In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular quadrilateral, which means that it has four equal sides and four equal angles (90-degree angles, π/2 radian angles, or right angles). It can also be defined as a rectangle with two equal-length adjacent sides. It is the only regular polygon whose internal angle, central angle, and external angle are all equal (90°), and whose diagonals are all equal in length. A square with vertices ABCDwould be denoted $\square$ ABCD.^[1]

Characterizations

A quadrilateral is a square if and only if it is any one of the following:^[2]^[3]

A rectangle with two adjacent equal sides
A rhombus with a right vertex angle
A rhombus with all angles equal
A parallelogram with one right vertex angle and two adjacent equal sides
A quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles
A quadrilateral where the diagonals are equal, and are the perpendicular bisectors of each other (i.e., a rhombus with equal diagonals)
A convex quadrilateral with successive sides a, b, c, d whose area is $A={\tfrac {1}{2}}(a^{2}+c^{2})={\tfrac {1}{2}}(b^{2}+d^{2}).$ ^[4]^{: Corollary 15}

Properties

A square is a special case of a rhombus (equal sides, opposite equal angles), a kite (two pairs of adjacent equal sides), a trapezoid (one pair of opposite sides parallel), a parallelogram (all opposite sides parallel), a quadrilateral or tetragon (four-sided polygon), and a rectangle (opposite sides equal, right-angles), and therefore has all the properties of all these shapes, namely:^[5]

All four internal angles of a square are equal (each being 360°/4 = 90°, a right angle).
The central angle of a square is equal to 90° (360°/4).
The external angle of a square is equal to 90°.
The diagonals of a square are equal and bisect each other, meeting at 90°.
The diagonal of a square bisects its internal angle, forming adjacent angles of 45°.
All four sides of a square are equal.
Opposite sides of a square are parallel.
A square has Schläfli symbol {4}. A truncated square, t{4}, is an octagon, {8}. An alternated square, h{4}, is a digon, {2}.
The square is the n = 2 case of the families of n-hypercubes and n-orthoplexes.

Perimeter and area

The perimeter of a square whose four sides have length $\ell$ is

P=4\ell

and the area A is

A=\ell ^{2}.

^[1]

Since four squared equals sixteen, a four by four square has an area equal to its perimeter. The only other quadrilateral with such a property is that of a three by six rectangle.

In classical times, the second power was described in terms of the area of a square, as in the above formula. This led to the use of the term square to mean raising to the second power.

The area can also be calculated using the diagonal d according to

A={\frac {d^{2}}{2}}.

In terms of the circumradius R, the area of a square is

A=2R^{2};

since the area of the circle is $\pi R^{2},$ the square fills $2/\pi \approx 0.6366$ of its circumscribed circle.

In terms of the inradius r, the area of the square is

A=4r^{2};

hence the area of the inscribed circle is $\pi /4\approx 0.7854$ of that of the square.

Because it is a regular polygon, a square is the quadrilateral of least perimeter enclosing a given area. Dually, a square is the quadrilateral containing the largest area within a given perimeter.^[6] Indeed, if A and P are the area and perimeter enclosed by a quadrilateral, then the following isoperimetric inequality holds:

16A\leq P^{2}

with equality if and only if the quadrilateral is a square.

Other facts

The diagonals of a square are ${\sqrt {2}}$ (about 1.414) times the length of a side of the square. This value, known as the square root of 2 or Pythagoras' constant,^[1] was the first number proven to be irrational.
A square can also be defined as a parallelogram with equal diagonals that bisect the angles.
If a figure is both a rectangle (right angles) and a rhombus (equal edge lengths), then it is a square.
A square has a larger area than any other quadrilateral with the same perimeter.^[7]
A square tiling is one of three regular tilings of the plane (the others are the equilateral triangle and the regular hexagon).
The square is in two families of polytopes in two dimensions: hypercube and the cross-polytope. The Schläfli symbol for the square is {4}.
The square is a highly symmetric object. There are four lines of reflectional symmetry and it has rotational symmetry of order 4 (through 90°, 180° and 270°). Its symmetry group is the dihedral group D₄.
A square can be inscribed inside any regular polygon. The only other polygon with this property is the equilateral triangle.
If the inscribed circle of a square ABCD has tangency points E on AB, F on BC, G on CD, and H on DA, then for any point P on the inscribed circle,^[8]

2(PH^{2}-PE^{2})=PD^{2}-PB^{2}.

If $d_{i}$ is the distance from an arbitrary point in the plane to the i-th vertex of a square and $R$ is the circumradius of the square, then^[9]

{\frac {d_{1}^{4}+d_{2}^{4}+d_{3}^{4}+d_{4}^{4}}{4}}+3R^{4}=\left({\frac {d_{1}^{2}+d_{2}^{2}+d_{3}^{2}+d_{4}^{2}}{4}}+R^{2}\right)^{2}.

If $L$ and $d_{i}$ are the distances from an arbitrary point in the plane to the centroid of the square and its four vertices respectively, then ^[10]

d_{1}^{2}+d_{3}^{2}=d_{2}^{2}+d_{4}^{2}=2(R^{2}+L^{2})

and

d_{1}^{2}d_{3}^{2}+d_{2}^{2}d_{4}^{2}=2(R^{4}+L^{4}),

where

R

is the circumradius of the square.

Coordinates and equations

The coordinates for the vertices of a square with vertical and horizontal sides, centered at the origin and with side length 2 are (±1, ±1), while the interior of this square consists of all points (x_i, y_i) with −1 < x_i < 1 and −1 < y_i < 1. The equation

\max(x^{2},y^{2})=1

specifies the boundary of this square. This equation means "x² or y², whichever is larger, equals 1." The circumradius of this square (the radius of a circle drawn through the square's vertices) is half the square's diagonal, and is equal to ${\sqrt {2}}.$ Then the circumcircle has the equation

x^{2}+y^{2}=2.

Alternatively the equation

\left|x-a\right|+\left|y-b\right|=r.

can also be used to describe the boundary of a square with center coordinates (a, b), and a horizontal or vertical radius of r. The square is therefore the shape of a topological ball according to the L₁ distance metric.

Construction

The following animations show how to construct a square using a compass and straightedge. This is possible as 4 = 2², a power of two.

Square at a given side length,
right angle by using Thales' theorem

Square at a given diagonal

Symmetry

The square has Dih₄ symmetry, order 8. There are 2 dihedral subgroups: Dih₂, Dih₁, and 3 cyclicsubgroups: Z₄, Z₂, and Z₁.

