In Memory

 

Cantore Arithmetic established the game is Chess.  Now, the Pawn shop can increase by product upon the cow as that has an outline to the counter.  The word game in the Kjv is found at site, the word view is maintained as the count, this retains word blink for the Cantore Arithmetic first program as the Steward is found at the United States Pony Club.

Cantore Arithmetic has found triplicate mathematics as the long term to the board or the known Chess at the issued.  Bobby Fischer is a famous mathematician?  The word three must triplicate.  Word to organization is in candor.  The product to the current computer at dot prompt will not deliver and will be bound to certain moves understood by Chess Masters.

This is a see prompt to understood by litmus and tested by known to results in a rotation?  Cantore Arithmetic is important and brings Occam’s razor(In philosophy) to test.

Litmus is a water-soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens. It is often absorbed onto filter paper to produce one of the oldest forms of pH indicator, used to test materials for acidity. In an acidic medium, blue litmus paper turns red, while in a basic or alkaline medium, red litmus paper turns green.

History[edit]

The word "litmus" comes from an Old Norse word for “moss used for dyeing”.^[1] About 1300 the Spanish physician Arnaldus de Villa Nova began using litmus to study acids and bases.^[2][3]

From the 16th century onwards, the blue dye was extracted from some lichens, especially in the Netherlands.

Chess prodigy

16 languages

• Article
• Talk

• Read
• Edit
• View history

Tools

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Samuel Reshevsky playing chess with Douglas Fairbanks, as Charlie Chaplin watches them during filming of the American silent film The Three Musketeers, 1921.

A chess prodigy is a young child who possesses an aptitude for the game of chess that far exceeds what might be expected at their age. Their prodigious talent will often enable them to defeat experienced adult players and even titled chess masters. Some chess prodigies have progressed to become World Chess Champions.

Early chess prodigies[edit]

Early chess prodigies included Paul Morphy (1837–1884) and José Raúl Capablanca (1888–1942), both of whom won matches against strong adult opponents at the age of 12, and Samuel Reshevsky(1911–1992), who was giving simultaneous exhibitions at the age of six.^[1] Morphy went on to become the world's leading player before the formal title of World Champion existed. Capablanca became the third World Champion, and Reshevsky—while never attaining the title—was amongst the world's elite players for many decades.

Arturo Pomar (1931–2016) was another to be labelled a prodigy by chess writers.^[2][3] He played his first international tournament (Madrid 1943) at the age of 11 and went on to become Spain's first grandmaster.

Youngest to defeat a grandmaster[edit]

There is often widespread attention when a young player defeats a Grandmaster, whether in a standard tournament game or less formal conditions.

13-year-old Magnus Carlsen formally playing against 35-year-old
Ivan Sokolov, 2004

Formal conditions[edit]

The youngest player to defeat a grandmaster under standard time controls is Awonder Liang, who in 2012 defeated Larry Kaufman at the Washington International at the age of 9 years and 111 days.^[4]

The previous record was set in 2009, when Hetul Shah defeated GM Nurlan Ibrayev at the age of nine years and six months at the Parsvnath Open.^[5][6]

Informal conditions[edit]

In 1999, David Howell defeated John Nunn in a blitz game at the age of eight.^[6]

In 1976, a ten-year-old Nigel Short beat Viktor Korchnoi as a participant in a simultaneous exhibition, the only game Korchnoi lost in the event.^[6]

In March 2021, 10-year-old Frederick Waldhausen Gordon, from Scotland, won against GM Bogdan Lalic in an online rapid 10+5 game in the ECF Grand Prix Rapid Event 1 held on lichess.org.^[7][8][9]

In August 2020, 9-year-old Tanitoluwa Adewumi, a Nigerian refugee living in the US, defeated GM Hikaru Nakamura in a blitz game on chess.com.^[10]

List of youngest grandmasters[edit]

Since 1950, when the Grandmaster (GM) title was introduced by FIDE, one measure of chess prodigies is the age at which they gain the GM title. Below are players who have held the record for the youngest grandmaster. The record is currently held by Abhimanyu Mishra. The age listed is the age at which they qualified for the title. This is not equal to the age at which they officially became grandmasters, because GM titles can only be awarded at FIDE congresses. The country listed indicates the federation the player was affiliated with at the time of gaining the title, not their current or later affiliation.

List of youngest grandmasters since 1950

Year	Player	Country	Age
1950	David Bronstein	Soviet Union	26 years
1952	Tigran Petrosian	Soviet Union	23 years
1955	Boris Spassky	Soviet Union	18 years
1958	Bobby Fischer	United States	15 years, 6 months, 1 day
1991	Judit Polgár	Hungary	15 years, 4 months, 28 days[11][12]
1994	Péter Lékó	Hungary	14 years, 4 months, 22 days
1997	Étienne Bacrot	France	14 years, 2 months, 0 days
1997	Ruslan Ponomariov	Ukraine	14 years, 0 months, 17 days
1999	Bu Xiangzhi	China	13 years, 10 months, 13 days
2002	Sergey Karjakin	Ukraine	12 years, 7 months, 0 days
2021	Abhimanyu Mishra	United States	12 years, 4 months, 25 days[13]

This is a list of the players who fulfilled the requirements to attain the title of Grandmaster before their 14th birthday.

Grandmasters younger than 14 years old

Player	Country	Age	Birth year
Abhimanyu Mishra	United States	12 years, 4 months, 25 days	2009
Sergey Karjakin	Ukraine	12 years, 7 months, 0 days	1990
Gukesh Dommaraju	India	12 years, 7 months, 17 days	2006
Javokhir Sindarov	Uzbekistan	12 years, 10 months, 5 days	2005
Praggnanandhaa Rameshbabu	India	12 years, 10 months, 13 days	2005
Nodirbek Abdusattorov	Uzbekistan	13 years, 1 month, 11 days	2004
Parimarjan Negi	India	13 years, 4 months, 22 days	1993
Magnus Carlsen	Norway	13 years, 4 months, 27 days	1990
Wei Yi	China	13 years, 8 months, 23 days[14]	1999
Raunak Sadhwani	India	13 years, 9 months, 28 days[15]	2005
Bu Xiangzhi	China	13 years, 10 months, 13 days	1985
Samuel Sevian	United States	13 years, 10 months, 27 days[16]	2000
Richárd Rapport	Hungary	13 years, 11 months, 6 days[17]	1996

Note: Karjakin and Rapport have changed federations since attaining the grandmaster title.

List of youngest female grandmasters[edit]

Below are the holders of the record for the youngest female player to qualify for the grandmaster title (not to be confused with the lesser Woman Grandmaster title):

Youngest female grandmasters

Year	Player	Country	Age
1978	Nona Gaprindashvili	Soviet Union	37 years
1984	Maia Chiburdanidze	Soviet Union	23 years
1991	Susan Polgar	Hungary	21 years
1991	Judit Polgár	Hungary	15 years, 4 months[11][12]
2002	Humpy Koneru	India	15 years, 1 month[18][19]
2008	Hou Yifan	China	14 years, 6 months[20]