse
"The slim, fashion-forward device, which even Anna Wintour would conceivably wear"
- Huffington Post
"Finally: a brainwave-sensing gadget disguised as a stylish wearable headband that would fit right in with Google Glass."
- KurzweilAI.net
"The world just got a little better."
- Trendhunter.com
"The uses for a device like the Muse in the future are even more intriguing"
- CNET.com
Everyone deserves a Muse.
Everyone who has contributed at the Earliest Bird level or higher will receive one of our holiday bonus perks, This includes all new contributors too!
- Bonus brain training: Earliest Bird, Early Bird, Standard Pledge, My Brain on a Shirt and Beer on Your Mind contributors will receive bonus content with our brain training application so you can do even more with your mind.
- Source code: Developer’s Muse, Developer’s Deluxe and Muse Quad Pack contributors will receive source code from one of our games to get you immersed in the world of Muse even faster.
How does it work?
What else comes with Muse?
This was the “A-ha!” moment for our first application.
With our background in brain-computer interfaces, we saw how EEG could provide meaningful and timely feedback to help people get past the usual stumbling blocks. So we’ve been working with experts who teach mental practices, fusing their methods and our technology into gorgeous, compelling digital experiences to engage in with your compatible smartphone or tablet.
Who’s behind it?
This is just the beginning.
Muse is here to be the guide to the wonders of brain sensing technology for people all over the world. Beyond the initial app included with Muse will be apps created by ourselves and others – maybe including you!
We need your help.
- $10USDOur eternal gratitudeTo show our appreciation, everyone who pledges at this level or above will have their name featured in the credits of our first application.39 claimed
- $45USDInteraXon Shirt ($30 +s/h)Who doesn’t love a good t-shirt? This pledge gets you our brainy InteraXon logo with our philosophy: “Thoughts. Matter.” (Shipping costs included for US and Canada. International orders please add additional $15)Estimated delivery: January 201318 claimed
- SOLD OUT$135USDThe Earliest Bird ($120 +s/h)If you help us get started, you’ll get Muse in your choice of black or white, along with our brain fitness app and SDK for the super discount price of a third off of retail. Price will go up when these run out. (Shipping costs included for US and Canada. International orders please add additional $15)Estimated delivery: December 2013200 out of 200 claimed
- SOLD OUT$145USDThe Early Bird ($130 +s/h)If you missed our Earliest Bird Special, you can still get in now with a discount on Muse in either black or white, bundled with our brain fitness app. (Includes $15 shipping costs for US and Canada. Add $15 for International orders.)Estimated delivery: December 2013325 out of 325 claimed
- $165USDStandard Pledge ($150 +s/h)Get Muse in your choice of black or white, plus our brain fitness app and SDK, at $50 off retail. We’ve designed Muse to help people perform more effectively, reduce stress and anxiety, and improve cognitive skills like memory and focus. We’re thrilled you’ve decided to join us on the journey of making brainwave-enabled technology a part of everyday life. (Shipping costs included for US and Canada. International orders please add additional $15)Estimated delivery: December 2013283 claimed
- $190USDDeveloper's Muse ($175 +s/h)Get Muse bundles with our first application and SDK, PLUS the set of brainwave visualization and analytic tools we use to develop brainwave applications so you can start building your own applications (Analytics tools will be Mac and PC compatible, and interface with processing and Max/MSP). Be the first to join our developer community, and have your feedback shape future releases. (Shipping costs included for US and Canada. International orders please add additional $15)Estimated delivery: December 2013540 claimed
- $275USDMy Brain on a Shirt ($260+s/h)Send us your brainwave data from our app and we’ll turn it into an awesome custom t-shirt for you. Proudly display your brain’s signature rhythm across your chest. How’s that for a conversation starter? Plus, you’ll get the headset in black or white. (Shipping costs included for US and Canada. International orders please add additional $15.)Estimated delivery: December 20135 out of 100 claimed
- $335USDHoliday Gift PairGet one Developer’s Muse and one Standard Pledge. Show off your developer skills with someone else or just give them the gift of Muse so they can do more with their minds too (like your Mom!). (US and Candian shipping included, International orders please add additional $15)Estimated delivery: December 20139 claimed
- SOLD OUT$375USDDeveloper's Deluxe ($350 +s/h)You’ll get two Muses: one of our standard offerings when the final batch ships, plus one of our limited supply of hand-numbered prototypes, available months in advance! You also get early access to our SDK and brainwave visualization and analytic tools that our team uses to develop brainwave applications. (Shipping costs included for US and Canada. International orders please add additional $15)Estimated delivery: October 201375 out of 75 claimed
- $530USDMuse Quad Pack (save 40%)Save 40% off FOUR Muse headbands in black or white, which includes our brain fitness app and SDK, plus our brainwave visualization and analytic tools so you can start building your own apps right away. It’s the perfect pack for research labs, distributors, hackers and corporations. (Shipping costs are included for US & Canada. International orders please include an additional $30 for shipping.)Estimated delivery: December 201332 out of 100 claimed
- $8,500USDBeer on Your MindWant your next event to really blow people’s minds? If you pledge at this tier, we’ll show up at your door with our thought-controlled beer tap. Yes, you read that right. Beer tap. Thought-controlled. Think you can pour a perfect pint using your brainwaves? We KNOW you wanna try. Here’s your chance. The beer is on you, though! Also included is a 'quad pack' of four Muse headbands bundled with our application and SDK! (Flight included in US and Canada. International orders, let's talk!)0 out of 3 claimed

- Karen Placek
- Presents, a Life with a Plan. My name is Karen Anastasia Placek, I am the author of this Google Blog. This is the story of my journey, a quest to understanding more than myself. The title of my first blog delivered more than a million views!! The title is its work as "The Secret of the Universe is Choice!; know decision" will be the next global slogan. Placed on T-shirts, Jackets, Sweatshirts, it really doesn't matter, 'cause a picture with my slogan is worth more than a thousand words, it's worth??.......Know Conversation!!!
Friday, November 18, 2022
The Moon Is Postion
In subtle latitude of arithmetic (Cantore) the project aspect will attempt to work the following: To map the stars with a natural growth of the Redwood.
To do such the aspect would have to see the photograph to the idea. This round would include a location of judgement on earth to drop the rings and add the known star systems: Milky Way. The Redwood Tree is on foundation of Earth and at “age” the bearing would deliver the “Age in Aquarius”? As the Age of Aquarius is to match the age of our Earth at this time it would give in the now a fair bearing.
This would be able to deliver the Sun as either a disc or a halo to engage the thought of the Pyramid without the glyph. To think on this tactile environment and with the added dimensional ability to average the idea the truth of the outline of just the ceiling at Grand Central Station would have a real American keel. To build the idea at the concept the watch with embellishment might deliver a larger star system.
Milky Way
The Milky Way[b] is the galaxy that includes our Solar System, with the name describing the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. The term Milky Way is a translation of the Latin via lactea, from the Greek γαλακτικός κύκλος (galaktikos kýklos), meaning "milky circle".[18][19][20] From Earth, the Milky Way appears as a band because its disk-shaped structure is viewed from within. Galileo Galilei first resolved the band of light into individual stars with his telescope in 1610. Until the early 1920s, most astronomers thought that the Milky Way contained all the stars in the Universe.[21] Following the 1920 Great Debate between the astronomers Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis,[22] observations by Edwin Hubble showed that the Milky Way is just one of many galaxies.
The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy with an estimated D25 isophotal diameter of 26.8 ± 1.1 kiloparsecs (87,400 ± 3,590 light-years),[8] but only about 1,000 light years thick at the spiral arms (more at the bulge). Recent simulations suggest that a dark matter area, also containing some visible stars, may extend up to a diameter of almost 2 million light-years (613 kpc).[23][24] The Milky Way has several satellite galaxies and is part of the Local Group of galaxies, which form part of the Virgo Supercluster, which is itself a component of the Laniakea Supercluster.[25][26]
It is estimated to contain 100–400 billion stars[27][28] and at least that number of planets.[29][30] The Solar System is located at a radius of about 27,000 light-years (8.3 kpc) from the Galactic Center,[31] on the inner edge of the Orion Arm, one of the spiral-shaped concentrations of gas and dust. The stars in the innermost 10,000 light-years form a bulge and one or more bars that radiate from the bulge. The Galactic Center is an intense radio source known as Sagittarius A*, a supermassive black hole of 4.100 (± 0.034) million solar masses.[32][33] Stars and gases at a wide range of distances from the Galactic Center orbit at approximately 220 kilometers per second. The constant rotational speed appears to contradict the laws of Keplerian dynamics and suggests that much (about 90%)[34][35] of the mass of the Milky Way is invisible to telescopes, neither emitting nor absorbing electromagnetic radiation. This conjectural mass has been termed "dark matter".[36] The rotational period is about 212 million years at the radius of the Sun.[13]
The Milky Way as a whole is moving at a velocity of approximately 600 km per second with respect to extragalactic frames of reference. The oldest stars in the Milky Way are nearly as old as the Universe itself and thus probably formed shortly after the Dark Ages of the Big Bang.[37]
Contents
Etymology and mythology[edit]
In the Babylonian epic poem Enūma Eliš, the Milky Way is created from the severed tail of the primeval salt water dragoness Tiamat, set in the sky by Marduk, the Babylonian national god, after slaying her.[38][39] This story was once thought to have been based on an older Sumerian version in which Tiamat is instead slain by Enlilof Nippur,[40][41] but is now thought to be purely an invention of Babylonian propagandists with the intention to show Marduk as superior to the Sumerian deities.[41]
In Greek mythology, Zeus places his son born by a mortal woman, the infant Heracles, on Hera's breast while she is asleep so the baby will drink her divine milk and thus become immortal. Hera wakes up while breastfeeding and then realizes she is nursing an unknown baby: she pushes the baby away, some of her milk spills, and it produces the band of light known as the Milky Way. In another Greek story, the abandoned Heracles is given by Athena to Hera for feeding, but Heracles' forcefulness causes Athena to rip him from her breast in pain.[42][43][44]
Llys Dôn (literally "The Court of Dôn") is the traditional Welsh name for the constellation Cassiopeia. At least three of Dôn's children also have astronomical associations: Caer Gwydion ("The fortress of Gwydion") is the traditional Welsh name for the Milky Way,[45][46] and Caer Arianrhod ("The Fortress of Arianrhod") being the constellation of Corona Borealis.[47][48]
In western culture, the name "Milky Way" is derived from its appearance as a dim un-resolved "milky" glowing band arching across the night sky. The term is a translation of the Classical Latin via lactea, in turn derived from the Hellenistic Greek γαλαξίας, short for γαλαξίας κύκλος (galaxías kýklos), meaning "milky circle". The Ancient Greek γαλαξίας (galaxias) – from root γαλακτ-, γάλα ("milk") + -ίας (forming adjectives) – is also the root of "galaxy", the name for our, and later all such, collections of stars.[18][49][50][51]
The Milky Way, or "milk circle", was just one of 11 "circles" the Greeks identified in the sky, others being the zodiac, the meridian, the horizon, the equator, the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, the Arctic Circleand the Antarctic Circle, and two colure circles passing through both poles.[52]
Appearance[edit]
The Milky Way is visible as a hazy band of white light, some 30° wide, arching the night sky.[53] Although all the individual naked-eye stars in the entire sky are part of the Milky Way Galaxy, the term "Milky Way" is limited to this band of light.[54][55] The light originates from the accumulation of unresolved stars and other material located in the direction of the galactic plane. Brighter regions around the band appear as soft visual patches known as star clouds. The most conspicuous of these is the Large Sagittarius Star Cloud, a portion of the central bulge of the galaxy.[56] Dark regions within the band, such as the Great Rift and the Coalsack, are areas where interstellar dust blocks light from distant stars. Peoples of the southern hemisphere, including the Inca and Australian aborigines, identified these regions as dark cloud constellations.[57] The area of sky that the Milky Way obscures is called the Zone of Avoidance.[58]
The Milky Way has a relatively low surface brightness. Its visibility can be greatly reduced by background light, such as light pollution or moonlight. The sky needs to be darker than about 20.2 magnitude per square arcsecond in order for the Milky Way to be visible.[59] It should be visible if the limiting magnitude is approximately +5.1 or better and shows a great deal of detail at +6.1.[60] This makes the Milky Way difficult to see from brightly lit urban or suburban areas, but very prominent when viewed from rural areas when the Moon is below the horizon.[c] Maps of artificial night sky brightness show that more than one-third of Earth's population cannot see the Milky Way from their homes due to light pollution.[61]
As viewed from Earth, the visible region of the Milky Way's galactic plane occupies an area of the sky that includes 30 constellations.[d] The Galactic Center lies in the direction of Sagittarius, where the Milky Way is brightest. From Sagittarius, the hazy band of white light appears to pass around to the galactic anticenter in Auriga. The band then continues the rest of the way around the sky, back to Sagittarius, dividing the sky into two roughly equal hemispheres.[citation needed]
The galactic plane is inclined by about 60° to the ecliptic (the plane of Earth's orbit). Relative to the celestial equator, it passes as far north as the constellation of Cassiopeia and as far south as the constellation of Crux, indicating the high inclination of Earth's equatorial plane and the plane of the ecliptic, relative to the galactic plane. The north galactic pole is situated at right ascension 12h 49m, declination +27.4° (B1950) near β Comae Berenices, and the south galactic pole is near α Sculptoris. Because of this high inclination, depending on the time of night and year, the Milky Way arch may appear relatively low or relatively high in the sky. For observers from latitudes approximately 65° north to 65° south, the Milky Way passes directly overhead twice a day.[citation needed]
The Milky Way arching at a high inclination across the night sky, (this composited panorama was taken at Paranal Observatory in northern Chile); the Magellanic Clouds can be seen on the left; the bright object near top center is Jupiter in the constellation Sagittarius, and the orange glow at the horizon on the right is Antofagasta city with a jet trail above it; galactic north is downward.
