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Words’ I equated word found. Word found[Found[FOUND]] in the letters k j v or K J V equated word founder[Founder[FOUNDER]] word you’re next 1(INVASION OF THE BODY SNATCHERS (1978) | "They're Coming!" | MGM)1 equated word lettered get a vet.
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PHILIPPE CLEMENT / NATURE PICTURE LIBRARY / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
Wednesday, February 17, 2016
The Speak For The Unknown Soldier As Recognition Is Knowing The Body of Holds As The Energy Of Speech With The Language Of Dialect As Direction Not Violets.
"V” Device, Word dark[Dark[DARK]] equated Space[SPACE[spacial]].[period] for word my blogs.!as.prompt c[See[see[SEE]]] equated ^[word This symbol (^) is equated as greater than and not word Tent or tent or TENT]👇words See’s Candies: Candies & Chocolates Online | Candy Store.
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Sunday, August 23, 2015
*"Oldest Message In A Bottle"
To decide to be select in exposure to media on the news of everyday chaos on the National play field is a choice, to not negate what is happening, I chose to simplify life with less lies introduced to my mind. The Worlds cancer on the brain of making 'cents' into dollars of no cadence to 'holds' has brought no lather just a weight loss system. The banks that produce only the Wall Streets fashion of an impending crash have merely repeat on the streets, like the giants of 'tickets' that staple a binder to the brow of Humanity via tricked.
Heavy charges tax thought with strides of over calculated girths. The tightening of my own candor is discovery of facts that have represented that only thieves exist in this traveling joes coffee writes. Sales indicative of forward impulsion have not countered any interest to the wealth of gifting questions to conversations that would have invited understanding to my foot. As I believe that each step a person makes influences the 'puddle' or 'ring' of waves that in actual can be of a drowning, I have chosen to reduce the structure by removing the conduit. No longer do I listen to non-determined safe channels of television or media because the dignity that once showed a rated format has been turned loose to National Broadcasting Networks as anything that will drive the 'monies' torque'.
Just the other day I heard on the radio that a specific person that served her country was suffering a similar disaster with the custody of her children as I had experienced many years ago. The radio host was livid as he heated his microphone with details!! With each word the radio host carried horror to the absolute of the situation and the unfair practice of such a stupor that the children will still not be able to be returned to their mother for at least six more months of/or involving much more work in the court system. Sadly during this time of argument this womens children are in foster care for the term or until the situation reaches a resolve. Unfortunately, this custody dilemma had a bracket, for this women had gone overseas to serve her country and now so many questions.......!! Upon her return the misfortune of family dilemmas brought turmoil and delivered this course of illness.
The radio host made strong mention that nobody was calling to respond. As the radio host readily made reference to the FACT that should this have been a story on food representation or gossip glooming on subject of other matters he would have been overwhelmed with callers and opinions. During the radio hosts shock that he had only received two quick 'texts' he was gasping on the air, it was audible to I as the listener.
In felt the lack of callers or the lack of any concerned was not a shock nor a horror as I experienced the same response from asking for support many years ago. I pleaded to many a 'can door' to be of ......well that is a story I have already made available to the readers in the past so I will drop that lost liter and stick to the now and presently more important story coming across this port of call.
As in the reality of reality itself I will just put this story forward as a representation of the length of time that it will/did/does take to do anything positive on this god forsaken earth. So without further a due and to promote positive lates I chance the find to the ears of 'The Conch' itself.
*UK marine researchers receive 'oldest message in a bottle'
Updated 10:06 pm, Saturday, August 22, 2015
LONDON (AP) — A century-old message in a bottle, possibly the oldest ever found, has finally reached its destination.
Tossed into the North Sea sometime between 1904 and 1906, the bottle washed up on the beach on the German island of Amrum, and was found by a couple in April. Inside they found a postcard asking that it be sent to theMarine Biological Association of the U.K.— which they did.
"We were very excited," Guy Baker, a spokesman for the group, said Friday. "We certainly weren't expecting to receive any more of the postcards."
Baker said the bottle was one of some 1,000 released into the North Sea by researcher George Parker Bidder, who later became the association's president. The bottles were weighed down to float just above the sea bed, and used as part of a study into the movement of sea currents.
Inside each bottle was a postcard promising a "one shilling reward" to anyone who returned it to the association, along with information about where and when they found the bottle. Most bottles were trawled up by fishermen and returned decades ago, Baker said.
The association is now looking into having the Guinness Book of Records recognize the message in a bottle as the oldest ever found. The current record-holder, released in 1914 for a scientific experiment, was found 99 years later.