A square is a special case of many lower symmetry quadrilaterals:

A rectangle with two adjacent equal sides
A quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles
A parallelogram with one right angle and two adjacent equal sides
A rhombus with a right angle
A rhombus with all angles equal
A rhombus with equal diagonals

These 6 symmetries express 8 distinct symmetries on a square. John Conway labels these by a letter and group order.^[11]

Each subgroup symmetry allows one or more degrees of freedom for irregular quadrilaterals. r8 is full symmetry of the square, and a1 is no symmetry. d4 is the symmetry of a rectangle, and p4 is the symmetry of a rhombus. These two forms are duals of each other, and have half the symmetry order of the square. d2 is the symmetry of an isosceles trapezoid, and p2 is the symmetry of a kite. g2 defines the geometry of a parallelogram.

Only the g4 subgroup has no degrees of freedom, but can seen as a square with directed edges.

Squares inscribed in triangles

Every acute triangle has three inscribed squares (squares in its interior such that all four of a square's vertices lie on a side of the triangle, so two of them lie on the same side and hence one side of the square coincides with part of a side of the triangle). In a right triangle two of the squares coincide and have a vertex at the triangle's right angle, so a right triangle has only two distinct inscribed squares. An obtuse triangle has only one inscribed square, with a side coinciding with part of the triangle's longest side.

The fraction of the triangle's area that is filled by the square is no more than 1/2.

Squaring the circle

Squaring the circle, proposed by ancient geometers, is the problem of constructing a square with the same area as a given circle, by using only a finite number of steps with compass and straightedge.

In 1882, the task was proven to be impossible as a consequence of the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem, which proves that pi ( $π$ ) is a transcendental number rather than an algebraic irrational number; that is, it is not the root of any polynomial with rational coefficients.

Non-Euclidean geometry

In non-Euclidean geometry, squares are more generally polygons with 4 equal sides and equal angles.

In spherical geometry, a square is a polygon whose edges are great circle arcs of equal distance, which meet at equal angles. Unlike the square of plane geometry, the angles of such a square are larger than a right angle. Larger spherical squares have larger angles.

In hyperbolic geometry, squares with right angles do not exist. Rather, squares in hyperbolic geometry have angles of less than right angles. Larger hyperbolic squares have smaller angles.

Examples:

Two squares can tile the sphere with 2 squares around each vertex and 180-degree internal angles. Each square covers an entire hemisphere and their vertices lie along a great circle. This is called a spherical square dihedron. The Schläfli symbolis {4,2}.	Six squares can tile the sphere with 3 squares around each vertex and 120-degree internal angles. This is called a spherical cube. The Schläfli symbol is {4,3}.	Squares can tile the hyperbolic plane with 5 around each vertex, with each square having 72-degree internal angles. The Schläfli symbol is {4,5}. In fact, for any n ≥ 5 there is a hyperbolic tiling with n squares about each vertex.

Crossed square

A crossed square is a faceting of the square, a self-intersecting polygon created by removing two opposite edges of a square and reconnecting by its two diagonals. It has half the symmetry of the square, Dih₂, order 4. It has the same vertex arrangement as the square, and is vertex-transitive. It appears as two 45-45-90 triangle with a common vertex, but the geometric intersection is not considered a vertex.

A crossed square is sometimes likened to a bow tie or butterfly. the crossed rectangle is related, as a faceting of the rectangle, both special cases of crossed quadrilaterals.^[12]

The interior of a crossed square can have a polygon density of ±1 in each triangle, dependent upon the winding orientation as clockwise or counterclockwise.

A square and a crossed square have the following properties in common:

Opposite sides are equal in length.
The two diagonals are equal in length.
It has two lines of reflectional symmetry and rotational symmetry of order 2 (through 180°).

It exists in the vertex figure of a uniform star polyhedra, the tetrahemihexahedron.

Graphs

The K₄ complete graph is often drawn as a square with all 6 possible edges connected, hence appearing as a square with both diagonals

Ludwig Feuerbach

Ludwig Feuerbach
Ludwig Feuerbach
Born	28 July 1804; Landshut, Electorate of Bavaria
Died	13 September 1872 (aged 68); Rechenberg near Nuremberg, German Empire
Education	University of Heidelberg; University of Berlin; University of Erlangen; (Ph.D./Dr. phil. habil., 1828)
Era	19th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Anthropological materialism; Secular humanism; Young Hegelians (1820s)
Theses	De infinitate, unitate, atque, communitate, rationis (On the Infinitude, Unity, and Universality of Reason) (July 1828); De ratione una, universali, infinita (The One, Universal, and Infinite Reason) (November 1828);
Main interests	Philosophy of religion
Notable ideas	All theological concepts as the reifications of anthropological concepts
	show Influences
	show Influenced
Signature

Square
Square
	A regular quadrilateral
Type	Regular polygon
Edges and vertices	4
Schläfli symbol	{4}
Coxeter–Dynkin diagrams	;
Symmetry group	Dihedral (D4), order 2×4
Internal angle(degrees)	90°
Properties	Convex, cyclic, equilateral, isogonal, isotoxal
Dual polygon	Self

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach (German: [ˈluːtvɪç ˈfɔʏɐbax];^[6]^[7] 28 July 1804 – 13 September 1872) was a German anthropologist and philosopher, best known for his book The Essence of Christianity, which provided a critique of Christianity that strongly influenced generations of later thinkers, including Charles Darwin, Karl Marx,^[8] Sigmund Freud,^[9] Friedrich Engels,^[10] Richard Wagner,^[11] and Friedrich Nietzsche.^[12]

An associate of Young Hegelian circles, Feuerbach advocated atheism and anthropological materialism.^[1]Many of his philosophical writings offered a critical analysis of religion. His thought was influential in the development of historical materialism,^[8] where he is often recognized as a bridge between Hegel and Marx.^[13]

Life and career[edit]

Feuerbach was the third son of the eminent jurist Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach, brother of mathematician Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach and uncle of painter Anselm Feuerbach.^[13] Feuerbach's other brothers were almost all distinguished in scholarship or science:

Joseph Anselm Feuerbach (1798–1851), archaeology and philology; his son was the painter Anselm Feuerbach (1829–1880)
Eduard August Feuerbach (1803–1843), jurisprudence
Friedrich Heinrich Feuerbach (1806–1880), philology and philosophy

He also had three sisters:

Rebekka Magdalena "Helene" Feuerbach von Dobeneck (1808–1891)
Leonore Feuerbach (1809–1885)
Elise Feuerbach (1813–1883)

Education[edit]

Feuerbach matriculated in the University of Heidelberg in 1823 with the intention of pursuing a career in the Lutheran church.^[13]^[14] Through the influence of Karl Daub he was led to an interest in the then predominant philosophy of Hegel and, in spite of his father's opposition, enrolled in the University of Berlin in 1824 in order to study under the master himself. After two years, the Hegelian influence began to slacken. Feuerbach became associated with a group known as the Young Hegelians, alternately known as the Left Hegelians, who synthesized a radical offshoot of Hegelian philosophy, interpreting Hegel's dialectic march of spirit through history to mean that existing Western culture and institutional forms—and, in particular, Christianity—would be superseded. "Theology," he wrote to a friend, "I can bring myself to study no more. I long to take nature to my heart, that nature before whose depth the faint-hearted theologian shrinks back; and with nature man, man in his entire quality." These words are a key to Feuerbach's development. He completed his education at the University of Erlangen (he matriculated there in 1827) with the study of natural science. He earned his doctorate from Erlangen on 25 July 1828 with his thesis De infinitate, unitate, atque, communitate, rationis (On the Infinitude, Unity, and Universality of Reason), while he habilitated there in November 1828 with his thesis De ratione una, universali, infinita (The One, Universal, and Infinite Reason).^[15]