Astronomical history[edit]
In Meteorologica, Aristotle (384–322 BC) states that the Greek philosophers Anaxagoras (c. 500–428 BC) and Democritus (460–370 BC) proposed that the Milky Way is the glow of stars not directly visible due to Earth's shadow, while other stars receive their light from the Sun (but have their glow obscured by solar rays).[62] Aristotle himself believed that the Milky Way was part of the Earth's upper atmosphere (along with the stars), and that it was a byproduct of stars burning that did not dissipate because of its outermost location in the atmosphere (composing its great circle). He also said that the Milky appearance of the Milky Way galaxy was due to the refraction of the earth's atmosphere.[63][64][65] The Neoplatonist philosopher Olympiodorus the Younger (c. 495–570 AD) criticized this view, arguing that if the Milky Way were sublunary, it should appear different at different times and places on Earth, and that it should have parallax, which it does not. In his view, the Milky Way is celestial. This idea would be influential later in the Muslim world.[66]
The Persian astronomer Al-Biruni (973–1048) proposed that the Milky Way is "a collection of countless fragments of the nature of nebulous stars".[67] The Andalusianastronomer Avempace (d 1138) proposed the Milky Way to be made up of many stars but appears to be a continuous image in the Earth's atmosphere, citing his observation of a conjunction of Jupiter and Mars in 1106 or 1107 as evidence.[64] The Persian astronomer Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) in his Tadhkira wrote: "The Milky Way, i.e. the Galaxy, is made up of a very large number of small, tightly clustered stars, which, on account of their concentration and smallness, seem to be cloudy patches. Because of this, it was likened to milk in color."[68] Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (1292–1350) proposed that the Milky Way is "a myriad of tiny stars packed together in the sphere of the fixed stars".[69]
Proof of the Milky Way consisting of many stars came in 1610 when Galileo Galilei used a telescope to study the Milky Way and discovered that it is composed of a huge number of faint stars. Galileo also concluded that the appearance of the Milky Way was due to refraction of the Earth's atmosphere .[70][71][63] In a treatise in 1755, Immanuel Kant, drawing on earlier work by Thomas Wright,[72] speculated (correctly) that the Milky Way might be a rotating body of a huge number of stars, held together by gravitational forces akin to the Solar System but on much larger scales.[73] The resulting disk of stars would be seen as a band on the sky from our perspective inside the disk. Wright and Kant also conjectured that some of the nebulae visible in the night sky might be separate "galaxies" themselves, similar to our own. Kant referred to both the Milky Way and the "extragalactic nebulae" as "island universes", a term still current up to the 1930s.[74][75][76]
The first attempt to describe the shape of the Milky Way and the position of the Sun within it was carried out by William Herschel in 1785 by carefully counting the number of stars in different regions of the visible sky. He produced a diagram of the shape of the Milky Way with the Solar System close to the center.[77]
In 1845, Lord Rosse constructed a new telescope and was able to distinguish between elliptical and spiral-shaped nebulae. He also managed to make out individual point sources in some of these nebulae, lending credence to Kant's earlier conjecture.[78][79]
In 1904, studying the proper motions of stars, Jacobus Kapteyn reported that these were not random, as it was believed in that time; stars could be divided into two streams, moving in nearly opposite directions.[80] It was later realized that Kapteyn's data had been the first evidence of the rotation of our galaxy,[81] which ultimately led to the finding of galactic rotation by Bertil Lindblad and Jan Oort.[citation needed]
In 1917, Heber Curtis had observed the nova S Andromedae within the Great Andromeda Nebula (Messier object 31). Searching the photographic record, he found 11 more novae. Curtis noticed that these novae were, on average, 10 magnitudes fainter than those that occurred within the Milky Way. As a result, he was able to come up with a distance estimate of 150,000 parsecs. He became a proponent of the "island universes" hypothesis, which held that the spiral nebulae were independent galaxies.[82][83] In 1920 the Great Debate took place between Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis, concerning the nature of the Milky Way, spiral nebulae, and the dimensions of the Universe. To support his claim that the Great Andromeda Nebula is an external galaxy, Curtis noted the appearance of dark lanes resembling the dust clouds in the Milky Way, as well as the significant Doppler shift.[84]
The controversy was conclusively settled by Edwin Hubble in the early 1920s using the Mount Wilson observatory 2.5 m (100 in) Hooker telescope. With the light-gathering power of this new telescope, he was able to produce astronomical photographs that resolved the outer parts of some spiral nebulae as collections of individual stars. He was also able to identify some Cepheid variables that he could use as a benchmark to estimate the distance to the nebulae. He found that the Andromeda Nebula is 275,000 parsecs from the Sun, far too distant to be part of the Milky Way.[85][86]
Astrography[edit]
The ESA spacecraft Gaia provides distance estimates by determining the parallax of a billion stars and is mapping the Milky Way with four planned releases of maps in 2016, 2018, 2021 and 2024.[87][88] Data from Gala has been described as "transformational". It has been estimated that Gaia has expanded the number of observations of stars from about 2 million stars as of the 1990s to 2 billion. It has expanded the measurable volume of space by a factor of 100 in radius and a factor of 1,000 in precision.[89] A study in 2020 concluded that Gaia detected a wobbling motion of the galaxy, which might be caused by "torques from a misalignment of the disc's rotation axis with respect to the principal axis of a non-spherical halo, or from accreted matter in the halo acquired during late infall, or from nearby, interacting satellite galaxies and their consequent tides".[90]
Sun's location and neighborhood[edit]
The Sun is near the inner rim of the Orion Arm, within the Local Fluff of the Local Bubble, between the Radcliffe waveand Split linear structures (formerly Gould Belt).[91] Based upon studies of stellar orbits around Sgr A* by Gillessen et al.(2016), the Sun lies at an estimated distance of 27.14 ± 0.46 kly (8.32 ± 0.14 kpc)[31] from the Galactic Center. Boehle et al. (2016) found a smaller value of 25.64 ± 0.46 kly (7.86 ± 0.14 kpc), also using a star orbit analysis.[92] The Sun is currently 5–30 parsecs (16–98 ly) above, or north of, the central plane of the Galactic disk.[93] The distance between the local arm and the next arm out, the Perseus Arm, is about 2,000 parsecs (6,500 ly).[94] The Sun, and thus the Solar System, is located in the Milky Way's galactic habitable zone.[95][96]
There are about 208 stars brighter than absolute magnitude 8.5 within a sphere with a radius of 15 parsecs (49 ly) from the Sun, giving a density of one star per 69 cubic parsecs, or one star per 2,360 cubic light-years (from List of nearest bright stars). On the other hand, there are 64 known stars (of any magnitude, not counting 4 brown dwarfs) within 5 parsecs (16 ly) of the Sun, giving a density of about one star per 8.2 cubic parsecs, or one per 284 cubic light-years (from List of nearest stars). This illustrates the fact that there are far more faint stars than bright stars: in the entire sky, there are about 500 stars brighter than apparent magnitude 4 but 15.5 million stars brighter than apparent magnitude 14.[97]
The apex of the Sun's way, or the solar apex, is the direction that the Sun travels through space in the Milky Way. The general direction of the Sun's Galactic motion is towards the star Vega near the constellation of Hercules, at an angle of roughly 60 sky degrees to the direction of the Galactic Center. The Sun's orbit about the Milky Way is expected to be roughly elliptical with the addition of perturbations due to the Galactic spiral arms and non-uniform mass distributions. In addition, the Sun passes through the Galactic plane approximately 2.7 times per orbit.[98] This is very similar to how a simple harmonic oscillator works with no drag force (damping) term. These oscillations were until recently thought to coincide with mass lifeform extinction periods on Earth.[99] A reanalysis of the effects of the Sun's transit through the spiral structure based on CO data has failed to find a correlation.[100]
It takes the Solar System about 240 million years to complete one orbit of the Milky Way (a galactic year),[101] so the Sun is thought to have completed 18–20 orbits during its lifetime and 1/1250 of a revolution since the origin of humans. The orbital speed of the Solar System about the center of the Milky Way is approximately 220 km/s (490,000 mph) or 0.073% of the speed of light. The Sun moves through the heliosphere at 84,000 km/h (52,000 mph). At this speed, it takes around 1,400 years for the Solar System to travel a distance of 1 light-year, or 8 days to travel 1 AU (astronomical unit).[102] The Solar System is headed in the direction of the zodiacal constellation Scorpius, which follows the ecliptic.[103]
Galactic quadrants[edit]
A galactic quadrant, or quadrant of the Milky Way, refers to one of four circular sectors in the division of the Milky Way. In astronomical practice, the delineation of the galactic quadrants is based upon the galactic coordinate system, which places the Sun as the origin of the mapping system.[104]
Quadrants are described using ordinals – for example, "1st galactic quadrant",[105] "second galactic quadrant",[106] or "third quadrant of the Milky Way".[107] Viewing from the north galactic pole with 0° (zero degrees) as the ray that runs starting from the Sun and through the Galactic Center, the quadrants are:
with the galactic longitude (ℓ) increasing in the counter-clockwise direction (positive rotation) as viewed from north of the Galactic Center (a view-point several hundred thousand light-years distant from Earth in the direction of the constellation Coma Berenices); if viewed from south of the Galactic Center (a view-point similarly distant in the constellation Sculptor), ℓ would increase in the clockwise direction (negative rotation).