Meanwhile, an old shilling has been sent to the couple who found the bottle.
courtesy of sfgate section at :
http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/UK-marine-researchers-receive-oldest-message-in-6457327.php#photo-8498860
Sunday, August 28, 2016
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn_effect
Environment and intelligence
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Environment and intelligence research investigates the impact of environment on intelligence. This is one of the most important factors in understanding human group differences in IQ test scores and other measures of cognitive ability. It is estimated that genes contribute about 20–40% of the variance in intelligence in childhood and about 80% in old age. Thus the environment and its interaction with genes account for a high proportion of the variation in intelligence seen in groups of young children, and for a small proportion of the variation observed in groups of mature adults. Historically, there has been great interest in the field of intelligence research to determine environmental influences on the development of cognitive functioning, in particular, fluid intelligence, as defined by its stabilization at 16 years of age. Despite the fact that intelligence stabilizes in early adulthood it is thought that genetic factors come to play more of a role in our intelligence during middle and old age and that the importance of the environment dissipates.[1]
Contents
[hide]Neurological theory[edit]
As babies, our neuronal connections are completely undifferentiated. Neurons make connections with neighboring neurons, and these become more complex and more idiosyncratic as the child ages, up until the age of 16, when this process halts. This is also the time frame for development of what is defined in psychometric studies as thegeneral factor of intelligence, or g, as measured by IQ tests. A person's IQ is supposed to be relatively stable after they have reached maturity.[2] It is likely that the growth in neuronal connections is largely due to an interaction with the environment, as there is not even enough genetic material to code for all the possible neural connections. Even if there was enough genetic material to code neural connections, it is unlikely that they could produce such fine tuned connections. In contrast the environment causes meaningful processing as the neurons adapt to stimuli presented.[2]
The capacity of the brain to adapt its connections to environmental stimuli diminishes over time, and therefore it would follow that there is a critical period for intellectual development as well. While the critical period for the visual cortex ends in early childhood, other cortical areas and abilities have a critical period that lasts up through maturity (age 16), the same time frame for the development of fluid intelligence. In order for a person to develop certain intellectual abilities, they need to be provided with the appropriate environmental stimuli during childhood, before the critical period for adapting their neuronal connections ends.[2] The existence of a critical period of language development is well established. A case illustrating this critical period is that of E.M., a young man who was born profoundly deaf and did not have any interaction with the deaf community. At the age of 15 he was fitted with hearing aids and taught Spanish; however, after 4 years he still had severe difficulties in verbal comprehension and production.[3]
Some researchers believe that the critical period effect is a result of the manner by which intellectual abilities are acquired—that changes in neuronal connections inhibit or prevent possible future changes. However, the critical period is observed at approximately the same age in all people, no matter what level of intellectual ability is achieved.[2]
Environmental influences[edit]
Sociocultural[edit]
Family[edit]
Having access to resources of the home, and having a home life conducive to learning is definitely associated with scores on intelligence tests. However, it is difficult to disentangle possible genetic factors from a parent's attitude or use of language, for example.[4]
A child's ordinal position in their family has also been shown to affect intelligence. A number of studies have indicated that as birth order increases IQ decreases with first borns having especially superior intelligence. Many explanations for this have been proposed but the most widely accepted idea is that first borns receive more attention and resources from parents and are expected to focus on task achievement, whereas later borns are more focused on sociability.[5]
The type and amount of praise received from family can also affect how intelligence develops. Research by Dweck and colleagues suggests that feedback to a child on their academic achievements can alter their future intelligence scores. Telling a child that they are intelligent and praising them for this 'intrinsic' quality indicates that intelligence is fixed, known as entity theory. Children holding the entity theory of ability have been reported as performing less well after a failure, perhaps because they believe that failure on a task indicates that they are not intelligent, and that therefore there is no point in trying to challenge themselves after failure.[citation needed] Dweck contrasts this with incremental theory beliefs – the idea that intelligence can be improved upon with effort. Children who hold this theory are more likely to develop a love for learning rather than for achievement.[citation needed] Parents who praise the child's effort at a task rather than the result are more likely to instill this incremental theory of intelligence in their children and thus to improve their intelligence.[6]
Peer group[edit]
JR Harris suggested in The Nurture Assumption that an individual's peer group influences their intelligence greatly over time, and that different peer group characteristics may be responsible for the black-white IQ gap. Several longitudinal studies support the conjecture that peer groups significantly affect scholastic achievement,[7][8][9] but relatively few studies have examined the effect on tests of cognitive ability. There is some evidence that peer groups influence tests of cognitive ability, however.[10]
The peer group an individual identifies with can also influence intelligence through the stereotypes associated with that group. The stereotype threat, first introduced by Claude Steele, is the idea that people belonging to a stereotyped group may perform poorly in a situation where the stereotype is relevant. This has been shown to be a factor in differences in intelligence test scores between different ethnic groups, men and women, people of low and high social status and young and old participants. For example, females who were told that women are worse at chess than men, performed worse in a game of chess than females who were not told this.[11]
Education[edit]
IQ and educational attainment are strongly correlated (estimates range form .40 to over .60.[12]) There is controversy, however, as to whether education affects intelligence – it may be both a dependent and independent variable with regard to IQ.[4] A study by Ceci illustrates the numerous ways in which education can affect intelligence. It was found that; IQ decreases during summer breaks from schooling, children with delayed school entry have lower IQ's, those who drop out of education earlier have lower IQ's and children of the same age but of one years less schooling have lower IQ scores. Thus it is difficult to unravel the interconnected relationship of IQ and education where both seem to affect one another.[13]
Those who do better on childhood intelligence tests tend to have a lower drop out rate, and complete more years of school and are predictive of school success.[4] For instance, one of the largest ever studies found a correlation of 0.81 between the general intelligence or g-factor and GCSE results.[14] On the other hand, education has been shown to improve performance on intelligence tests.[4] Research controlling for childhood IQ and treating years of education as a causal variable suggests that education causes an increase in total IQ score, although general intelligence was not affected.[15]
For instance a natural experiment in Norway where the school leaving age was changed suggested that IQ was raised by additional year of school.[16] School may alter specific knowledge, rather than general ability[15] or biological speed.[17] In terms of what matters about school, it appears that simple quantity or years-in-school may be what underpins the linkage of education with performance on IQ tests.