Early writings[edit]

His first book, published anonymously, Gedanken über Tod und Unsterblichkeit (1830), contains an attack on personal immortality and an advocacy of the Spinozistic immortality of reabsorption in nature. These principles, combined with his embarrassed manner of public speaking, debarred him from academic advancement. After some years of struggling, during which he published his Geschichte der neueren Philosophie (2 vols., 1833–1837, 2nd ed. 1844), and Abelard und Heloise (1834, 3rd ed. 1877), he married in 1837 and lived a rural existence at Bruckberg near Nuremberg, supported by his wife's share in a small porcelain factory.

In two works of this period, Pierre Bayle (1838) and Philosophie und Christentum (1839), which deal largely with theology, he held that he had proven "that Christianity has in fact long vanished not only from the reason but from the life of mankind, that it is nothing more than a fixed idea."

Das Wesen des Christentums (The Essence of Christianity)[edit]

His most important work, Das Wesen des Christentums (1841), was translated by Mary Ann Evans (later known as George Eliot) into English as The Essence of Christianity.

Feuerbach's theme was a derivation of Hegel's speculative theology in which the Creation remains a part of the Creator, while the Creator remains greater than the Creation. When the student Feuerbach presented his own theory to professor Hegel, Hegel refused to reply positively to it.

In part I of his book Feuerbach develops what he calls the "true or anthropological essence of religion". Treating of God in his various aspects "as a being of the understanding", "as a moral being or law", "as love" and so on, Feuerbach talks of how humankind is equally a conscious being, more so than God because humans have placed upon God the ability of understanding. Humans contemplate many things and in doing so they become acquainted with themselves. Feuerbach shows that in every aspect God corresponds to some feature or need of human nature. As he states:

In the consciousness of the infinite, the conscious subject has for his object the infinity of his own nature.

Instead, Feuerbach concludes, "If man is to find contentment in God, he must find himself in God."

Thus God is nothing else than human: he is, so to speak, the outward projection of a human's inward nature. This projection is dubbed as a chimera by Feuerbach, that God and the idea of a higher being is dependent upon the aspect of benevolence. Feuerbach states that "a God who is not benevolent, not just, not wise, is no God", and continues to say that qualities are not suddenly denoted as divine because of their godly association. The qualities themselves are divine therefore making God divine, indicating that humans are capable of understanding and applying meanings of divinity to religion and not that religion makes a human divine.

The force of this attraction to religion, though, giving divinity to a figure like God, is explained by Feuerbach as God is a being that acts throughout humans in all forms. God "is the principle of [man's] salvation, of [man's] good dispositions and actions, consequently [man's] own good principle and nature." It appeals to humankind to give qualities to the idol of their religion because without these qualities a figure such as God would become merely an object, its importance would become obsolete, there would no longer be a feeling of an existence for God. Therefore, Feuerbach says, when humans remove all qualities from God, "God is no longer anything more to him than a negative being". Additionally, because humans are imaginative, God is given traits and there holds the appeal. God is a part of a human through the invention of a God. Equally, though, humans are repulsed by God because "God alone is the being who acts of himself".

In part II, he discusses the "false or theological essence of religion", i.e. the view which regards God as having a separate existence over against humankind. Hence arise various mistaken beliefs, such as the belief in revelation which he considers not only injures the moral sense but also "poisons, nay destroys, the divinest feeling in man, the sense of truth", and the belief in sacraments such as the Lord's Supper, which is to him a piece of religious materialism of which "the necessary consequences are superstition and immorality".

A caustic criticism of Feuerbach was delivered in 1844 by Max Stirner. In his book Der Einzige und sein Eigentum (The Ego and His Own). The pertinent portions of the two books, Feuerbach's reply, and Stirner's counter-reply form an instructive polemic (see external links).

After 1848[edit]

During the troubles of 1848–1849 Feuerbach's attack upon orthodoxy made him something of a hero with the revolutionary party; but he never threw himself into the political movement, and indeed lacked the qualities of a popular leader. During the period of the Frankfurt Congress he had given public lectures on religion at Heidelberg. When the diet closed he withdrew to Bruckberg and occupied himself partly with scientific study, partly with the composition of his Theogonie (1857).

In 1860 he was compelled by the failure of the porcelain factory to leave Bruckberg, and he would have suffered the extremity of want but for the assistance of friends supplemented by a public subscription. His last book, Gottheit, Freiheit und Unsterblichkeit, appeared in 1866 (2nd ed., 1890). After his second stroke incapacitated him in 1870, collections were made to aid his financial state, mainly through the Social Democratic Party of Germany, which he then joined the same year.^[16] He died on September 13, 1872. He is buried in Johannis-Friedhof Cemetery in Nuremberg, which is also where the artist Albrecht Dürer is interred.

Philosophical work[edit]

Essentially the thought of Feuerbach consisted in a new interpretation of religion's phenomena, giving an anthropological explanation. Following Schleiermacher’s theses, Feuerbach thought religion was principally a matter of feeling in its unrestricted subjectivity. So the feeling breaks through all the limits of understanding and manifests itself in several religious beliefs. But, beyond the feeling, is the fancy, the true maker of projections of "Gods" and of the sacred in general.

Works[edit]