Size and mass[edit]
Size[edit]
The Milky Way is one of the two largest galaxies in the Local Group (the other being the Andromeda Galaxy), although the size for its galactic disc and how much it defines the isophotal diameter is not well understood.[109] It is estimated that the significant bulk of stars in the galaxy lies within the 26 kiloparsecs (80,000 light-years) diameter, and that the number of stars beyond the outermost disc dramatically reduces to a very low number, with respect to an extrapolation of the exponential disk with the scale length of the inner disc.[110][109]
There are several methods being used in astronomy in defining the size of a galaxy, and each of them can yield different results with respect to one another. The most commonly employed method is the D25 standard – the isophote where the photometric brightness of a galaxy in the B-band (445 nm wavelength of light, in the blue part of the visible spectrum) reaches 25 mag/arcsec2.[111] An estimate from 1997 by Goodwin and others compared the distribution of Cepheid variable stars in 17 other spiral galaxies to the ones in the Milky Way, and modelling the relationship to their surface brightnesses. This gave an isophotal diameter for the Milky Way at 26.8 ± 1.1 kiloparsecs (87,400 ± 3,590 light-years), by assuming that the galactic disc is well represented by an exponential disc and adopting a central surface brightness of the galaxy (µ0) of 22.1±0.3 B-mag/arcsec−2 and a disk scale length (h) of 5.0 ± 0.5 kpc (16,000 ± 1,600 ly).[112][8][113] This is significantly smaller than the Andromeda Galaxy's isophotal diameter, and slightly below the mean isophotal sizes of the galaxies being at 28.3 kpc (92,000 ly).[8] The paper concludes that the Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy were not overly large spiral galaxies and as well as one of the largest known (if the former not being the largest) as previously widely believed, but rather average ordinary spiral galaxies.[114] To compare the relative physical scale of the Milky Way, if the Solar System out to Neptune were the size of a US quarter (24.3 mm (0.955 in)), the Milky Way would be approximately at least the greatest north–south line of the contiguous United States.[115] An even older study from 1978 gave a lower diameter for Milky Way about 23 kpc (75,000 ly).[8]
A 2015 paper discovered that there is a ring-like filament of stars called Triangulum–Andromeda Ring (TriAnd Ring) rippling above and below the relatively flat galactic plane, which alongside Monoceros Ring were both suggested to be primarily the result of disk oscillations and wrapping around the Milky Way, at a diameter of at least 50 kpc (160,000 ly),[116] which may be part of the Milky Way's outer disk itself, hence making the stellar disk larger by increasing to this size.[117] However, a more recent 2018 paper later somewhat ruled out this hypothesis, and supported a conclusion that the Monoceros Ring, A13 and TriAnd Ring were stellar overdensities rather kicked out from the main stellar disk, with the velocity dispersion of the RR Lyrae stars found to be higher and consistent with halo membership.[118] Another 2018 study revealed the very probable presence of disk stars at 26–31.5 kpc (84,800–103,000 ly) from the Galactic Center or perhaps even farther, significantly beyond approximately 13–20 kpc (40,000–70,000 ly), in which it was once believed to be the abrupt drop-off of the stellar density of the disk, meaning that few or no stars were expected to be above this limit, save for stars that belong to the old population of the galactic halo.[109][119][120]
A 2020 study predicted the edge of the Milky Way's dark matter halo being around 292 ± 61 kpc (952,000 ± 199,000 ly), which translates to a diameter of 584 ± 122 kpc (1.905 ± 0.3979 Mly).[23][24] The Milky Way's stellar disk is also estimated to be approximately up to 1.35 kpc (4,000 ly) thick.[121][122]
Mass[edit]
The Milky Way is approximately 890 billion to 1.54 trillion times the mass of the Sun in total (8.9×1011 to 1.54×1012 solar masses),[34][35][123] although stars and planets make up only a small part of this. Estimates of the mass of the Milky Way vary, depending upon the method and data used. The low end of the estimate range is 5.8×1011 solar masses (M☉), somewhat less than that of the Andromeda Galaxy.[124][125][126] Measurements using the Very Long Baseline Array in 2009 found velocities as large as 254 km/s (570,000 mph) for stars at the outer edge of the Milky Way.[127] Because the orbital velocity depends on the total mass inside the orbital radius, this suggests that the Milky Way is more massive, roughly equaling the mass of Andromeda Galaxy at 7×1011 M☉ within 160,000 ly (49 kpc) of its center.[128] In 2010, a measurement of the radial velocity of halo stars found that the mass enclosed within 80 kiloparsecs is 7×1011 M☉.[129] According to a study published in 2014, the mass of the entire Milky Way is estimated to be 8.5×1011 M☉,[130] but this is only half the mass of the Andromeda Galaxy.[130] A recent 2019 mass estimate for the Milky Way is 1.29×1012 M☉.[131]
Much of the mass of the Milky Way seems to be dark matter, an unknown and invisible form of matter that interacts gravitationally with ordinary matter. A dark matter halo is conjectured to spread out relatively uniformly to a distance beyond one hundred kiloparsecs (kpc) from the Galactic Center. Mathematical models of the Milky Way suggest that the mass of dark matter is 1–1.5×1012 M☉.[132][133][134] 2013 and 2014 studies indicate a range in mass, as large as 4.5×1012 M☉[135] and as small as 8×1011 M☉.[136] By comparison, the total mass of all the stars in the Milky Way is estimated to be between 4.6×1010 M☉[137]and 6.43×1010 M☉.[132] In addition to the stars, there is also interstellar gas, comprising 90% hydrogen and 10% helium by mass,[138] with two thirds of the hydrogen found in the atomic form and the remaining one-third as molecular hydrogen.[139] The mass of the Milky Way's interstellar gas is equal to between 10%[139] and 15%[138] of the total mass of its stars. Interstellar dust accounts for an additional 1% of the total mass of the gas.[138]
In March 2019, astronomers reported that the virial mass of the Milky Way galaxy is 1.54 trillion solar masses within a radius of about 39.5 kpc (130,000 ly), over twice as much as was determined in earlier studies, and suggesting that about 90% of the mass of the galaxy is dark matter.[34][35]
Contents[edit]
The Milky Way contains between 100 and 400 billion stars[9][10] and at least that many planets.[140] An exact figure would depend on counting the number of very-low-mass stars, which are difficult to detect, especially at distances of more than 300 ly (90 pc) from the Sun. As a comparison, the neighboring Andromeda Galaxy contains an estimated one trillion (1012) stars.[141] The Milky Way may contain ten billion white dwarfs, a billion neutron stars, and a hundred million stellar black holes.[e][142][143] Filling the space between the stars is a disk of gas and dust called the interstellar medium. This disk has at least a comparable extent in radius to the stars,[144] whereas the thickness of the gas layer ranges from hundreds of light-years for the colder gas to thousands of light-years for warmer gas.[145][146]
The disk of stars in the Milky Way does not have a sharp edge beyond which there are no stars. Rather, the concentration of stars decreases with distance from the center of the Milky Way. For reasons that are not understood, beyond a radius of roughly 40,000 light years (13 kpc) from the center, the number of stars per cubic parsec drops much faster with radius.[110] Surrounding the galactic disk is a spherical galactic halo of stars and globular clusters that extends farther outward, but is limited in size by the orbits of two Milky Way satellites, the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, whose closest approach to the Galactic Center is about 180,000 ly (55 kpc).[147] At this distance or beyond, the orbits of most halo objects would be disrupted by the Magellanic Clouds. Hence, such objects would probably be ejected from the vicinity of the Milky Way. The integrated absolute visual magnitude of the Milky Way is estimated to be around −20.9.[148][149][f]
Both gravitational microlensing and planetary transit observations indicate that there may be at least as many planets bound to stars as there are stars in the Milky Way,[29][150] and microlensing measurements indicate that there are more rogue planets not bound to host stars than there are stars.[151][152] The Milky Way contains at least one planet per star, resulting in 100–400 billion planets, according to a January 2013 study of the five-planet star system Kepler-32 by the Kepler space observatory.[30] A different January 2013 analysis of Kepler data estimated that at least 17 billion Earth-sized exoplanets reside in the Milky Way.[153] On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way.[154][155][156] 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars.[157] The nearest exoplanet may be 4.2 light-years away, orbiting the red dwarf Proxima Centauri, according to a 2016 study.[158] Such Earth-sized planets may be more numerous than gas giants,[29] though harder to detect at great distances given their small size. Besides exoplanets, "exocomets", comets beyond the Solar System, have also been detected and may be common in the Milky Way.[159] More recently, in November 2020, over 300 million habitable exoplanets are estimated to exist in the Milky Way Galaxy.[160]
Structure[edit]
The Milky Way consists of a bar-shaped core region surrounded by a warped disk of gas, dust and stars.[162][163] The mass distribution within the Milky Way closely resembles the type Sbc in the Hubble classification, which represents spiral galaxies with relatively loosely wound arms.[5] Astronomers first began to conjecture that the Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy, rather than an ordinary spiral galaxy, in the 1960s.[164][165][166] These conjectures were confirmed by the Spitzer Space Telescope observations in 2005 that showed the Milky Way's central bar to be larger than previously thought.[167]
Galactic Center[edit]
The Sun is 25,000–28,000 ly (7.7–8.6 kpc) from the Galactic Center. This value is estimated using geometric-based methods or by measuring selected astronomical objects that serve as standard candles, with different techniques yielding various values within this approximate range.[168][92][31][169][170][171]In the inner few kiloparsecs (around 10,000 light-years radius) is a dense concentration of mostly old stars in a roughly spheroidal shape called the bulge.[172] It has been proposed that the Milky Way lacks a bulge due to a collision and merger between previous galaxies, and that instead it only has a pseudobulge formed by its central bar.[173] However, confusion in the literature between the (peanut shell)-shaped structure created by instabilities in the bar, versus a possible bulge with an expected half-light radius of 0.5 kpc, abounds.[174]
The Galactic Center is marked by an intense radio source named Sagittarius A* (pronounced Sagittarius A-star). The motion of material around the center indicates that Sagittarius A* harbors a massive, compact object.[175] This concentration of mass is best explained as a supermassive black hole[g][168][176](SMBH) with an estimated mass of 4.1–4.5 million times the mass of the Sun.[176] The rate of accretion of the SMBH is consistent with an inactive galactic nucleus, being estimated at 1×10−5 M☉ per year.[177] Observations indicate that there are SMBHs located near the center of most normal galaxies.[178][179]
The nature of the Milky Way's bar is actively debated, with estimates for its half-length and orientation spanning from 1 to 5 kpc (3,000–16,000 ly) and 10–50 degrees relative to the line of sight from Earth to the Galactic Center.[170][171][180] Certain authors advocate that the Milky Way features two distinct bars, one nestled within the other.[181] However, RR Lyrae-type stars do not trace a prominent Galactic bar.[171][182][183] The bar may be surrounded by a ring called the "5 kpc ring" that contains a large fraction of the molecular hydrogen present in the Milky Way, as well as most of the Milky Way's star formation activity. Viewed from the Andromeda Galaxy, it would be the brightest feature of the Milky Way.[184] X-ray emission from the core is aligned with the massive stars surrounding the central bar[177] and the Galactic ridge.[185]