Training and interventions[edit]
Research on the effectiveness of interventions, and the degree to which fluid intelligence can be increased, especially after age 16, is somewhat controversial. Fluid intelligence is typically thought of as something more innate, and defined as immutable after maturity. One recent article however, demonstrates that, at least for a period of time, fluid intelligence can be increased through training in increasing an adult's working memory capacity. Working memory capacity is defined as the ability to remember something temporarily, like remembering a phone number just long enough to dial it.[18]
In an experiment, groups of adults were first assessed using standard tests for fluid intelligence.[18] Then they trained groups for four different numbers of days, for half an hour each day, using an n-back exercise that worked on improving one's working memory.[18] It supposedly does so through a few different components, involving having to ignore irrelevant items, manage tasks simultaneously, and monitor performance on exercise, while connecting related items.[18] After this training, the groups were tested again and those with training (compared against control groups who did not undergo training) showed significant increases in performance on the fluid intelligence tests.[18]
A study by Blackwell et al. found that they could improve a child's mathematics achievement depending on which theory of intelligence they were taught; incremental or entity theory. Entity theory supposes that intelligence is fixed and cannot be altered by working harder. Incremental theory on the other hand assumes that intelligence is malleable and can be developed and improved with effort. Over the course of a year they found that student's who had been taught the incremental theory of intelligence showed an upward trajectory in grades in mathematics throughout the year whereas those who had been taught entity theory showed no improvement. This indicates that teaching incremental theory may improve performance on academic tasks, though further research is needed to investigate whether the same results can be found for general intelligence.[19]
Other studies have looked at improving intelligence and preventing cognitive decline by using cognition enhancing substances known as nootropics. One such study gave participants a number of know nootropics in combination in the hopes of targeting numerous cellular mechanisms and increasing the effects on cognition that each would have if administered individually. They conducted a double blind test and administered the combination treatment or placebo to adults for 28 days. They administered Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices as a measure of intelligence on the first day and after 28 days. The results indicated a significant improvement in performance for those who had taken the treatment compared to those taking the placebo. The effect was equivalent to an increase in IQ of around 6 points.[20]
Environmental enrichment[edit]
Main article: Environmental enrichment (neural)
Environmental enrichment affects cognition and intellectual development from a neurobiological perspective. More stimulating environments can increase the number of synapses in the brain which increases synaptic activity. In humans this is most likely to occur during the development of the brain but can also occur in adults. Most of the research on environmental enrichment has been carried out on non human animals.[2] In an experiment, four different habitats were set up to test how environmental enrichment or relative impoverishment affected rats' performance on various measures of intelligent behavior. First, rats were isolated, each to its own cage. In a second condition, the rats were still in isolation, but this time they had some toy, or enriching object in the cage with them. The third condition placed the rats in cages with each other, so they were receiving social enrichment, without any enriching object. The fourth and final condition exposed the rats to both social interaction and some form of object enrichment.[21]
In measuring intellectual capacity, the rats who had both forms of enrichment performed best, the ones with social enrichment performed second best, and the ones with a toy in their cage performed still better than the rats with no toy or other rats.[21] When the volume of the rat's cortices was measured the amount of enrichment again correlated with larger volume, which is an indicator of more synaptic connections, and greater intelligence.[21] Attaining this sort of information in humans would be difficult as it requireshistological research.
However, studies where environmental deprivation has occurred provide insight and indicate that a lack of stimulation can lead to cognitive impairment. Further research using educational attainment as an indicator of cognitive stimulation have found that those with higher levels of education show less signs of cognitive aging and that stimulating environments could be used in the treatment of cognitive aging dysfunctions such as dementia.