De ratione una, universali, infinita (1828) (inaugural dissertation) (digitized by Google from the library of Ghent University).
Gedanken über Tod und Unsterblichkeit (1830).
Geschichte der neuern Philosophie von Bacon von Verulam bis Benedict Spinoza. Ansbach: C. Brügel. 1833. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
Abälard und Heloise, Oder Der Schriftsteller und der Mensch (1834).
Kritik des Anti-Hegels (1835). 2nd edition, 1844. University of Michigan; University of Wisconsin.
Geschichte der Neuern Philosophie; Darstellung, Entwicklung und Kritik der Leibniz'schen Philosophie (1837). University of Wisconsin.
Pierre Bayle (1838). University of California.
Über Philosophie und Christenthum (1839).
Das Wesen des Christenthums (1841). 2nd edition, 1848 (online).
- (in English) The Essence of Christianity (1854). Tr. Marian Evans. St. Mary's. 2nd edition, 1881. Oxford.
Grundsätze der Philosophie der Zukunft (1843). Gallica.
Vorläufige Thesen zur Reform der Philosophie (1843).
Das Wesen des Glaubens im Sinne Luther's (1844). Harvard.
Das Wesen der Religion (1846). 2nd edition, 1849. Stanford.
Erläuterungen und Ergänzungen zum Wesen des Christenthums (1846).
Ludwig Feuerbach's sämmtliche Werke (1846–1866).
- Volume 1, 1846. Gallica; NYPL.
- Volume 2, 1846. Gallica.
- Volume 3, 1847. Gallica; NYPL. 1876, Oxford.
- Volume 4, 1847. Gallica; Oxford.
- Volume 5, 1848. Gallica; NYPL.
- Volume 6, 1848. Gallica; NYPL.
- Volume 7, 1849. Gallica; Oxford.
- Volume 8, 1851. Gallica; NYPL.
- Volume 9, 1857. Gallica; NYPL.
- Volume 10, 1866. Gallica; NYPL.
Ludwig Feuerbach in seinem Briefwechsel und Nachlass (1874). 2 volumes. Oxford. Vol. 1. NYPL. Vol. 2. NYPL.
Briefwechsel zwischen Ludwig Feuerbach und Christian Kapp (1876). Harvard; Oxford.

Critical reception[edit]

According to Mathilde Blind:

Unlike his countrymen, whose writings on these subjects are usually enveloped in such an impenetrable mist that their most perilous ideas pass harmlessly over the heads of the multitude, Feuerbach, by his keen incisiveness of language and luminousness of exposition, was calculated to bring his meaning home to the average reader.^[17]

Influence[edit]

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were strongly influenced by Feuerbach's atheism, although they criticised him for his inconsistent espousal of materialism.^[8] Recently, Feuerbach was "reunderstood" as one of the forerunners of modern media theory.^[18]

Engels would make the following comment on Feuerbach's Essence of Christianity: "One must himself have experienced the liberating effect of this book to get an idea of it. Enthusiasm was general; we all became at once Feuerbachians. How enthusiastically Marx greeted the new conception and how much — in spite of all critical reservations — he was influenced by it, one may read in The Holy Family."^[19]

List of Egyptian hieroglyphs

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article contains Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic text.Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Egyptian hieroglyphs.

The total number of distinct Egyptian hieroglyphs increased over time from several hundred in the Middle Kingdom to several thousand during the Ptolemaic Kingdom.

In 1928/1929 Alan Gardiner published an overview of hieroglyphs, Gardiner's sign list, the basic modern standard. It describes 763 signs in 26 categories (A–Z, roughly). Georg Möller compiled more extensive lists, organized by historical epoch (published posthumously in 1927 and 1936).

In Unicode, the block Egyptian Hieroglyphs (2009) includes 1071 signs, organization based on Gardiner's list. As of 2016, there is a proposal by Michael Everson to extend the Unicode standard to comprise Möller's list.^[1]

Subsets[edit]

Notable subsets of hieroglyphs:^[2]

Letter classification by Gardiner[edit]

v t e Gardiner's sign list letter classification
Letter	Description	Category (individual hieroglyph articles)
A	§ Man and his occupations	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: man and his occupations (4)
B	§ Woman and her occupations	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: woman and her occupations (0)
C	§ Anthropomorphic deities	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: anthropomorphic deities (0)
D	§ Parts of the human body	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: parts of the human body (13)
E	§ Mammals	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: mammals (8)
F	§ Parts of mammals	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: parts of mammals (7)
G	§ Birds	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: birds (7)
H	§ Parts of birds	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: parts of birds (1)
I	§ Amphibious animals, reptiles, etc.	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: amphibious-animals-reptiles-etc (4)
K	§ Fishes and parts of fishes	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: fishes and parts of fishes (0)
L	§ Invertebrata and lesser animals	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: invertebrates and lesser animals (3)
M	§ Trees and plants	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: trees and plants (6)
N	§ Sky, earth, water	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: sky-earth-water (16)
NU	§ Upper nile	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs by category (27)
NL	§ Lower nile	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs by category (27)
O	§ Buildings, parts of buildings, etc.	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: buildings and parts-of-buildings-etc (12)
P	§ Ships and parts of ships	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: ships and parts of ships (2)
Q	§ Domestic and funerary furniture	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: domestic and funerary furniture (2)
R	§ Temple furniture and sacred emblems	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: temple furniture and emblems (7)
S	§ Crowns, dress, staves, etc.	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: crowns-dress-staves (14)
T	§ Warfare, hunting, butchery	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: warfare-hunting-butchery (4)
U	§ Agriculture, crafts, and professions	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: agriculture-crafts-and-professions (5)
V	§ Rope, fibre, baskets, bags, etc.	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: rope-fiber-baskets-bags (11)
W	§ Vessels of stone and earthenware	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: vessels of stone and earthenware (4)
X	§ Loaves and cakes	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: loaves and cakes (3)
Y	§ Writings, games, music	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: writings-games-music (4)
Z	§ Strokes, signs derived from Hieratic, geometrical features	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: strokes, signs derived from Hieratic, geometrical features (0)
Aa	§ Unclassified signs	Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: unclassified (6)

List of hieroglyphs[edit]

Hieroglyph

Gardiner
Unicode

Description

Transliteration

Phonetic

Notes

A

Man and his occupations

𓀀

A1
U+13000

seated man

I (masculine) (.j), man (z)
male, man, typical masculine role, son, courtier (masculine)

Commonly placed behind a name to indicate named person is male

𓀁

A2
U+13001

man with hand to mouth

eat (wnm)
drink (zwr)
speak, think, recount (sḏd)
refrain from speech, be(come) silent (gr)
love (mrj)

Activities involving the mouth, head, or ideas

𓀂

A3
U+13002

man sitting on heel

sit, besiege, dwell (ḥmsj)

𓀃

A4
U+13003

seated man with hands raised

offer, beseech (dwꜣ)
hide, conceal (jmn)

𓀄

A5
U+13004

crouching man hiding behind wall

hide (jmn)

Determinative for jmn, to hide, to conceal, secret, mysterious; also hidden person or thing, concealed, secret, mysterious (verb, noun, adjective)

𓀅

A5A
U+13005

seated man hiding behind wall

(as above)

𓀆

A6
U+13006

seated man under vase from which water flows

to be clean

Possibly refers to all aspects of 'clean' dependent on context, i.e. 'cleanliness', 'to cleanse', 'purify', etc.

𓀇

A6A
U+13007

seated man reaching for libation stone, under vase from which water flows

𓀈

A6B
U+13008

seated man reaching down, under vase from which water flows

𓀉

A7
U+13009

fatigued man

to be tired or weak (wrḏ)

𓀊

A8
U+1300A

man performing hnw-rite

rejoice, celebrate, to be jubilant(hnw)

Possibly also 'joyful', 'celebratory', etc.