Gamma rays and x-rays[edit]
Since 1970, various gamma-ray detection missions have discovered 511-keV gamma rays coming from the general direction of the Galactic Center. These gamma rays are produced by positrons (antielectrons) annihilating with electrons. In 2008 it was found that the distribution of the sources of the gamma rays resembles the distribution of low-mass X-ray binaries, seeming to indicate that these X-ray binaries are sending positrons (and electrons) into interstellar space where they slow down and annihilate.[186][187][188] The observations were both made by NASA and ESA's satellites. In 1970 gamma ray detectors found that the emitting region was about 10,000 light-years across with a luminosity of about 10,000 suns.[187]
In 2010, two gigantic spherical bubbles of high energy gamma-emission were detected to the north and the south of the Milky Way core, using data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The diameter of each of the bubbles is about 25,000 light-years (7.7 kpc) (or about 1/4 of the galaxy's estimated diameter); they stretch up to Grus and to Virgo on the night-sky of the southern hemisphere.[189][190] Subsequently, observations with the Parkes Telescope at radio frequencies identified polarized emission that is associated with the Fermi bubbles. These observations are best interpreted as a magnetized outflow driven by star formation in the central 640 ly (200 pc) of the Milky Way.[191]
Later, on January 5, 2015, NASA reported observing an X-ray flare 400 times brighter than usual, a record-breaker, from Sagittarius A*. The unusual event may have been caused by the breaking apart of an asteroid falling into the black hole or by the entanglement of magnetic field lines within gas flowing into Sagittarius A*.[161]
Spiral arms[edit]
Outside the gravitational influence of the Galactic bar, the structure of the interstellar medium and stars in the disk of the Milky Way is organized into four spiral arms.[192] Spiral arms typically contain a higher density of interstellar gas and dust than the Galactic average as well as a greater concentration of star formation, as traced by H II regions[193][194] and molecular clouds.[195]
The Milky Way's spiral structure is uncertain, and there is currently no consensus on the nature of the Milky Way's arms.[196] Perfect logarithmic spiral patterns only crudely describe features near the Sun,[194][197] because galaxies commonly have arms that branch, merge, twist unexpectedly, and feature a degree of irregularity.[171][197][198] The possible scenario of the Sun within a spur / Local arm[194] emphasizes that point and indicates that such features are probably not unique, and exist elsewhere in the Milky Way.[197] Estimates of the pitch angle of the arms range from about 7° to 25°.[144][199] There are thought to be four spiral arms that all start near the Milky Way Galaxy's center.[200] These are named as follows, with the positions of the arms shown in the image below:
| Color | Arm(s) |
|---|---|
| turquoise | Near 3 kpc Arm and Perseus Arm |
| blue | Norma and Outer arm (Along with extension discovered in 2004[201]) |
| green | Scutum–Centaurus Arm |
| red | Carina–Sagittarius Arm |
| There are at least two smaller arms or spurs, including: | |
| orange | Orion–Cygnus Arm (which contains the Sun and Solar System) |
Two spiral arms, the Scutum–Centaurus arm and the Carina–Sagittarius arm, have tangent points inside the Sun's orbit about the center of the Milky Way. If these arms contain an overdensity of stars compared to the average density of stars in the Galactic disk, it would be detectable by counting the stars near the tangent point. Two surveys of near-infrared light, which is sensitive primarily to red giants and not affected by dust extinction, detected the predicted overabundance in the Scutum–Centaurus arm but not in the Carina–Sagittarius arm: the Scutum–Centaurus Arm contains approximately 30% more red giants than would be expected in the absence of a spiral arm.[199][202] This observation suggests that the Milky Way possesses only two major stellar arms: the Perseus arm and the Scutum–Centaurus arm. The rest of the arms contain excess gas but not excess old stars.[196] In December 2013, astronomers found that the distribution of young stars and star-forming regions matches the four-arm spiral description of the Milky Way.[203][204][205] Thus, the Milky Way appears to have two spiral arms as traced by old stars and four spiral arms as traced by gas and young stars. The explanation for this apparent discrepancy is unclear.[205]
The Near 3 kpc Arm (also called the Expanding 3 kpc Arm or simply the 3 kpc Arm) was discovered in the 1950s by astronomer van Woerden and collaborators through 21 centimeter radio measurements of HI (atomic hydrogen).[206][207] It was found to be expanding away from the central bulge at more than 50 km/s. It is located in the fourth galactic quadrant at a distance of about 5.2 kpc from the Sun and 3.3 kpc from the Galactic Center. The Far 3 kpc Arm was discovered in 2008 by astronomer Tom Dame (Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian). It is located in the first galactic quadrant at a distance of 3 kpc (about 10,000 ly) from the Galactic Center.[207][208]
A simulation published in 2011 suggested that the Milky Way may have obtained its spiral arm structure as a result of repeated collisions with the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy.[209]
It has been suggested that the Milky Way contains two different spiral patterns: an inner one, formed by the Sagittarius arm, that rotates fast and an outer one, formed by the Carina and Perseus arms, whose rotation velocity is slower and whose arms are tightly wound. In this scenario, suggested by numerical simulations of the dynamics of the different spiral arms, the outer pattern would form an outer pseudoring,[210] and the two patterns would be connected by the Cygnus arm.[211]
Outside of the major spiral arms is the Monoceros Ring (or Outer Ring), a ring of gas and stars torn from other galaxies billions of years ago. However, several members of the scientific community recently restated their position affirming the Monoceros structure is nothing more than an over-density produced by the flared and warped thick disk of the Milky Way.[212] The structure of the Milky Way's disk is warped along an "S" curve.[213]
Halo[edit]
The Galactic disk is surrounded by a spheroidal halo of old stars and globular clusters, of which 90% lie within 100,000 light-years (30 kpc) of the Galactic Center.[214] However, a few globular clusters have been found farther, such as PAL 4 and AM 1 at more than 200,000 light-years from the Galactic Center. About 40% of the Milky Way's clusters are on retrograde orbits, which means they move in the opposite direction from the Milky Way rotation.[215] The globular clusters can follow rosette orbits about the Milky Way, in contrast to the elliptical orbit of a planet around a star.[216]
Although the disk contains dust that obscures the view in some wavelengths, the halo component does not. Active star formation takes place in the disk (especially in the spiral arms, which represent areas of high density), but does not take place in the halo, as there is little cool gas to collapse into stars.[101] Open clusters are also located primarily in the disk.[217]
Discoveries in the early 21st century have added dimension to the knowledge of the Milky Way's structure. With the discovery that the disk of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) extends much farther than previously thought,[218] the possibility of the disk of the Milky Way extending farther is apparent, and this is supported by evidence from the discovery of the Outer Arm extension of the Cygnus Arm[201][219] and of a similar extension of the Scutum–Centaurus Arm.[220] With the discovery of the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy came the discovery of a ribbon of galactic debris as the polar orbit of the dwarf and its interaction with the Milky Way tears it apart. Similarly, with the discovery of the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy, it was found that a ring of galactic debris from its interaction with the Milky Way encircles the Galactic disk.[citation needed]
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey of the northern sky shows a huge and diffuse structure (spread out across an area around 5,000 times the size of a full moon) within the Milky Way that does not seem to fit within current models. The collection of stars rises close to perpendicular to the plane of the spiral arms of the Milky Way. The proposed likely interpretation is that a dwarf galaxy is merging with the Milky Way. This galaxy is tentatively named the Virgo Stellar Stream and is found in the direction of Virgo about 30,000 light-years (9 kpc) away.[221]
Gaseous halo[edit]
In addition to the stellar halo, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku have provided evidence that there is a gaseous halo with a large amount of hot gas. The halo extends for hundreds of thousand of light-years, much farther than the stellar halo and close to the distance of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. The mass of this hot halo is nearly equivalent to the mass of the Milky Way itself.[222][223][224] The temperature of this halo gas is between 1 and 2.5 million K (1.8 and 4.5 million °F).[225]
Observations of distant galaxies indicate that the Universe had about one-sixth as much baryonic (ordinary) matter as dark matter when it was just a few billion years old. However, only about half of those baryons are accounted for in the modern Universe based on observations of nearby galaxies like the Milky Way.[226] If the finding that the mass of the halo is comparable to the mass of the Milky Way is confirmed, it could be the identity of the missing baryons around the Milky Way.[226]
Galactic rotation[edit]
The stars and gas in the Milky Way rotate about its center differentially, meaning that the rotation period varies with location. As is typical for spiral galaxies, the orbital speed of most stars in the Milky Way does not depend strongly on their distance from the center. Away from the central bulge or outer rim, the typical stellar orbital speed is between 210 ± 10 km/s (470,000 ± 22,000 mph).[229] Hence the orbital period of the typical star is directly proportional only to the length of the path traveled. This is unlike the situation within the Solar System, where two-body gravitational dynamics dominate, and different orbits have significantly different velocities associated with them. The rotation curve (shown in the figure) describes this rotation. Toward the center of the Milky Way the orbit speeds are too low, whereas beyond 7 kpcs the speeds are too high to match what would be expected from the universal law of gravitation.[citation needed]
If the Milky Way contained only the mass observed in stars, gas, and other baryonic (ordinary) matter, the rotational speed would decrease with distance from the center. However, the observed curve is relatively flat, indicating that there is additional mass that cannot be detected directly with electromagnetic radiation. This inconsistency is attributed to dark matter.[36] The rotation curve of the Milky Way agrees with the universal rotation curve of spiral galaxies, the best evidence for the existence of dark matter in galaxies. Alternatively, a minority of astronomers propose that a modification of the law of gravity may explain the observed rotation curve.[230]
Formation[edit]
History[edit]
The Milky Way began as one or several small overdensities in the mass distribution in the Universe shortly after the Big Bang 13.61 billion years ago.[231][232][233] Some of these overdensities were the seeds of globular clusters in which the oldest remaining stars in what is now the Milky Way formed. Nearly half the matter in the Milky Way may have come from other distant galaxies.[231] Nonetheless, these stars and clusters now comprise the stellar halo of the Milky Way. Within a few billion years of the birth of the first stars, the mass of the Milky Way was large enough so that it was spinning relatively quickly. Due to conservation of angular momentum, this led the gaseous interstellar medium to collapse from a roughly spheroidal shape to a disk. Therefore, later generations of stars formed in this spiral disk. Most younger stars, including the Sun, are observed to be in the disk.[234][235]