Biological influences[edit]
Nutrition[edit]
Nutrition has been shown to affect intelligence prenatally and postnatally. The idea that prenatal nutrition may affect intelligence comes from Barker's hypothesis of fetal programming, which states that during critical stages of development the intrauterine environment affects or 'programmes' how the child will develop. Barker cited nutrition as being one of the most important intrauterine influences affecting development and that under-nutrition could permanently change the physiology and development of the child.[22]It has been shown that under-nutrition, particularly protein malnutrition, can lead to irregular brain maturation and learning disabilities.[23]
As prenatal nutrition is difficult to measure, birth weight has been used as a surrogate marker of nutrition in many studies. Birth weight needs to be corrected for gestational length to ensure that the effects are due to nutrition and not prematurity.[24] The first longitudinal study looking at the effects of under-nutrition, as measured by birth weight, and intelligence focused on males who were born during the Dutch famine.[4] The results indicated that there were no effects of under-nutrition on intellectual development. However, many studies since have found a significant relationship and a meta-analysis by Shenkin and colleagues indicates that birth weight is associated with scores on intelligence tests in childhood.[24]
Post-natal malnutrition can also have a significant influence on intellectual development. This relationship has been harder to establish because the issue of malnutrition is often conflated with socioeconomic issues. However, it has been demonstrated in a few studies where pre-schoolers in two Guatemalan villages (where undernourishment is common) were given protein nutrition supplements for several years, and even in the lowest socioeconomic class, those children showed an increase in performance on intelligence tests, relative to controls with no dietary supplement.[4]
Malnutrition has been shown to affect organizational processes of the brain such as neurogenesis, synaptic pruning, cell migration and cellular differentiation. This thus results in abnormalities in the formation of neural circuits and the development of neurotransmitter systems. However, some of these effects of malnutrition have been shown to be improved upon with a good diet and environment.[23] Early nutrition can also affect brain structures that are actually correlated to IQ levels. Specifically, the caudate nucleus is particularly affected by early environmental factors and its volume correlates with IQ. In an experiment by Isaacs et al., infants born prematurely were either assigned a standard or high-nutrient diet during the weeks directly after birth. When the individuals were assessed later in adolescence, it was found that the high-nutrient group had significantly larger caudate volumes and scored significantly higher on verbal IQ tests. This study also found that the extent to which the caudate volume size related selectively to verbal IQ was much greater in male participants, and not very significant in females. This may help explain the finding in other earlier research that the effects of early diet on intelligence are more predominant in males.[25]
Another study done by Lucas et al. confirms the conclusions about the importance of nutrition in the cognitive development of individuals born prematurely. It also found that thecognitive function of males was significantly more impaired by poorer postnatal nutrition.[26] A unique finding however, was that there was a higher incidence of cerebral palsy in the individuals who were fed the non-nutrient enhanced formula.[27]
Breast feeding has long been purported to supply important nutrients to infants and has been correlated with increased cognitive gains later in childhood.[28] The link between intelligence and breast feeding has even been shown to persist into adulthood.[29] However, this view has been challenged in recent times by studies which have found no such link between breast feeding and cognitive abilities. A meta-analysis by Der, batty and Deary concluded that there was no link between IQ and breastfeeding when maternal intelligence had been accounted for and that mothers' intelligence is likely to be the link between breastfeeding and intelligence.[30]
Other studies have indicated that breast feeding may be particularly important for children born Small for Gestational Age (SGA). A study by Slykerman et al. found that there was no association between breast feeding and higher intelligence in their full sample but that when looking only at SGA babies there was a significant increase in intelligence for those who had been breastfed over those who had not.[31]
A 2007 study provides a possible resolution to the different results found across studies investigating breastfeeding's effect on intelligence. Caspi et al. found that whether breast feeding increased IQ was linked to whether the infant had a certain variant of the FADS2 gene. Children with the C variant of the gene showed an IQ advantage of 7 points when breastfed, whereas those with the GG variant showed no IQ advantages with breastfeeding.[32] However, other studies have failed to replicate this result.[33]
Stress[edit]
Maternal stress levels may affect the developing child's intelligence. The timing and duration of stress can greatly alter the fetus' brain development which can have long-term effects on intelligence. Maternal reactions to stress such as increased heart rate are dampened during pregnancy in order to protect the fetus. The impact of stress can be seen across many different species and can be an indicator of the outside environment which can help the fetus to adapt for surviving in the outside world. However, not all maternal stress has been perceived as bad as some has been seen to induce advantageous adaptions.[34]
Stress during early childhood may also affect the child's development and have negative consequences on neural systems underlying fluid intelligence. A 2006 study found that IQ scores were related to the number of traumas and symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children and adults.[35] Similarly, another study found that exposure to violence in the community and the subsequent distress, were related to a significant decrease in intelligence scores and reading abilities in children aged 6–7 years. Exposure to violence in the community had similar cognitive affects as experiencing childhood maltreatment or trauma.[36]
Maternal age[edit]
Maternal age has been shown to be related to intelligence with younger mothers tended have children of lower intelligence than older mothers.[37] However, this relationship may be non-linear with older mothers being at increased risk of giving birth to children with down syndrome which greatly affects cognitive abilities.[38]
Exposure to toxic chemicals and other substances[edit]
Lead exposure has been proven to have significant effects on the intellectual development of a child.[4] In a long-term study done by Baghurst et al. 1992, children who grew up next to a lead-smelting plant had significantly lower intelligence test scores, negatively correlated with their blood-lead level exposure.[4] Even though lead levels have been reduced in our environment, some areas in the United States, particularly inner cities, are still at risk for exposing their children.[4]