𓀋

A9
U+1300B

man steadying basket on head

work, toil (kꜣt)
load (verb or noun), burden (ꜣdp)
carry or haul (fꜣj)

1a. ꜣtp, ꜣṯp
1b. -fꜣ, fꜣj
2. -kꜣt

1a. to load, to be laden, master of the load; equals Coptic language, ⲱⲧⲡ; (minor use for ꜣtp, ꜣṯp);
1b. to carry, to bear; additional constructs for carrier, bearer, supporter, (and types thereof); for fꜣ dnj, the "bearer-of-the-basket", see: Greek Kanephoros;
2. for kꜣt, kꜣwtj

𓀌

A10
U+1300C

seated man holding oar

to saw (sqdw)

𓀍

A11
U+1300D

seated man holding scepter of authority and shepherd's crook

friend (ḫnms)

𓀎

A12
U+1300E

soldier with bow and quiver

soldier, company/unit of soldiers(mnfyt), army/expedition (mšꜥ)

𓀏

A13
U+1300F

man with arms tied behind his back

enemy (ḫfty)
rebel (sbj)

Possibly also 'criminal', 'traitor', 'prisoner'

𓀐

A14
U+13010

falling man with blood streaming from his head

die (mwt)
enemy (ḫfty)

The wound is either self-inflicted or from a weapon strike.

The A14 figure could be a youth or child, being depicted without clothing, while A14A would be an adult.

𓀑

A14A
U+13011

man whose head is hit with an axe

𓀒

A15
U+13012

man falling

trap (ḫr)

ḫr (ḫ + r) biliteral

ḫ voiceless velar fricative

[x] in Old Egyptianuniliteral signs transliteration

𓀓

A16
U+13013

man bowing down

to bend or bow oneself (ksj)

ks
(and ks, ksj)

A. Determinative for ks, ksj, & ks, to bow, to do homage, to submit;
B. same for ḫꜣb, (and thematic words of ḫꜣ-ꜣ-b, star & luminary, hippopotamus, lamp & light, etc.)

𓀔

A17
U+13014

child sitting with hand to mouth

young, child (šrj)
orphan (nmḥ)

nnj, triliteral

A17, depicted with bare head, indicates the figure as a 'lower' class than A17A

𓀕

A17A
U+13015

child sitting with arms hanging down

Noble/Aristocratic Supplement for A3and A17 sitting, sitting youth

The head of A17A indicates the class of the figure to be of a 'higher' class than A17

𓀖

A18
U+13016

child wearing red crown

Child King

𓀗

A19
U+13017

bent man leaning on staff

old, to be fragile (jꜥw)
elder (smsw)
bigger (wr)
to lean (rhn)
to hit (ḥwj)

jk biliteral

Perhaps also wise and sage

𓀘

A20
U+13018

man leaning on forked staff

elder (smsw)

𓀙

A21
U+13019

man holding staff with handkerchief

Civil Servant (sr)
Courtier (smr)
High Official
strike (ḥwj)

𓀚

A22
U+1301A

statue of man with staff and scepter of authority

statue (ḥnṯ), (twt)

𓀛

A23
U+1301B

king with staff and mace with round head

monarch, lord, ruler(jty)

𓀜

A24
U+1301C

man striking with both hands

to hit or strike (ḥwj)
power, strength
teach lesson or instruct (sbꜣ)
call (njs)
be happy (ḥꜥj)

𓀝

A25
U+1301D

man striking, with left arm hanging behind back

to hit or strike (ḥwj) possibly 'attack'

Most likely synonymous with A24

𓀞

A26
U+1301E

man with one arm pointing forward

servant,
to call

𓀟

A27
U+1301F

hastening man

ḏn (ḏ + n) biliteral

Original Wiki English translation: sound sign for, only in "through" (jn)

Possibly this means to transition

𓀠

A28
U+13020

man with hands raised on either side

to be happy or in high spirits (qꜣj)
mourn (ḥꜣj)

to be high, to exalt

𓀡

A29
U+13021

man upside down

headlong or head over heels (sḫd)

𓀢

A30
U+13022

man with hands raised in front

offer, praise, laud, respect, entreat, beseech

𓀣

A31
U+13023

man with hands raised behind him

to turn away

The connotation is unclear

𓀤

A32
U+13024

man dancing with arms to the back

dance (ḫbj)
cheer, rejoice (hy-hnw)
be happy

Ideogram or det. for ḫbj, to dance; also det. for jb, jbw; jbꜣw, jbꜣ, for dance, dancer, etc.

𓀥

A32A
U+13025

man dancing with arms to the front

𓀦

A33
U+13026

man with stick and bundle on shoulder

to herd, (mnjw)
journey, tramp (ḫwsj)
shepherd (mnjw)
wander,
hike,
traveler, (ḫwsj)
construction, (qb)

𓀧

A34
U+13027

man pounding in a mortar

to stomp

Man grinding (etc.); to grind in a mortar, to build, to construct, etc.

𓀨

A35
U+13028

man building wall

to build (qd)

Man constructing: a "Mason"; Ideogram or det. for qd, Coptic “ⲔⲰⲦ“ "to construct"; (see Wall, (Collapsing)-Wall)

𓀩

A36
U+13029

man kneading into vessel

brewer (ꜥftj)

𓀪

A37
U+1302A

man in vessel

brewer (ꜥftj)

𓀫

A38
U+1302B

man holding necks of two emblematic animals with panther heads

Cusae (qjs)

𓀬

A39
U+1302C

man on two giraffes

Cusae (qjs)

𓀭

A40
U+1302D

seated god

Ptah
Month (mnṯw) divine/heavenly I (j),(jnk)
me, myself (wj)
God

𓀮

A40A
U+1302E

seated god with sceptre

𓀯

A41
U+1302F

king with uraeus

king (nsw)
majesty (ḥm) (royal)
I (j) (jnk)
me, myself (wj)

𓀰

A42
U+13030

king with uraeus and flagellum

king (nsw)
majesty (ḥm)(royal)
I (j) (jnk)
me, myself (wj)

𓀱

A42A
U+13031

king with uraeus and flagellum

𓀲

A43
U+13032

king wearing white crown

King of Upper Egypt (nsw)
Osiris (wsjr)

𓀳

A43A
U+13033

king wearing white crown with sceptre

𓀴

A44
U+13034

king wearing white crown with flagellum

King of Upper Egypt (nsw)
Osiris (wsjr)

𓀵

A45
U+13035

king wearing red crown

King of Lower Egypt (bjtj)

𓀶

A45A
U+13036

king wearing red crown with sceptre

𓀷

A46
U+13037

king wearing red crown with flagellum

King of Lower Egypt (bjtj)

𓀸

A47
U+13038

shepherd seated and wrapped in mantle, holding stick

shepherd (mnjw)
guard (sꜣw)

𓀹

A48
U+13039

beardless man seated and holding knife

belonging to (jrj)