Since the first stars began to form, the Milky Way has grown through both galaxy mergers (particularly early in the Milky Way's growth) and accretion of gas directly from the Galactic halo.[235] The Milky Way is currently accreting material from several small galaxies, including two of its largest satellite galaxies, the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, through the Magellanic Stream. Direct accretion of gas is observed in high-velocity clouds like the Smith Cloud.[236][237] Cosmological simulations indicate that, 11 billion years ago, it merged with a particularly large galaxy that has been labeled the Kraken.[238][239]However, properties of the Milky Way such as stellar mass, angular momentum, and metallicity in its outermost regions suggest it has undergone no mergers with large galaxies in the last 10 billion years. This lack of recent major mergers is unusual among similar spiral galaxies; its neighbour the Andromeda Galaxy appears to have a more typical history shaped by more recent mergers with relatively large galaxies.[240][241]
According to recent studies, the Milky Way as well as the Andromeda Galaxy lie in what in the galaxy color–magnitude diagram is known as the "green valley", a region populated by galaxies in transition from the "blue cloud" (galaxies actively forming new stars) to the "red sequence" (galaxies that lack star formation). Star-formation activity in green valley galaxies is slowing as they run out of star-forming gas in the interstellar medium. In simulated galaxies with similar properties, star formation will typically have been extinguished within about five billion years from now, even accounting for the expected, short-term increase in the rate of star formation due to the collision between both the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy.[242] In fact, measurements of other galaxies similar to the Milky Way suggest it is among the reddest and brightest spiral galaxies that are still forming new stars and it is just slightly bluer than the bluest red sequence galaxies.[243]
Age and cosmological history[edit]
Globular clusters are among the oldest objects in the Milky Way, which thus set a lower limit on the age of the Milky Way. The ages of individual stars in the Milky Way can be estimated by measuring the abundance of long-lived radioactive elements such as thorium-232 and uranium-238, then comparing the results to estimates of their original abundance, a technique called nucleocosmochronology. These yield values of about 12.5 ± 3 billion years for CS 31082-001[245] and 13.8 ± 4 billion years for BD +17° 3248.[246] Once a white dwarf is formed, it begins to undergo radiative cooling and the surface temperature steadily drops. By measuring the temperatures of the coolest of these white dwarfs and comparing them to their expected initial temperature, an age estimate can be made. With this technique, the age of the globular cluster M4 was estimated as 12.7 ± 0.7 billion years. Age estimates of the oldest of these clusters gives a best fit estimate of 12.6 billion years, and a 95% confidence upper limit of 16 billion years.[247]
In November 2018, astronomers reported the discovery of one of the oldest stars in the universe. About 13.5 billion-years-old, 2MASS J18082002-5104378 B is a tiny ultra metal-poor (UMP) star made almost entirely of materials released from the Big Bang, and is possibly one of the first stars. The discovery of the star in the Milky Way galaxy suggests that the galaxy may be at least 3 billion years older than previously thought.[248][249][250]
Several individual stars have been found in the Milky Way's halo with measured ages very close to the 13.80-billion-year age of the Universe. In 2007, a star in the galactic halo, HE 1523-0901, was estimated to be about 13.2 billion years old. As the oldest known object in the Milky Way at that time, this measurement placed a lower limit on the age of the Milky Way.[251] This estimate was made using the UV-Visual Echelle Spectrograph of the Very Large Telescope to measure the relative strengths of spectral lines caused by the presence of thorium and other elements created by the R-process. The line strengths yield abundances of different elemental isotopes, from which an estimate of the age of the star can be derived using nucleocosmochronology.[251]Another star, HD 140283, is 14.5 ± 0.7 billion years old.[37][252]
According to observations utilizing adaptive optics to correct for Earth's atmospheric distortion, stars in the galaxy's bulge date to about 12.8 billion years old.[253]
The age of stars in the galactic thin disk has also been estimated using nucleocosmochronology. Measurements of thin disk stars yield an estimate that the thin disk formed 8.8 ± 1.7 billion years ago. These measurements suggest there was a hiatus of almost 5 billion years between the formation of the galactic halo and the thin disk.[254] Recent analysis of the chemical signatures of thousands of stars suggests that stellar formation might have dropped by an order of magnitude at the time of disk formation, 10 to 8 billion years ago, when interstellar gas was too hot to form new stars at the same rate as before.[255]
The satellite galaxies surrounding the Milky way are not randomly distributed but seem to be the result of a break-up of some larger system producing a ring structure 500,000 light-years in diameter and 50,000 light-years wide.[256] Close encounters between galaxies, like that expected in 4 billion years with the Andromeda Galaxy rips off huge tails of gas, which, over time can coalesce to form dwarf galaxies in a ring at an arbitrary angle to the main disc.[257]
Intergalactic neighbourhood[edit]
The Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy are a binary system of giant spiral galaxies belonging to a group of 50 closely bound galaxies known as the Local Group, surrounded by a Local Void, itself being part of the Local Sheet[258] and in turn the Virgo Supercluster. Surrounding the Virgo Supercluster are a number of voids, devoid of many galaxies, the Microscopium Void to the "north", the Sculptor Void to the "left", the Boötes Void to the "right" and the Canes-Major Void to the "south". These voids change shape over time, creating filamentous structures of galaxies. The Virgo Supercluster, for instance, is being drawn towards the Great Attractor,[259]which in turn forms part of a greater structure, called Laniakea.[260]
Two smaller galaxies and a number of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group orbit the Milky Way. The largest of these is the Large Magellanic Cloud with a diameter of 32,200 light-years.[261] It has a close companion, the Small Magellanic Cloud. The Magellanic Stream is a stream of neutral hydrogen gas extending from these two small galaxies across 100° of the sky. The stream is thought to have been dragged from the Magellanic Clouds in tidal interactions with the Milky Way.[262] Some of the dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way are Canis Major Dwarf (the closest), Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy, Ursa Minor Dwarf, Sculptor Dwarf, Sextans Dwarf, Fornax Dwarf, and Leo I Dwarf. The smallest dwarf galaxies of the Milky Way are only 500 light-years in diameter. These include Carina Dwarf, Draco Dwarf, and Leo II Dwarf. There may still be undetected dwarf galaxies that are dynamically bound to the Milky Way, which is supported by the detection of nine new satellites of the Milky Way in a relatively small patch of the night sky in 2015.[263] There are also some dwarf galaxies that have already been absorbed by the Milky Way, such as the progenitor of Omega Centauri.[264]
In 2014 researchers reported that most satellite galaxies of the Milky Way lie in a very large disk and orbit in the same direction.[265] This came as a surprise: according to standard cosmology, the satellite galaxies should form in dark matter halos, and they should be widely distributed and moving in random directions. This discrepancy is still not fully explained.[266]
In January 2006, researchers reported that the heretofore unexplained warp in the disk of the Milky Way has now been mapped and found to be a ripple or vibration set up by the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds as they orbit the Milky Way, causing vibrations when they pass through its edges. Previously, these two galaxies, at around 2% of the mass of the Milky Way, were considered too small to influence the Milky Way. However, in a computer model, the movement of these two galaxies creates a dark matter wake that amplifies their influence on the larger Milky Way.[267]
Current measurements suggest the Andromeda Galaxy is approaching us at 100 to 140 km/s (220,000 to 310,000 mph). In 4.3 billion years, there may be an Andromeda–Milky Way collision, depending on the importance of unknown lateral components to the galaxies' relative motion. If they collide, the chance of individual stars colliding with each other is extremely low,[268] but instead the two galaxies will merge to form a single elliptical galaxy or perhaps a large disk galaxy[269] over the course of about six billion years.[270]
Velocity[edit]
Although special relativity states that there is no "preferred" inertial frame of reference in space with which to compare the Milky Way, the Milky Way does have a velocity with respect to cosmological frames of reference.
One such frame of reference is the Hubble flow, the apparent motions of galaxy clusters due to the expansion of space. Individual galaxies, including the Milky Way, have peculiar velocities relative to the average flow. Thus, to compare the Milky Way to the Hubble flow, one must consider a volume large enough so that the expansion of the Universe dominates over local, random motions. A large enough volume means that the mean motion of galaxies within this volume is equal to the Hubble flow. Astronomers believe the Milky Way is moving at approximately 630 km/s (1,400,000 mph) with respect to this local co-moving frame of reference.[271][272] The Milky Way is moving in the general direction of the Great Attractor and other galaxy clusters, including the Shapley Supercluster, behind it.[273] The Local Group (a cluster of gravitationally bound galaxies containing, among others, the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy) is part of a supercluster called the Local Supercluster, centered near the Virgo Cluster: although they are moving away from each other at 967 km/s (2,160,000 mph) as part of the Hubble flow, this velocity is less than would be expected given the 16.8 million pc distance due to the gravitational attraction between the Local Group and the Virgo Cluster.[274]
Another reference frame is provided by the cosmic microwave background (CMB), in which the CMB temperature is least distorted by Doppler shift (zero dipole moment). The Milky Way is moving at 552 ± 6 km/s (1,235,000 ± 13,000 mph)[16] with respect to this frame, toward 10.5 right ascension, −24° declination (J2000 epoch, near the center of Hydra). This motion is observed by satellites such as the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) and the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) as a dipole contribution to the CMB, as photons in equilibrium in the CMB frame get blue-shifted in the direction of the motion and red-shifted in the opposite direction.[16]
Presents, a Life with a Plan. My name is Karen Anastasia Placek, I am the author of this Google Blog. This is the story of my journey, a quest to understanding more than myself. The title of my first blog delivered more than a million views!! The title is its work as "The Secret of the Universe is Choice!; know decision" will be the next global slogan. Placed on T-shirts, Jackets, Sweatshirts, it really doesn't matter, 'cause a picture with my slogan is worth more than a thousand words, it's worth??.......Know Conversation!!! An Independent Mind, Knot Logic
An Independent Mind, Knot Logic
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- Karen Placek
- Presents, a Life with a Plan. My name is Karen Anastasia Placek, I am the author of this Google Blog. This is the story of my journey, a quest to understanding more than myself. The title of my first blog delivered more than a million views!! The title is its work as "The Secret of the Universe is Choice!; know decision" will be the next global slogan. Placed on T-shirts, Jackets, Sweatshirts, it really doesn't matter, 'cause a picture with my slogan is worth more than a thousand words, it's worth??.......Know Conversation!!!