Furthermore, prenatal exposure to alcohol can greatly affect a child's performance on intelligence tests, and their intellectual growth. At high doses, fetal alcohol syndrome can develop, which causes mental retardation, as well as other physical symptoms, such as head and face deformities, heart defects and slow growth.[4][39] It is estimated that 1 in 1,000 babies born in the general population are born with fetal alcohol syndrome, as a result of heavy use of alcohol during pregnancy.[26]
However, studies have shown that even at slightly less severe doses, prenatal exposure to alcohol can still affect the intelligence of the child in development, without having the full syndrome. Through a study done by Streissguth, Barr, Sampson, Darby, and Martin in 1989, it was shown that moderate prenatal doses of alcohol, defined as the mother ingesting 1.5 oz. daily, lowered children's test scores by 4 point below control levels, by the age of four. They also showed that prenatal exposure to aspirin and antibiotics is correlated with lower performance on intelligence tests as well.[4] However, more recent studies have found that low to moderate alcohol consumption is not associated with children's intelligence scores.[40] This contradictory evidence could perhaps be explained by findings that the effects of alcohol may depend on the genetic makeup of the fetus. In a recent study Lewis et al., looked at alcohol dehydrogenase genes and their mutations, which humans can have between 0 and 10. These mutations slow the breakdown of alcohol so the more mutations the fetus has the slower they will breakdown alcohol. They found that in children whose mothers had drank moderately, those children with four or more mutations performed worse on an intelligence test than those with two or less mutations.[41]
In another study, prenatal drug exposure was shown to have significantly negative effects on cognitive functioning, as measured at the age of five, compared again controls matched for socioeconomic status and inner-city environment. The researchers concluded that prenatally drug-exposed children are at greater risk for learning difficulties and attention problems in school, and therefore should be the subject of interventions to support educational success. It could be hypothesized that the effect of these drugs on the development of the brain prenatally, and axon guidance could be the root of the negative consequences on later deficits in intellectual development.[42]
Specifically, prenatal exposure to marijuana affects development of intelligence later in childhood, in a nonlinear fashion, with the degree of exposure.[42] Heavy use by the mother within the first trimester is associated with lower verbal reasoning scores on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; heavy use during the second trimester is associated with deficits in composite, short-term memory as well as lower quantitative scores on the test; high exposure in third trimester associated with lower quantitative scores as well.[43] A study by Fried and Smith indicated that marijuana exposure did not lead to a decrease in global intelligence but that it did lead to problems with executive functions in childhood.[44]However, another study found that when influences such as maternal age, mother's personality and home environment, there was no longer a difference between children exposed to marijuana and those not exposed with relation to executive functions.[45]
Exposure to tobacco smoking has been associated with diminished intelligence and attentional problems.[46] One study indicated that children whose mothers had smoked 10 or more cigarettes a day were between 3 and 5 months behind schoolmates in reading, maths and general ability.[47] However, other studies have found no direct link between IQ and tobacco smoking with maternal intelligence accounting entirely for the relationship.[48]
Perinatal factors[edit]
There is also evidence that birth complications and other factors around the time of birth (perinatal) can have serious implications on intellectual development.[4] For example, a prolonged period of time without access to oxygen during the delivery can lead to brain damage and mental retardation.[39] Also, low birth weights have been linked to lower intelligence scores later in lives of the children.[4][39] There are two reasons for low birth weight, either premature delivery or the infant's size is just lower than average for itsgestational age; both contribute to intellectual deficits later in life.[4] A meta analysis of low birth weight babies found that there is a significant relationship between low birth weight and impaired cognitive abilities; however, the relationship is small, and they concluded that, although it may not be relevant at an individual level, it may instead be relevant at a population level.[49] Other studies have also found that the correlations are relatively small unless the weight is extremely low (less than 1,500 g) – in which case the effects on intellectual development are more severe and often result in mental retardation.[4]
Development of genius[edit]
It has been hypothesized that the development of genius in an area results from early environmental exposure to the topic in which the "genius" has prodigious knowledge or skill. This is utilizing the definition of genius that is not just a significantly higher than average IQ score, but also having some type of exceptional understanding or ability in a specific field. Einstein is often used as an example of genius; he did not demonstrate generalized exceptional intelligence as a child; however, there is evidence that he started exploring the ideas of physics and the universe at a young age.[2]
This fits with the model of development of fluid intelligence before age of maturity because the neuronal connections are still being made in childhood. The idea is if you expose a child to concepts of, for example theoretical physics, before their brain stops responding to the environment in a plastic way, then you get exceptional understanding of that field in adulthood, because there was a framework developed for it in early childhood.[2] However, Garlick proposes that early environmental experience with their field of genius, is necessary but not sufficient to the development of genius.[2]
Intelligence alone is not enough for the development of genius but the pathways and neural connections for divergent thinking are also necessary. Thus the home must encourage creativity. The parents of gifted children tend to supply enriching environments with intellectually and culturally stimulating materials thus increasing the child's likelihood to engage in creative activities.[50]
There are many environmental influences on intelligence, typically divided into biological and non-biological factors, often involving social or cultural factors. The commonality between these two divisions is the exposure in early childhood. It seems as though exposure to these various positive or negative influences on intelligence levels needs to happen early on in the development of the brain, before the neuronal connections have ceased forming.