𓀺

A49
U+1303A

seated Syrian holding stick

foreigner, Asian (ꜥꜣmw)

𓀻

A50
U+1303B

noble on chair

courtier (smr)
entrepreneur as in 'one or distinguished one who undertakes a task or distinguished task'
I (j) (jnk)
me, myself (wj)

𓀼

A51
U+1303C

noble on chair with flagellum

to be of noble blood (špsj)
entrepreneur of noble blood as in 'one or distinguished one who undertakes a task or distinguished task',
undertake a task (špsj)
one who does things

𓀽

A52
U+1303D

noble squatting with flagellum

to be of noble blood (špsj)
entrepreneur of noble blood^[3] as in 'one or distinguished one who undertakes a task or distinguished task' (špsj)

𓀾

A53
U+1303E

standing mummy

twt

Form, likeness, image, (double)
Tutankhamun: Form-Living-(of)-Amun

𓀿

A54
U+1303F

lying mummy

death (mnj)
dead

𓁀

A55
U+13040

mummy on bed

lie down(sḏr)
spend the night/overnight, corpse display (ḥꜣt)

Overnight meaning an overnight stay in any location, i.e. 'spend the night at home', 'spent the night in a hotel', 'slept over at (random person's name)'s house', etc.

𓁁

A56
U+13041

seated man holding stick

𓁂

A57
U+13042

man holding loaf on mat

𓁃

A58
U+13043

man applying hoe to ground

𓁄

A59
U+13044

man threatening with stick

to take away/withhold

𓁅

A60
U+13045

man sowing seeds

𓁆

A61
U+13046

man looking over his shoulder

𓁇

A62
U+13047

Asiatic

𓁈

A63
U+13048

king on throne holding staff

𓁉

A64
U+13049

man sitting on heels holding forward cup

𓁊

A65
U+1304A

man wearing tunic with fringes and holding mace

𓁋

A66
U+1304B

man holding sistrum

𓁌

A67
U+1304C

dwarf

𓁍

A68
U+1304D

man holding up knife

𓁎

A69
U+1304E

seated man with raised right arm and left arm hanging down

𓁏

A70
U+1304F

seated man with raised arms

Resembles D28 two arms upraised, the Ka arms

B

Woman and her occupations

𓁐

B1
U+13050

seated woman

woman (zt)
goddess (nṯrt)
daughter (zꜣt)
widow (hꜣrt)
singer (šmꜥyt)
(feminine) I (.j)

Commonly placed behind a name to indicate named person is female

𓁑

B2
U+13051

pregnant woman

to be pregnant (bkꜣ)
conceive (jwr)

𓁒

B3
U+13052

woman giving birth

to give birth (msj)

𓁓

B4
U+13053

combination of woman giving birth and three skins tied together

to give birth (msj)

𓁔

B5
U+13054

woman suckling child

to nurse, to nurture, to care for (rnn)
wet nurse (noun def. 1) (mnꜥt)

𓁕

B5A
U+13055

woman suckling child (simplified)

𓁖

B6
U+13056

woman on chair with child on lap

to rear

𓁗

B7
U+13057

queen wearing diadem and holding flower

𓁘

B8
U+13058

woman holding lotus flower

𓁙

B9
U+13059

woman holding sistrum

C

Anthropomorphic deities

𓁚

C1
U+1305A

god with sun-disk and uraeus

Re, sun god

rꜣ

𓁛

C2
U+1305B

god with falcon head and sun-disk holding ankh

Re, sun god

Variant of C1 god with sun-disk and uraeus

𓁜

C2A
U+1305C

god with falcon head and sun-disk

𓁝

C2B
U+1305D

C2A reversed

𓁞

C2C
U+1305E

C2 reversed

𓁟

C3
U+1305F

god with ibishead

God Thoth (ḏḥwty)

𓁠

C4
U+13060

god with ram head

God Chnum (ẖnmw)

Det. or Ideo. ẖnmw "Khnum"

𓁡

C5
U+13061

god with ram head holding ankh

God Chnum (ẖnmw)

Variant of C4 god with ram head

𓁢

C6
U+13062

god with jackalhead

God Anubis (jnpw)
God Upuaut (wp-wꜣwt)

𓁣

C7
U+13063

god with Seth-animal head

God Seth

𓁤

C8
U+13064

ithyphallic god with two plumes, uplifted arm and flagellum

God Min (mnw)

𓁥

C9
U+13065

goddess with horned sun-disk

Goddess Hathor (ḥwt)

𓁦

C10
U+13066

goddess with feather

Goddess Maat (mꜣꜥt)

Goddess Maat

𓁧

C10A
U+13067

goddess with feather holding ankh

𓁨

C11
U+13068

god with arms supporting the sky and palm branch on head

many,
million,
God Hah (ḥḥ)

Million, many
Heh (god)

𓁩

C12
U+13069

god with two plumes and scepter

God Amun (jmn)

See Amun

𓁪

C13
U+1306A

C12 reversed

𓁫

C14
U+1306B

god with two plumes and scimitar

𓁬

C15
U+1306C

C14 reversed

𓁭

C16
U+1306D

god wearing red crown with ankh

𓁮

C17
U+1306E

god with falcon head and two plumes

God Menthu (mntjw)

Det. and Ideo Mntw "Montu."

𓁯

C18
U+1306F

squatting god

God Tatenen (tꜣ-ṯnn)

Det. and Ideo. tꜣ-ṯnnii "Tatjenen."

𓁰

C19
U+13070

mummy-shaped god

God Ptah (ptḥ)

Det. and Ideo. Ptḥ "Ptah."

𓁱

C20
U+13071

mummy-shaped god in shrine

God Ptah (ptḥ);

Variant of C19 mummy-shaped god

𓁲

C21
U+13072

Bes

𓁳

C22
U+13073

god with falcon head and moon

𓁴

C23
U+13074

goddess with feline head and sun with uraeus

𓁵

C24
U+13075

god wearing red crown with scepter

D

Parts of the human body

𓁶

D1
U+13076

head

head (tp) (ḏꜣḏꜣ)
back of head (hꜣ)
behind (hꜣ)
neglect, to leave behind (mkḥꜣ)
forehead (dhnt)
appoint (dhn)

1. Ideogram for tp, "head"; other uses related to actions of the head; (example "the tp of the rebels", 'the "chief" of the rebels')
2. also for tp, see archaic dagger
3. (Narmer Palette shows 10 enemy heads-(decapitated))

Likely ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Resh and its descendants

𓁷

D2
U+13077

face

face
on, around, over, for

ḥr

1. Bil. hr-(ḥr)
2. Ideogram for 'face'
3. A major preposition for "on, upon", etc.; additional preposition constructs; 4. (see also: Nose, sometimes used for the face)

𓁸

D3
U+13078

hair

hair (šnj)
skin (jnm)
color (jwn)
nature, mourn (jꜣkb)
empty, barely, loss of hair (wš)