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You searched for
"LOVE" in the KJV Bible
DID YOU MEAN?
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- Luke 6:32chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For if ye love them which love you, what thank have ye? for sinners also love those that love them.
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- There is no fear in love; but perfect love casteth out fear: because fear hath torment. He that feareth is not made perfect in love.
- Hosea 3:1chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then said the LORD unto me, Go yet, love a woman beloved of her friend, yet an adulteress, according to the love of the LORD toward the children of Israel, who look to other gods, and love flagons of wine.
- 1 Thessalonians 4:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But as touching brotherly love ye need not that I write unto you: for ye yourselves are taught of God to love one another.
- 2 Samuel 1:26chapter context similar meaning copy save
- I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan: very pleasant hast thou been unto me: thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women.
- Titus 2:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- That they may teach the young women to be sober, to love their husbands, to lovetheir children,
- 1 John 5:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God, and keep his commandments.
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- No man hath seen God at any time. If we love one another, God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfected in us.
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- For if ye love them which love you, what reward have ye? do not even the publicans the same?
- Romans 13:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Love worketh no ill to his neighbour: therefore love is the fulfilling of the law.
- Proverbs 8:17chapter context similar meaning copy save
- I love them that love me; and those that seek me early shall find me.
- 1 John 2:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him.
- Mark 12:38chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces,
- John 15:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- If ye keep my commandments, ye shall abide in my love; even as I have kept my Father's commandments, and abide in his love.
- 1 John 4:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And we have known and believed the love that God hath to us. God is love; and he that dwelleth in love dwelleth in God, and God in him.
- 1 Peter 1:22chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, see that ye love one another with a pure heart fervently:
- Song of Solomon 8:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Many waters cannot quench love, neither can the floods drown it: if a man would give all the substance of his house for love, it would utterly be contemned.
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- How fair is thy love, my sister, my spouse! how much better is thy love than wine! and the smell of thine ointments than all spices!
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- Beloved, let us love one another: for love is of God; and every one that loveth is born of God, and knoweth God.
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- Draw me, we will run after thee: the king hath brought me into his chambers: we will be glad and rejoice in thee, we will remember thy love more than wine: the upright love thee.
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- A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.
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- Jesus answered and said unto him, If a man love me, he will keep my words: and my Father will love him, and we will come unto him, and make our abode with him.
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- If a man say, I love God, and hateth his brother, he is a liar: for he that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen, how can he love God whom he hath not seen?
- Mark 12:33chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbour as himself, is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.
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- If ye love me, keep my commandments.
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- Let brotherly love continue.
- 1 John 4:19chapter context similar meaning copy save
- We love him, because he first loved us.
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- Wherefore? because I love you not? God knoweth.
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- SAMECH. I hate vain thoughts: but thy law do I love.
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- And if ye lend to them of whom ye hope to receive, what thank have ye? for sinners also lend to sinners, to receive as much again.
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PetSmart
PetSmart location in Modesto, California | |
| Formerly | PetFood Warehouse, PETsMART |
|---|---|
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Retail |
| Founded | August 14, 1986; 39 years agoin Phoenix, Arizona |
| Founder | Jim Dougherty |
| Headquarters | , United States |
Number of locations | 1,600+ (2020)[1] |
Area served | United States Canada |
Key people | Ken C. Hicks (CEO) |
| Products | Pet food, pet supplies |
| Services | Grooming, training, PetsHotel, Doggie Day Camp |
| Revenue | |
| Owner | BC Partners Apollo Global Management |
Number of employees | 56,000 (2020)[3] |
| Divisions | PetSmart Charities |
| Website | www |

PetSmart Inc. is a privately held American chain of pet superstores, which sell pet products, services, and small pets. As of 2020, PetSmart has more than 1,650 stores in the United States and Canada.[1] PetSmart stores sell pet food, pet supplies, pet accessories, and small pets. Stores also provide services including grooming, dog daycare, dog and cat boarding, veterinary care via in-store third-party clinics, and dog training. They also offer dog and cat adoption via in-store adoption centers facilitated by the non-profit PetSmart Charities.
Founded in 1986 by Jim and Janice Dougherty, the company opened its first two stores in 1987 in Phoenix, Arizona, under the name PetFood Warehouse, as warehouse-type stores that sold pet food in bulk at discount prices. Under new leadership the company changed its name to Pet Smart in 1989 and, along with expanding around the country, began a long-term shift away from visually unappealing discount warehouse stores to attractive stores that sold pet food and supplies and offered services such as grooming, adoption events, and vet visits. The company went public via an IPO in 1993, and thereafter increased its nationwide expansion and the types of goods and services it offered.
After opening nearly 300 stores in the United States, in 1996, the company expanded to Canada. Around the same time, it also bought and renamed a pet-store chain in the UK, but the over-priced purchase was a failure financially and operationally, and PETsMART sold the UK chain at a substantial loss to rival UK pet-store Pets at Home, in late 1999. The failed UK expansion brought a loss in profitability and a low point for PETsMART stock in 2000. The company's third CEO, Phil Francis, re-tooled the company by emphasizing employee training and customer service, overhauling operations and systems, redesigning stores for visual appeal, and marketing PETsMART as a one-stop shop for pet products and services. By 2002, the company had fully integrated its in-store, online, and catalog sales. Francis also led the opening of an average of 100 new stores per year from 2002 through 2009.
In 2005, the company changed its name to PetSmart and refocused its branding on "pet parents" who considered their pets part of their families. Differentiating itself by emphasizing its channel-exclusive brands and its in-store services such as grooming, dog training, day care and boarding, veterinary care, and adoption centers, the company nonetheless experienced encroaching competition from big-box stores and online e-tailers. The company was acquired by a private equity consortium led by BC Partners in March 2015. In May 2017 PetSmart purchased the online pet-products e-tailer Chewy as a largely independent subsidiary. Chewy went public in an IPO in June 2019; As of March 2021, PetSmart no longer owns Chewy and they are independently operated companies.
Company history
[edit]Founding and expansion 1986–1993
[edit]PetSmart is originally started as Pet Food Warehouse in 1986. The initial two stores opened their doors in 1987 in Phoenix. Jim and Janice Dougherty conceived the idea of a chain of discount pet-food warehouses, and, with the initial financial backing of Phillips-Van Heusen Corporation, incorporated under the name Pacific Coast Distributing in 1986.[4][5][6] In 1987 they opened their first two superstores, in the Phoenix, Arizona, area, under the name PetFood Warehouse, offering pet food in large quantities for low prices, a new concept at the time.[7][8][4][9] The stores welcomed customers and their pets, which was a first for the retail industry.[4] In 1988 they opened five additional stores in Arizona, Colorado, and Texas,[10] and PetFood Warehouse stores began working with local animal welfare groups to hold fundraising and pet adoption events.[citation needed]
By 1989 PetSmart (name changed from Petfood Warehouse in 1988) continued to grow and began the search for new investors. The company also hired retail veteran Samuel J. Parker as president and CEO. Jim Dougherty retired from PetSmart in January, 1991; thereafter he was retained on a consulting basis with the company. Janice Dougherty retired in 1992. Under Parker's direction, that year the company added pet grooming services in some stores,[6] and departments for birds, fish, and small pets were added.[11] In 1990 mobile vet clinics were brought to stores to administer vaccinations.[6] Parker also redesigned stores to be more inviting, covering cement floors with tiles, widening and brightening aisles, and adding pet accessories and supplies.[12][5]
Parker also led expansion into new markets in the southwest and California, and in 1992 PETsMART opened its 50th store and registered a profit for the first time.[11][5] In-house grooming centers, veterinary clinics, and pet adoption centers began to be included in stores to create one-stop pet stores for services and supplies,[13][11][10] and in 1992 PETsMART introduced its own private-label premium and value brands of cat and dog foods.[13] In-store obedience training was offered.[14] In 1993 Parker was elected Chairman of the company in addition to being President and CEO.[15]
IPO, new services and expansion 1993–1998
[edit]In July 1993, the company went public on the NASDAQ under the ticker "PETM".[14][12] The infusion of capital allowed CEO Parker to expand aggressively across the country, and also to acquire regional and competing companies, in an effort to become the national leader in pet stores in an increasingly competitive market.[10][6][12][16] Its 100th store was opened in 1994.[4]
In 1994, PETsMART Charities, Inc. – now PetSmart Charities – was formed, an independent nonprofit organization to help save the lives of homeless pets by partnering with animal shelters.[17][11] PETsMART had decided not to sell dogs and cats because of the hundreds of thousands of animals that are euthanized each year.[18] Instead, via PetSmart Charities it donates space inside its stores to local humane societies and animal shelters for them to display homeless animals that customers can adopt.[18] PetSmart Charities also offers grant funding and donations to animal-welfare programs and organizations.[17] As of 2020, the organization had facilitated the adoption of more than 9 million dogs and cats.[19]
Also in 1994, PETsMART signed a deal with Banfield Pet Hospital clinics to include their veterinary clinics, initially called VetSmart, in PETsMART stores.[20][6] PetSmart received rent and a share of the profits from the clinics, and had a 20% ownership of Banfield.[20][6][21] By 1996 each new PETsMART store included a clinic,[10] and by 1997 there were vet clinics in 213 North American stores.[13]
PETsMART entered the mail-order catalog business in April 1995,[22] and by 1996 had acquired the leading pet-products catalog business in North America and a major equine products catalog business.[6][13][10] PETsMART Direct, which encompassed several catalogs, was formed in October 1996.[22][15][18][23]
In 1996, the company opened its first eight Canadian stores,[6] and spread to the UK by acquiring and renaming Pet City, the UK's largest pet-products chain which had 50 stores at the time.[6][24][25] Petsmart.com was initiated as an information website.[13] By end of year PETsMART had 320 stores.[13]
Parker had retired as CEO in 1995, naming Mark Hansen as his successor CEO while Parker remained on as chairman.[10][26][15]Years of rapid expansion eventually exacerbated the company's lack of an adequate inventory infrastructure, resulting in heavy losses being reported in early 1997.[27][28] Hansen resigned that year and Parker was brought back in to revive the company as chairman and CEO.[15][26][10] He initiated a series of "Back to Basics" initiatives to get the company on track,[15] and after it returned to profitability[18] he resigned again in March 1998, whereupon board member Phil Francis became president and CEO.[26][15][6]
New leadership begins 1998–2000
[edit]New CEO Francis, a supermarket-chain veteran,[27] emphasized employee training and customer service,[10] and smaller stores with improved and more attractive design.[6] He led PETsMART to increasingly leave behind the warehouse concept in favor of shopper experience, eventually focusing on providing shoppers with a combination of attractive prices, variety, customer service, in-store experience, and ancillary services.[6] He also implemented major efficiencies and cost cuts in payroll, inventory, distribution, supply chain, and purchasing.[27][6]
In 1998 PETsMART opened its 500th store, and by year's end had 423 stores in the U.S., 93 stores in the UK, and 18 in Canada.[13]