Parents of gifted children also tend to have above average educational achievement and at least one tends to work in an intellectual profession. There is also evidence that the probability of a gifted child becoming a genius may be increased if the child has had to face adversity or trauma and that a traditional upbringing may encourage conformity and discourage the necessary divergent thinking.[50]
Training[edit]
Training at an early age reduces synaptic pruning, which helps save neurons.[51]
Musical[edit]
Early musical training in children is said to improve IQ.[52][53] Schellenberg conducted a study in which children either received music lessons, drama lessons or no lessons and measured their intelligence scores. He found that children in the music group showed a greater overall increase in IQ scores than the children in the other groups.[52] However, a study claimed that musical training improves verbal, but not visual memory.[54] Significant differences in brain structure between musicians and non-musicians have been found. It was shown that there were significant differences in gray matter volume in motor, auditory and visual-spatial regions of the brain. The authors suggest that this could in part be because musicians from a young age translate visually perceived musical notes into motor commands whilst listening to the auditory output.[55]
Studies have shown that listening to Mozart before taking an IQ test will improve scores. This is called the Mozart Effect.[56] The Mozart Effect improves spatial-temporal reasoning.[57] For example, one study found that college students scores on a spatial abilities test increased by 8-9 points after they had listened to Mozart whereas there was no increase when they listened to relaxation instructions or silence.[58]
Chess[edit]
Studies have shown that chess requires auditory-verbal-sequential skills, not visuospatial skills.[59] A German study found that Garry Kasparov, a Soviet / Russian former World Chess Champion, regarded by many as the greatest chess player of all time, has an IQ of 135 and an extremely good memory.[59] Similarly, a study looking at young Belgian chess experts found that they have an average IQ of 121, a verbal IQ of 109 and a performance IQ of 129.[60] However, a recent study looking at an elite group of young chess players found that intelligence was not a significant factor in chess skill.[61]
One study found that students who were taking a chess class improved mathematical and comprehension performance.[59] Despite this a recent study found that chess did not improve students' academic or cognitive abilities. At-risk students were put into 2 groups: one group was given a chess class once a week for 90 minutes, the other group was not. The results indicated no differences between the groups in changes in math, reading, writing or general intelligence.[62]
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You searched for
"WASTE" in the KJV Bible
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- Ezekiel 6:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- In all your dwellingplaces the cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be desolate; that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your images may be cut down, and your works may be abolished.
- Isaiah 15:1chapter context similar meaning copy save
- The burden of Moab. Because in the night Ar of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence; because in the night Kir of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence;
- Isaiah 23:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Howl, ye ships of Tarshish: for your strength is laid waste.
- Psalms 79:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For they have devoured Jacob, and laid waste his dwelling place.
- Haggai 1:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Is it time for you, O ye, to dwell in your cieled houses, and this house lie waste?
- Matthew 26:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But when his disciples saw it, they had indignation, saying, To what purpose is this waste?
- Jeremiah 27:17chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Hearken not unto them; serve the king of Babylon, and live: wherefore should this city be laid waste?
- Jeremiah 46:19chapter context similar meaning copy save
- O thou daughter dwelling in Egypt, furnish thyself to go into captivity: for Noph shall be waste and desolate without an inhabitant.
- Isaiah 37:18chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have laid waste all the nations, and their countries,
- Job 30:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For want and famine they were solitary; fleeing into the wilderness in former time desolate and waste.
- Mark 14:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And there were some that had indignation within themselves, and said, Why was this waste of the ointment made?
- Isaiah 23:1chapter context similar meaning copy save
- The burden of Tyre. Howl, ye ships of Tarshish; for it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in: from the land of Chittim it is revealed to them.
- Isaiah 52:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Break forth into joy, sing together, ye waste places of Jerusalem: for the LORD hath comforted his people, he hath redeemed Jerusalem.
- Jeremiah 2:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- The young lions roared upon him, and yelled, and they made his land waste: his cities are burned without inhabitant.
- Job 38:27chapter context similar meaning copy save
- To satisfy the desolate and waste ground; and to cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth?
- Isaiah 5:17chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then shall the lambs feed after their manner, and the waste places of the fat ones shall strangers eat.
- Ezekiel 35:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- I will lay thy cities waste, and thou shalt be desolate, and thou shalt know that I am the LORD.
- Isaiah 49:17chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Thy children shall make haste; thy destroyers and they that made thee waste shall go forth of thee.
- Deuteronomy 32:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- He found him in a desert land, and in the waste howling wilderness; he led him about, he instructed him, he kept him as the apple of his eye.
- Psalms 80:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- The boar out of the wood doth waste it, and the wild beast of the field doth devour it.
- Ezekiel 5:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Moreover I will make thee waste, and a reproach among the nations that are round about thee, in the sight of all that pass by.
- Joel 1:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- He hath laid my vine waste, and barked my fig tree: he hath made it clean bare, and cast it away; the branches thereof are made white.
- Isaiah 64:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Our holy and our beautiful house, where our fathers praised thee, is burned up with fire: and all our pleasant things are laid waste.
- Jeremiah 49:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For I have sworn by myself, saith the LORD, that Bozrah shall become a desolation, a reproach, a waste, and a curse; and all the cities thereof shall be perpetual wastes.
- Malachi 1:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.
- Isaiah 33:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- The highways lie waste, the wayfaring man ceaseth: he hath broken the covenant, he hath despised the cities, he regardeth no man.