𓁹

D4
U+13079

eye

eye (jrt)
make (mꜣ)
see (mꜣꜣ)
watch, to be watchful, to be awake(rs)
to be blind (šp)

jr, ḏr (ḏ+r) biliteral

(mꜣ) (m + ꜣ) the biliteral in "lion" (mꜣj)

Osiris

Likely ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Ayin and its descendants

𓁺

D5
U+1307A

eye touched up with paint

eye (jrt)
view (dgi)
to be blind (šp)

𓁻

D6
U+1307B

eye with painted upper lid

eye (jrt)
view (dgi)
to be blind (šp)

𓁼

D7
U+1307C

eye with painted lower lid

eye make-up / eye paint (msdmt)
decorate, adorn, to be beautiful (ꜥn)
view (prt)
see (mꜣꜣ) (seldom, rarely used)

𓁽

D8
U+1307D

eye enclosed in sandy tract

in

𓁾

D8A
U+1307E

eye with painted lower lid enclosed in sandy tract

𓁿

D9
U+1307F

eye with flowing tears

𓂀

D10
U+13080

Eye of Horus

udjat-eye (wḏꜣt)

Eye of Horus

𓂁

D11
U+13081

left part of the eye of Horus

abbreviation for Heqat-measure grain

𓂂

D12
U+13082

pupil

Determinative for pupil (ḏfḏ) abbreviation for Heqat-measure grain

𓂃

D13
U+13083

eyebrow

abbreviation for 1/8 Heqat-measure grain

smd

Abbreviation for 1/8 Heqat-measure grain; in 2-fold execution (Determinative):, eyebrow (jnḥ) (two brows above one another)

𓂄

D14
U+13084

right part of eye of Horus

abbreviation for 1/16 Heqat-measure grain

𓂅

D15
U+13085

diagonal marking of eye of Horus

abbreviation for 1/32 Heqat-measure grain

𓂆

D16
U+13086

vertical marking of eye of Horus

abbreviation for 1/64 Heqat-measure grain

𓂇

D17
U+13087

diagonal and vertical markings of eye of Horus

determinative Smell (sn)
Ideogram for ear (msḏr)

𓂈

D18
U+13088

ear

to listen (sḏm)

Sound sign for ḫnt Determinative and Ideogram for nose (fnḏ), be happy (ršw), be (sfn) face, front (ḫnt), mild, itself wiedersetzten (btjn), disobediently

𓂉

D19
U+13089

nose, eye and cheek

fnḏ/fnd
šrt
ẖnt

Ideogram or det. for the "nose", fnḏ/fnd, šrt; det. for words relating to smell, joy, and the nose; det. for "face", (ẖnt), (and the phoneme for face)

𓂊

D20
U+1308A

nose, eye and cheek (cursive)

nose (fnḏ),
smell (sn),
be happy (ršw),
be (sfn)
face, front (ḫnt),
mild, itself wiedersetzten (btjn),
disobediently

ḫnt

Determinative and Ideogram for nose (fnḏ), smell (sn), be happy (ršw), be

(sfn) face, front (ḫnt), mild, itself wiedersetzten (bṯn), disobediently

𓂋

D21
U+1308B

mouth

rr
pẖr

r

To turn in the other direction.

Sound sign for r Ideogram for mouth. This on consonant sign is used in the so named Hieroglyphen-ABC to the reproduction of the consonant "r"

Likely ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Pe and its descendants

𓂌

D22
U+1308C

mouth with two strokes

ideogram for 2/3 (rꜣwj)

𓂍

D23
U+1308D

mouth with three strokes

ideogram for 3/4 (*ḫmt-rꜥw)

𓂎

D24
U+1308E

upper lip with teeth

ideogram for lip (spt), edge

𓂏

D25
U+1308F

lips

(both) lips (sptj)

The two lips

𓂐

D26
U+13090

liquid issuing from lips

spit (psg),
to spit, to vomit (bšj),
blood (snf)

𓂑

D27
U+13091

small breast

to suckle (snq)
breast (mnḏ)
wet nurse (mnꜥt)

𓂒

D27A
U+13092

large breast

to suckle (snq)
breast (mnḏ)
wet nurse (mnꜥt)

𓂓

D28
U+13093

two arms upraised

close
the Ka (life spirit) (kꜣ)

kꜣ
(bil.)

𓂔

D29
U+13094

combination of hieroglyphs D28 and R12

the (divine) Ka (life spirit) (kꜣ)

𓂕

D30
U+13095

two arms upraised with tail

The god Nehebkau (nḥb-kꜣw)

𓂖

D31
U+13096

arms embracing club

mortuary priest (ḥm-kꜣ)

𓂗

D31A
U+13097

two arms uppraised and club

𓂘

D32
U+13098

arms embracing

into the arms, comprise (jnq)
embrace (ḥpt)
open arms (pgꜣ)

𓂙

D33
U+13099

arms rowing

to row (ẖnj)
to fight (ꜥḥꜣ)

ẖn

biliteral

𓂚

D34
U+1309A

arms
with shield
and battle axe

ꜥḥꜣ

Ideogram for ꜥḥꜣ, "combat"; (fight, contest, struggle)-(noun or verb)

𓂛

D34A
U+1309B

arms with shield and mace

𓂜

D35
U+1309C

arms in gesture of negation

not (n, nn)
that which is not (jwtj)
do not know (ḫm)
shrine (ḫm)
forget (smḫ)

n

𓂝

D36
U+1309D

forearm (palm upwards)

ꜥ

Uniliteral sign representing Egyptian ayin

Likely ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Yodh and its descendants

𓂞

D37
U+1309E

forearm with bread cone

give (jmj)
give (rḏj, ḏj)

sound sign for ḏ (only in ḏdw busiris), mj (rarely), m (especially in: see (mk))

to give, or given

𓂟

D38
U+1309F

forearm with rounded loaf

to give (jmj)
to present (ḥnk)

mj, m

𓂠

D39
U+130A0

forearm with bowl

ḥnk

Determinative in ḥnk, "to make an offering", also: gift, offering, etc. (see also: List of portraiture offerings with Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs)

𓂡

D40
U+130A1

forearm with stick

strongly (nḫt)
to strike (ḥwj)
to examine (ḫꜣj)
abbreviation for power

𓂢

D41
U+130A2

forearm with palm down and bent upper arm

arm (gbꜣ), shoulder (rmn), to the left (jꜣbj), sing (ḥsj), actions with arm: bend (ḥms), movement: stop (grḥ), deny (nj) protect (ḫwj) lead (ḫrp)

nj (rarely)

𓂣

D42
U+130A3

forearm with palm down and straight upper arm

yard (make)

mḥ

𓂤

D43
U+130A4

forearm with flail

ḫwj

1. Ideogram for ḫwj, "to protect"

𓂥

D44
U+130A5

arm with sekhem scepter

𓂦

D45
U+130A6

arm with wand

ḏsr
(tril.)

to be holy, to segregate
See ḏsr

𓂧

D46
U+130A7

hand

hand (ḏrt)

'red', in Egyptian hieroglyphs for word constructs

Likely ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Kaph and its descendants

𓂨

D46A
U+130A8

liquid falling from hand

"to cense", "to pour out a libation"; as the noun, "incense", "incense offering", "dew" notes= For the noun, Coptic language ⲉⲓⲱⲧⲉ-, (Egyptian jd, jdj, jdt), for dew, mist, vapour, rain-storm, moisture, exudation (under spelling of Egyp. lang. iad.