Under Francis's direction, in 1999 the company launched an ad campaign promoting PETsMART as a one-stop shop for pet products and services.[6] Medical Management International (MMI), the holding company of Banfield Pet Hospitals, managed all vet clinics in company stores by 1999, and PETsMART acquired a 36% stake in MMI.[13] Eventually, in 2007 PetSmart sold off part of its stake in Banfield/MMI[29] and divested the rest of the stake in 2015,[30] and in 2018 the company began recruiting independent veterinary operators to house clinics inside its stores which did not yet have one.[31][32][33][34]
Also in 1999, to compete with Pets.com, via a joint venture with Idealab the website Petsmart.com became an e-commerce site and a subsidiary of PETsMART.[35][27][10][36][37] In 2000 PETsMART increased its 49.9% stake[18] in Petsmart.com to 81%,[38][39] and in January 2002 acquired the site outright for an additional $9.5 million.[40][41] It fully integrated its online operations and marketing with its existing brick-and-mortar business and with its direct-marketing catalog business.[40][37][16] In December 2000 it had also acquired the domain name Pets.com from the newly defunct e-tailer, and redirected all of its web traffic to Petsmart.com.[36][42]
The 1996 overpriced acquisition of the British chain store Pet City and its transformation into PETsMART UK had proved disastrous financially and operationally,[43][10] and in late 1999 PETsMART sold its acquisition back to a different UK pet retailer, Pets at Home, at a substantial loss.[44][45][10]
Rejuvenation and North American growth 2000–2005
[edit]Although sales went up by over 5% in 2000, the company recorded a $31 million loss for the year,[40] and in mid 2000 its stock price hit an all-time low.[46][13][6][47] In an attempt to bolster growth, the company adopted a new vision statement, "to provide Total Lifetime Care for every pet, every parent, every time."[48][46][49] PETsMART began remodeling all of its stores, creating a new store format that was warmer and friendlier and organized by pet type, and adding emphasis on in-store customer service;[13][18][46][16] by the end of 2003, all stores had the new format.[6] In 2000 the company also re-prioritized and expanded its in-store services such as dog training and grooming.[48][46][13] It also acquired the pet boarding company PetsHotels Plus;[47][13] afterwards, two in-store PETsMART PetsHotels were tested in 2002 in Phoenix.[6] By the end of 2008 over 100 stores had PetsHotels offering daycare for dogs and boarding for dogs and cats,[50][11] and by 2020 there were eight stand-alone PetsHotels and hotels in 207 stores.[34]
In 2001, the company laid out a three-year plan to expand in-store services and products and provide high-quality customer service,[40] and began an extensive training program for its employees, to help them identify customers' needs and provide solutions.[48] In line with its new vision statement, a new ad campaign debuted, "All You Need for the Life of Your Pet".[6]
By early 2002, PETsMART's stock had recovered, more than quadrupling from its low in mid 2000.[16] By the end of 2002 there were Banfield Pet Hospitals in more than half of its 583 stores,[13] PETsMART had eight distribution centers around the country,[13] and the company embarked on a major new expansion opening an average of 100 new stores annually between 2002 and 2009.[6][40]
In 2004, the company launched its PetPerks loyalty card program, which offered promotional discounts and customization to shoppers, allowing PETsMART to also individually promote services or products a given customer had not yet used and to determine the effectiveness of each promotion and the strongest customer brand loyalties.[13][6][47] The company also tested its new concept, Doggie Day Camp daycare for dogs, in a store in Pasadena.[51]
Rename and rebranding 2005–2013
[edit]In 2005, PETsMART rebranded itself PetSmart and embraced a new concept and image which focused on "pet parents" and the trend of humanizing pets.[47][52][53] It introduced a major television ad campaign appealing to pet owners who treated their pets as children or considered them family members.[52][54] The rebranding emphasized the company's focus on being a petcare company which provided services as well as numerous specialty products rather than simply being a big-box discount mart.[52][51][47][13] A new store format, including revamped signage and displays, easier navigation, and in-store pet training centers, accompanied the change in focus.[40][51][13] PetSmart tightened its focus further in 2007 by exiting its equine business.[55]
By 2008 PetSmart had 1000 stores in the U.S. and Canada.[40]
By the mid to late 2000s PetSmart was beginning to experience significant competition from Amazon,[56][57][58][59] Walmart,[60][61] and Target;[61][57][60] Walmart had entered heavily into the pet supplies market and was also beginning to offer services such as grooming.[53][62][63] The company's direct competitor is Petco, a nationwide big-box pet supplies retailer that was sold to private equity owners in 2006.[61][64]
In June 2009, Bob Moran, President and Chief Operating Officer of PetSmart, became CEO, succeeding Francis, who became executive chairman of the board until 2012.[65][66] Moran's vision was to slow the opening of new stores, and to focus instead on improving store productivity by pursuing the company's differentiation strategy, and on reaching its target market and improving its customer focus, especially regarding the humanization of animals.[6][62]
In 2010 PetSmart began to launch a series of exclusive products based on partnerships with high-profile entities like GNC and Martha Stewart, leading to the GNC Pets and Martha Stewart Pets lines.[67][68] These were followed by other exclusive product partnerships, including with Bret Michaels, Toys "R" Us, Marvel Comics, and Tommy Bahama[62][69] and in 2017 with Ellen DeGeneres.[70]
In a planned management succession, after four years at the helm of the company, Moran retired as CEO in June 2013 and was replaced by then President and COO David K. Lenhardt.[71][72]
Private equity ownership 2014 to present
[edit]Although it continued to differentiate itself by stressing and broadening its in-store services such as boarding, grooming, dog training, and veterinary care,[56][8] by 2014, with the increasing competition from online e-tailers PetSmart's profits began to slide, prompting activist investors to call for a buy-out of the company beginning in mid 2014.[73][74][75]
The winner in the bidding war was a consortium of private equity investors led by BC Partners,[76][77][78] which completed a leveraged buyout of PetSmart for $8.7 billion in March 2015.[75][79][80] The company ceased trading on the NASDAQ, and Lenhardt stepped down as CEO, replaced by Michael Massey, formerly CEO of Payless ShoeSource's parent Collective Brands.[79][81][82][83]
Massey and BC Partners replaced seven senior PetSmart managers and a significant portion of VP-level employees, and reorganized the company for quick decision-making.[78] Massey strategically shifted pricing, recalculated inventory shipping, reduced expenses, improved profit margins, and created a 30-person sourcing team in Asia for PetSmart's hard goods.[78]
This overhaul led to an initial increase in profitability,[78] followed by declining sales in PetSmart's brick-and-mortar stores due to online competition.[84][85] To combat this PetSmart purchased the still-unprofitable yet popular pet e-commerce site Chewy as a largely independent subsidiary in May 2017 for $3.35 billion.[86][84][87][88][89] Added to its debt acquired from its 2015 leveraged buyout, this brought PetSmart's total debt load to $8 billion,[84][74][90] which reached $8.6 billion as of February 2019.[91]
PetSmart CEO Massey abruptly resigned in August 2017; pending a replacement Raymond Svider, managing partner at BC Partners, served as executive chairman and oversaw the company with its senior leadership team.[92][93] In May 2018 J.K. Symancyk, previously CEO of Academy Sports + Outdoors, was appointed the new CEO.[94] In June 2018, PetSmart transferred a 20% stake in Chewy to its BC Partners–led parent holding company, and also transferred a 16.5% holding in Chewy to a wholly owned "unrestricted subsidiary" of PetSmart;[84][95][96][97][98] these transactions kept a substantial portion of Chewy out of reach of PetSmart's creditors.[84][96][97]
Chewy went public in an IPO in June 2019.[99][100][101] PetSmart used the proceeds of the IPO to pay down some of its debt.[34]Chewy temporarily remained an independent subsidiary of PetSmart, with PetSmart as its majority owner.[101][100] In late 2020, it was announced that Chewy and PetSmart would split to operate as separate companies.[102]
Leadership
[edit]Since 1989 the CEOs of the company have been:
- Samuel J. Parker (1989–1995)[26]
- Mark Hansen (1995–1997)[103][104][105]
- Samuel J. Parker (interim; 1997–1998)[26]
- Phil Francis (1998–2009)[15][65]
- Bob Moran (2009–2013)[103][65][72]
- David Lenhardt (2013–2015)[72][83]
- Michael J. Massey (2015–2017)[83][92]
- J.K. Symancyk (2018–2024)[106]
- Ken C. Hicks (2024-Present)[107]
Controversies
[edit]In January 2016, PETA released details of an investigation of Holmes Farm, a major supplier of live animals to Petsmart, Petco and Pet Supplies Plus, which highlighted abusive conditions at what is described as a complex of "filthy, windowless warehouses." Small animals such as rabbits, hamsters, rats, mice and gerbils were confined to overcrowded bins and often drank from contaminated water bowls or had no water altogether. Cats, who freely roamed around the facilities, regularly jumped in and out of bins and preyed on the animals within them. PETA's investigators reported that, during their observations, injured animals never received veterinary care, but instead were piled by the dozens in "feces-smeared coolers" and then gassed to death with carbon monoxide; others were put into ziplock bags and frozen to death. Over the span of roughly three months, PETA’s investigator found hundreds of dead animals at the complex, often in habitats which contained no drinking water.[108][109] In May 2016, PetSmart ceased utilizing the rodent dealer Holmes Farm, Inc. in Barto, Pennsylvania, after the dealer was cited for multiple infractions by the U.S. Department of Agriculture during an inspection.[110] The USDA inspection of the rodent dealer had followed the undercover investigation launched in late 2015 by the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA).[110][111]
In February 2016, another PETA investigation discovered rampant abuse and neglect at Mack, an Ohio reptile mill and a supplier for Petsmart, including, among other things, frogs, lizards, turtles and other animals being "crammed into filthy, crowded plastic bins stacked into shelving units like old bank statements. Living beings deprived of water for days or even weeks. Sick and injured animals denied veterinary care. Emaciated, severely dehydrated animals desperate for water. Animals cruelly killed by being gassed or frozen to death." The investigation did not find any abuse from PetSmart employees. The company released a statement saying “We are reviewing the matter internally, and if we find that our standards have not been met, we will take appropriate action immediately."[112][113]
An undercover operation by a PETA employee who got jobs at three PetSmart stores in Arizona,[114] Florida,[115] and Tennessee[114]led to a raid of a PetSmart store in Nashville by authorities in March 2018.[116][117] Six sick or injured small animals – a guinea pig, mice, and hamsters[118] – were confiscated from the store and sent to a veterinary hospital after video and photos were presented by the PETA operative.[116][118] Three employees of the Nashville store – the store manager, assistant store manager, and customer engagement manager – pleaded guilty to animal cruelty in June 2018 and were sentenced to 20 hours of community service and ordered to pay the veterinary bills for the animals seized by Nashville animal care and control authorities.[119] In June 2018 PetSmart filed suit against the undercover employee, on the grounds that she failed to disclose on her job application that she was a paid PETA operative, took secret surveillance videos and photos, and withheld medical care from the animals in question, instead filming them to produce an exposé.[120][121][122] In May 2019 PetSmart added PETA to the lawsuit as a defendant, describing it as a "militant, activist organization" that has "a long history of conducting unlawful, covert operations and infiltrations to eradicate pet ownership".[120][needs update]
In September 2018 NJ Advance Media published the results of a nine-month investigation documenting 47 cases across 14 states since 2008 in which families said their dog had died during or shortly after a grooming visit to PetSmart.[123][124][125][126] Thirty-two of the cases occurred after the start of 2015, the year the private-equity buyout of the company was finalized.[123] In PetSmart's response it said "We reviewed the list of pet names that NJ Advance Media provided, and any assertion that there is a systemic problem is false and fabricated."[127]
In 2021 and 2022 reports published by Vice Media, United for Respect, and World Animal Protection found that since the company was acquired by private equity firm BC Partners in a 2014 leveraged buyout, cost cutting has resulted in unsafe working conditions, inadequate training, understaffing, lack of supplies, consolidation of jobs, and increased animal deaths at multiple PetSmart stores, with freezers overfilled with dead animals. Former employees have reported that PetSmart managers would ask them to take dead animals with them after their shift to dispose of them off the clock.[128][129][130][131]
In July 2025, PetSmart was sued by Colorado Attorney General Phil Weiser, with the lawsuit alleging that the company tricked prospective dog groomers into signing training repayment agreement provision contracts (or TRAPs), "that required them to stay with the company for years or risk paying thousands of dollars."[132]
References
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- ^ Gurley, Lauren Kaori (March 9, 2022). "Some Understaffed PetSmarts Are Dealing With Freezers Overflowing With Dead Pets". Vice. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
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- ^ "Greed Unleashed: PetSmart, BC Partners, and what happens when private equity preys on workers and pets" (PDF). United for Respect. September 2021.