- Ezekiel 36:38chapter context similar meaning copy save
- As the holy flock, as the flock of Jerusalem in her solemn feasts; so shall the wastecities be filled with flocks of men: and they shall know that I am the LORD.
- Leviticus 26:31chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And I will make your cities waste, and bring your sanctuaries unto desolation, and I will not smell the savour of your sweet odours.
- Isaiah 24:1chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Behold, the LORD maketh the earth empty, and maketh it waste, and turneth it upside down, and scattereth abroad the inhabitants thereof.
- Ezekiel 26:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Son of man, because that Tyrus hath said against Jerusalem, Aha, she is broken that was the gates of the people: she is turned unto me: I shall be replenished, now she is laid waste:
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"WASTE" in the KJV Bible
62 Instances - Page 2 of 3 - Sort by Book Order - Feedback
- Haggai 1:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Ye looked for much, and, lo, it came to little; and when ye brought it home, I did blow upon it. Why? saith the LORD of hosts. Because of mine house that is waste, and ye run every man unto his own house.
- Isaiah 5:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And I will lay it waste: it shall not be pruned, nor digged; but there shall come up briers and thorns: I will also command the clouds that they rain no rain upon it.
- Isaiah 37:26chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Hast thou not heard long ago, how I have done it; and of ancient times, that I have formed it? now have I brought it to pass, that thou shouldest be to lay wastedefenced cities into ruinous heaps.
- 2 Kings 19:25chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Hast thou not heard long ago how I have done it, and of ancient times that I have formed it? now have I brought it to pass, that thou shouldest be to lay waste fenced cities into ruinous heaps.
- Ezekiel 29:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Behold, therefore I am against thee, and against thy rivers, and I will make the land of Egypt utterly waste and desolate, from the tower of Syene even unto the border of Ethiopia.
- Ezekiel 29:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the land of Egypt shall be desolate and waste; and they shall know that I am the LORD: because he hath said, The river is mine, and I have made it.
- Amos 7:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the high places of Isaac shall be desolate, and the sanctuaries of Israel shall be laid waste; and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword.
- Numbers 21:30chapter context similar meaning copy save
- We have shot at them; Heshbon is perished even unto Dibon, and we have laid them waste even unto Nophah, which reacheth unto Medeba.
- Jeremiah 50:21chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Go up against the land of Merathaim, even against it, and against the inhabitants of Pekod: waste and utterly destroy after them, saith the LORD, and do according to all that I have commanded thee.
- Leviticus 26:33chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And I will scatter you among the heathen, and will draw out a sword after you: and your land shall be desolate, and your cities waste.
- 1 Kings 17:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For thus saith the LORD God of Israel, The barrel of meal shall not waste, neither shall the cruse of oil fail, until the day that the LORD sendeth rain upon the earth.
- Nahum 2:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- She is empty, and void, and waste: and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and much pain is in all loins, and the faces of them all gather blackness.
- Nehemiah 2:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And said unto the king, Let the king live for ever: why should not my countenance be sad, when the city, the place of my fathers' sepulchres, lieth waste, and the gates thereof are consumed with fire?
- Isaiah 49:19chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For thy waste and thy desolate places, and the land of thy destruction, shall even now be too narrow by reason of the inhabitants, and they that swallowed thee up shall be far away.
- Nahum 3:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And it shall come to pass, that all they that look upon thee shall flee from thee, and say, Nineveh is laid waste: who will bemoan her? whence shall I seek comforters for thee?
- Isaiah 34:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- It shall not be quenched night nor day; the smoke thereof shall go up for ever: from generation to generation it shall lie waste; none shall pass through it for ever and ever.
- Ezekiel 19:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he knew their desolate palaces, and he laid waste their cities; and the land was desolate, and the fulness thereof, by the noise of his roaring.
- Nehemiah 2:17chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then said I unto them, Ye see the distress that we are in, how Jerusalem lieth waste, and the gates thereof are burned with fire: come, and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we be no more a reproach.
- Zephaniah 3:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- I have cut off the nations: their towers are desolate; I made their streets waste, that none passeth by: their cities are destroyed, so that there is no man, that there is none inhabitant.
- Ezekiel 36:35chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And they shall say, This land that was desolate is become like the garden of Eden; and the waste and desolate and ruined cities are become fenced, and are inhabited.
- Jeremiah 4:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- The lion is come up from his thicket, and the destroyer of the Gentiles is on his way; he is gone forth from his place to make thy land desolate; and thy cities shall be laid waste, without an inhabitant.
- Ezekiel 12:20chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the cities that are inhabited shall be laid waste, and the land shall be desolate; and ye shall know that I am the LORD.
- Isaiah 58:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And they that shall be of thee shall build the old waste places: thou shalt raise up the foundations of many generations; and thou shalt be called, The repairer of the breach, The restorer of paths to dwell in.
- Isaiah 42:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- I will make waste mountains and hills, and dry up all their herbs; and I will make the rivers islands, and I will dry up the pools.
- Isaiah 61:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And they shall build the old wastes, they shall raise up the former desolations, and they shall repair the waste cities, the desolations of many generations.
- 1 Chronicles 17:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Also I will ordain a place for my people Israel, and will plant them, and they shall dwell in their place, and shall be moved no more; neither shall the children of wickedness waste them any more, as at the beginning,
- Micah 5:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And they shall waste the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod in the entrances thereof: thus shall he deliver us from the Assyrian, when he cometh into our land, and when he treadeth within our borders.
- Amos 9:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And I will bring again the captivity of my people of Israel, and they shall build the waste cities, and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and drink the wine thereof; they shall also make gardens, and eat the fruit of them.
- Ezekiel 30:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And I will make the rivers dry, and sell the land into the hand of the wicked: and I will make the land waste, and all that is therein, by the hand of strangers: I the LORD have spoken it.
- Ezekiel 38:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- After many days thou shalt be visited: in the latter years thou shalt come into the land that is brought back from the sword, and is gathered out of many people, against the mountains of Israel, which have been always waste: but it is brought forth out of the nations, and they shall dwell safely all of them.
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You searched for
"WASTE" in the KJV Bible
62 Instances - Page 3 of 3 - Sort by Book Order - Feedback
- Isaiah 51:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For the LORD shall comfort Zion: he will comfort all her waste places; and he will make her wilderness like Eden, and her desert like the garden of the LORD; joy and gladness shall be found therein, thanksgiving, and the voice of melody.
- Ezekiel 29:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And I will make the land of Egypt desolate in the midst of the countries that are desolate, and her cities among the cities that are laid waste shall be desolate forty years: and I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and will disperse them through the countries.
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You searched for
"GET A VET" in the KJV Bible
115 Instances - Page 1 of 4 - Sort by Book Order - Feedback
- Proverbs 4:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Get wisdom, get understanding: forget it not; neither decline from the words of my mouth.
- Proverbs 4:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom: and with all thy getting getunderstanding.
- Proverbs 16:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- How much better is it to get wisdom than gold! and to get understanding rather to be chosen than silver!
- Deuteronomy 5:30chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Go say to them, Get you into your tents again.
- Psalms 119:104chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Through thy precepts I get understanding: therefore I hate every false way.
- Proverbs 22:25chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Lest thou learn his ways, and get a snare to thy soul.
- Proverbs 17:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Wherefore is there a price in the hand of a fool to get wisdom, seeing he hath no heart to it?
- 2 Corinthians 2:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Lest Satan should get an advantage of us: for we are not ignorant of his devices.
- Genesis 34:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Shechem spake unto his father Hamor, saying, Get me this damsel to wife.
- Exodus 5:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Go ye, get you straw where ye can find it: yet not ought of your work shall be diminished.
- Joshua 7:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the LORD said unto Joshua, Get thee up; wherefore liest thou thus upon thy face?
- Lamentations 3:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- He hath hedged me about, that I cannot get out: he hath made my chain heavy.
- Numbers 16:45chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Get you up from among this congregation, that I may consume them as in a moment. And they fell upon their faces.
- 1 Kings 18:41chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Elijah said unto Ahab, Get thee up, eat and drink; for there is a sound of abundance of rain.
- Numbers 16:24chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Speak unto the congregation, saying, Get you up from about the tabernacle of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram.
- Jeremiah 48:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Give wings unto Moab, that it may flee and get away: for the cities thereof shall be desolate, without any to dwell therein.
- Leviticus 14:30chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he shall offer the one of the turtledoves, or of the young pigeons, such as he can get;
- Leviticus 14:32chapter context similar meaning copy save
- This is the law of him in whom is the plague of leprosy, whose hand is not able to get that which pertaineth to his cleansing.
- Ezekiel 22:27chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Her princes in the midst thereof are like wolves ravening the prey, to shed blood, and to destroy souls, to get dishonest gain.
- 1 Kings 14:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Arise thou therefore, get thee to thine own house: and when thy feet enter into the city, the child shall die.
- Proverbs 6:33chapter context similar meaning copy save
- A wound and dishonour shall he get; and his reproach shall not be wiped away.
- Acts 10:20chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Arise therefore, and get thee down, and go with them, doubting nothing: for I have sent them.
- Acts 22:18chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And saw him saying unto me, Make haste, and get thee quickly out of Jerusalem: for they will not receive thy testimony concerning me.
- 1 Kings 17:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Get thee hence, and turn thee eastward, and hide thyself by the brook Cherith, that is before Jordan.
- Exodus 32:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the LORD said unto Moses, Go, get thee down; for thy people, which thou broughtest out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves:
- 1 Kings 17:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Arise, get thee to Zarephath, which belongeth to Zidon, and dwell there: behold, I have commanded a widow woman there to sustain thee.
- Deuteronomy 28:43chapter context similar meaning copy save
- The stranger that is within thee shall get up above thee very high; and thou shalt come down very low.
- Isaiah 47:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Sit thou silent, and get thee into darkness, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called, The lady of kingdoms.
- James 4:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Go to now, ye that say, To day or to morrow we will go into such a city, and continue there a year, and buy and sell, and get gain:
- Isaiah 22:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Thus saith the Lord GOD of hosts, Go, get thee unto this treasurer, even unto Shebna, which is over the house, and say,
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