- ^ Holtz, Liz Cabrera (March 9, 2022). "PetSmart's Unsafe Working Conditions Are Killing Animals". World Animal Protection. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
- ^ Garrison, Robert (July 29, 2025). "Colorado AG sues PetSmart for allegedly deceiving dog groomers". Denver 7 Colorado News (KMGH). Archived from the original on August 15, 2025. Retrieved September 17, 2025.
External links
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You searched for
"WATCH" in the KJV Bible
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- Luke 12:38chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And if he shall come in the second watch, or come in the third watch, and find them so, blessed are those servants.
- Habakkuk 2:1chapter context similar meaning copy save
- I will stand upon my watch, and set me upon the tower, and will watch to see what he will say unto me, and what I shall answer when I am reproved.
- Judges 7:19chapter context similar meaning copy save
- So Gideon, and the hundred men that were with him, came unto the outside of the camp in the beginning of the middle watch; and they had but newly set the watch: and they blew the trumpets, and brake the pitchers that were in their hands.
- Psalms 130:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that watch for the morning: I say, more than they that watch for the morning.
- Job 7:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Am I a sea, or a whale, that thou settest a watch over me?
- Psalms 102:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- I watch, and am as a sparrow alone upon the house top.
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- Continue in prayer, and watch in the same with thanksgiving;
- Psalms 141:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Set a watch, O LORD, before my mouth; keep the door of my lips.
- 1 Corinthians 16:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit you like men, be strong.
- Matthew 24:42chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Watch therefore: for ye know not what hour your Lord doth come.
- Matthew 27:65chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Pilate said unto them, Ye have a watch: go your way, make it as sure as ye can.
- Mark 13:33chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Take ye heed, watch and pray: for ye know not when the time is.
- 1 Peter 4:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But the end of all things is at hand: be ye therefore sober, and watch unto prayer.
- Psalms 90:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night.
- 2 Timothy 4:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But watch thou in all things, endure afflictions, do the work of an evangelist, make full proof of thy ministry.
- 1 Thessalonians 5:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Therefore let us not sleep, as do others; but let us watch and be sober.
- Job 14:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For now thou numberest my steps: dost thou not watch over my sin?
- Matthew 26:38chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then saith he unto them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death: tarry ye here, and watch with me.
- Mark 14:38chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Watch ye and pray, lest ye enter into temptation. The spirit truly is ready, but the flesh is weak.
- Genesis 31:49chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Mizpah; for he said, The LORD watch between me and thee, when we are absent one from another.
- Luke 2:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watchover their flock by night.
- Matthew 26:41chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation: the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.
- Matthew 14:25chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And in the fourth watch of the night Jesus went unto them, walking on the sea.
- Isaiah 21:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Prepare the table, watch in the watchtower, eat, drink: arise, ye princes, and anoint the shield.
- Matthew 25:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Watch therefore, for ye know neither the day nor the hour wherein the Son of man cometh.
- Acts 20:31chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Therefore watch, and remember, that by the space of three years I ceased not to warn every one night and day with tears.
- Mark 14:34chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And saith unto them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful unto death: tarry ye here, and watch.
- Matthew 27:66chapter context similar meaning copy save
- So they went, and made the sepulchre sure, sealing the stone, and setting a watch.
- Mark 13:35chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Watch ye therefore: for ye know not when the master of the house cometh, at even, or at midnight, or at the cockcrowing, or in the morning:
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- And what I say unto you I say unto all, Watch.
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- Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whomcustom; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour.
- Daniel 5:19chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And for the majesty that he gave him, all people, nations, and languages, trembled and feared before him: whom he would he slew; and whom he would he kept alive; and whom he would he set up; and whom he would he put down.
- Jeremiah 8:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And they shall spread them before the sun, and the moon, and all the host of heaven, whom they have loved, and whom they have served, and after whom they have walked, and whom they have sought, and whom they have worshipped: they shall not be gathered, nor be buried; they shall be for dung upon the face of the earth.
- Hebrews 12:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth.
- 1 Timothy 1:20chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Of whom is Hymenaeus and Alexander; whom I have delivered unto Satan, that they may learn not to blaspheme.
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- Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth; I have put my spirit upon him: he shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles.
- Song of Solomon 3:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- The watchmen that go about the city found me: to whom I said, Saw ye him whommy soul loveth?
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- For whom the LORD loveth he correcteth; even as a father the son in whom he delighteth.
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- Behold my servant, whom I have chosen; my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased: I will put my spirit upon him, and he shall shew judgment to the Gentiles.
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- Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds;
- Isaiah 57:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Against whom do ye sport yourselves? against whom make ye a wide mouth, and draw out the tongue? are ye not children of transgression, a seed of falsehood,
- 1 Peter 1:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Whom having not seen, ye love; in whom, though now ye see him not, yet believing, ye rejoice with joy unspeakable and full of glory:
- 1 Samuel 24:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- After whom is the king of Israel come out? after whom dost thou pursue? after a dead dog, after a flea.
- Romans 9:18chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.
- Romans 8:30chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Moreover whom he did predestinate, them he also called: and whom he called, them he also justified: and whom he justified, them he also glorified.
- Romans 6:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Know ye not, that to whom ye yield yourselves servants to obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey; whether of sin unto death, or of obedience unto righteousness?
- Psalms 69:26chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For they persecute him whom thou hast smitten; and they talk to the grief of those whom thou hast wounded.
- 1 Timothy 6:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Who only hath immortality, dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto; whom no man hath seen, nor can see: to whom be honour and power everlasting. Amen.
- Leviticus 27:24chapter context similar meaning copy save
- In the year of the jubile the field shall return unto him of whom it was bought, even to him to whom the possession of the land did belong.
- Deuteronomy 32:17chapter context similar meaning copy save
- They sacrificed unto devils, not to God; to gods whom they knew not, to new gods that came newly up, whom your fathers feared not.
- Psalms 27:1chapter context similar meaning copy save
- (A Psalm of David.) The LORD is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear? the LORD is the strength of my life; of whom shall I be afraid?
- Isaiah 28:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Whom shall he teach knowledge? and whom shall he make to understand doctrine? them that are weaned from the milk, and drawn from the breasts.
- Hebrews 2:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For it became him, for whom are all things, and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons unto glory, to make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings.
- 2 Samuel 23:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite: he lift up his spear against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time.
- Deuteronomy 9:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- A people great and tall, the children of the Anakims, whom thou knowest, and of whom thou hast heard say, Who can stand before the children of Anak!
- Numbers 23:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- How shall I curse, whom God hath not cursed? or how shall I defy, whom the LORD hath not defied?
- 2 Kings 19:22chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast thou exalted thy voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against the Holy One of Israel.
- Ephesians 1:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- In whom ye also trusted, after that ye heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation: in whom also after that ye believed, ye were sealed with that holy Spirit of promise,
- Isaiah 37:23chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast thou exalted thy voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against the Holy One of Israel.
- Ezekiel 23:28chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will deliver thee into the hand of them whomthou hatest, into the hand of them from whom thy mind is alienated:
Presents, a Life with a Plan. My name is Karen Anastasia Placek, I am the author of this Google Blog. This is the story of my journey, a quest to understanding more than myself. The title of my first blog delivered more than a million views!! The title is its work as "The Secret of the Universe is Choice!; know decision" will be the next global slogan. Placed on T-shirts, Jackets, Sweatshirts, it really doesn't matter, 'cause a picture with my slogan is worth more than a thousand words, it's worth??.......Know Conversation!!! An Independent Mind, Knot Logic
An Independent Mind, Knot Logic
AMA stands for the Initials word of[Amerian Medical Association]: Words Brain stem Earth equated word ego!! Dr. Vuksinick was in the Offices of Dr. Kilgore word said.
Cross-section through the brain showing the limbic system and all related structures. Image Credit: Corbac40/Shutterstock Credit DR P. M...

Karen A. Placek, aka Karen Placek, K.A.P., KAP

- Karen Placek
- Presents, a Life with a Plan. My name is Karen Anastasia Placek, I am the author of this Google Blog. This is the story of my journey, a quest to understanding more than myself. The title of my first blog delivered more than a million views!! The title is its work as "The Secret of the Universe is Choice!; know decision" will be the next global slogan. Placed on T-shirts, Jackets, Sweatshirts, it really doesn't matter, 'cause a picture with my slogan is worth more than a thousand words, it's worth??.......Know Conversation!!!
Know Decision of the Public: Popular Posts!!
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