𓂩

D47
U+130A9

hand with palm up

hand (ḏrt)

𓂪

D48
U+130AA

hand without thumb

hand width (šsp)

𓂫

D48A
U+130AB

hand holding egg

𓂬

D49
U+130AC

fist

grasp (ꜣmm)

𓂭

D50
U+130AD

one finger

finger (ḏbꜥ)
abbreviation for 10,000 (ḏbꜥ)

𓂮

D50A
U+130AE

two fingers

𓂯

D50B
U+130AF

three fingers

𓂰

D50C
U+130B0

four fingers

𓂱

D50D
U+130B1

five fingers

𓂲

D50E
U+130B2

six fingers

𓂳

D50F
U+130B3

seven fingers

𓂴

D50G
U+130B4

eight fingers

𓂵

D50H
U+130B5

nine fingers

𓂶

D50I
U+130B6

five fingers (row)

𓂷

D51
U+130B7

one finger (horizontal)

finger nail (ꜥnt)
Activities with finger: measure (ḫꜣj), take (ṯꜣj), go (jw, šm)

dqr

𓂸

D52
U+130B8

phallus

phallus (ḥnn)

mt

Excluded from default fonts by some OS vendors.^[4]

𓂹

D52A
U+130B9

phallus with folded cloth

Excluded from default fonts by some OS vendors.^[4]

𓂺

D53
U+130BA

phallus with emission

in before (m bꜣḥ), phallus (ḥnn), urinate (wsš), seed (mtwt), man (ṯꜣy), husband (hj)

Excluded from default fonts by some OS vendors.^[4]

𓂻

D54
U+130BB

legs walking

approach (tkn) enterprise (nmtt), do not move, stop Injure leg (rd), thigh (mnt)

𓂼

D54A
U+130BC

hieratic legs walking

𓂽

D55
U+130BD

legs walking backwards

𓂾

D56
U+130BE

leg

rd

Ideo., det. for rd, "leg"; Det. "to tread"
Also: for pds, wꜥrt, sbq

𓂿

D57
U+130BF

leg with knife

mutilates become (jꜣtj)

𓃀

D58
U+130C0

foot

place (bw)

b

𓃁

D59
U+130C1

foot and forearm

𓃂

D60
U+130C2

foot under vase from which water flows

be pure, clean (wꜥb)

wꜥb

𓃃

D61
U+130C3

three toes oriented leftward

toe (sꜣḥ)

𓃄

D62
U+130C4

three toes oriented rightward

toe (sꜣḥ)

𓃅

D63
U+130C5

two toes oriented leftward

toe (sꜣḥ)

𓃆

D64
U+130C6

hand with palm down

𓃇

D65
U+130C7

lock of hair

𓃈

D66
U+130C8

arm with reed pen

𓃉

D67
U+130C9

one dot

𓃊

D67A
U+130CA

two dots

𓃋

D67B
U+130CB

three dots

𓃌

D67C
U+130CC

four dots

𓃍

D67D
U+130CD

five dots

𓃎

D67E
U+130CE

six dots

𓃏

D67F
U+130CF

seven dots

𓃐

D67G
U+130D0

eight dots

𓃑

D67H
U+130D1

nine dots

E

Mammals

𓃒

E1
U+130D2

bull

kꜣ

𓃓

E2
U+130D3

bull charging

kꜣ-kḫt

𓃔

E3
U+130D4

calf

bḥs

𓃕

E4
U+130D5

sacred cow

ḥsꜣt

𓃖

E5
U+130D6

cow suckling calf

ꜣms

𓃗

E6
U+130D7

horse

ssmt jbr

𓃘

E7
U+130D8

donkey

𓃙

E8
U+130D9

kid

ib

jb

1. Phoneme ib for 'young goat'
2. Determinative for words of 'young farm animals'
3. (See also F34 for ib)

𓃚

E8A
U+130DA

kid jumping

𓃛

E9
U+130DB

newborn hartebeest

"iu"

jw

Determinative, for newborn animals, etc.

𓃜

E9A
U+130DC

mature bovine lying down

𓃝

E10
U+130DD

ram

bꜣ ẖnmw

𓃞

E11
U+130DE

ram

bꜣ ẖnmw

𓃟

E12
U+130DF

pig

rrj

𓃠

E13
U+130E0

cat

miu

mjw

Determinative for cat, as well as for the onomatopoeicEgyptian miu

𓃡

E14
U+130E1

dog

jw ṯsm

𓃢

E15
U+130E2

lying canine

jnpw ḥrj-sštꜣ

𓃣

E16
U+130E3

lying canine on shrine

jnpw ḥrj-sštꜣ

𓃤

E16A
U+130E4

lying canine on shrine with flagellum

𓃥

E17
U+130E5

jackal

sꜣb

𓃦

E17A
U+130E6

jackal looking back

𓃧

E18
U+130E7

wolf on standard

wpj-wꜣwt

𓃨

E19
U+130E8

wolf on standard with mace

wpj-wꜣwt

𓃩

E20
U+130E9

Set-animal

stẖ, stš, swti ẖnnw

Set (mythology)

𓃪

E20A
U+130EA

Set-animal on basket

𓃫

E21
U+130EB

lying Set-animal

nšnj

𓃬

E22
U+130EC

lion

mꜣi

mꜣj

Ideogram for standing lion, mꜣi

𓃭

E23
U+130ED

lying lion

rw, later r, l

𓃮

E24
U+130EE

panther

ꜣby

𓃯

E25
U+130EF

hippopotamus

db

𓃰

E26
U+130F0

elephant

ꜣbw
ꜣb
dnhr-(Ptolemaic)

ꜣbw

1. Determinative in ꜣbw, elephant (ultimate source of English word ivory); phonetic ꜣb
2. Ptolemaic Kingdom, new use of dnhr

𓃱

E27
U+130F1

giraffe

mmj sr

𓃲

E28
U+130F2

oryx

gḥs

mꜣ-ḥḏ

Gazelle (Gḥs-t, a Gazelle-Goddess)

𓃳

E28A
U+130F3

oryx with irrigation system

𓃴

E29
U+130F4

gazelle

gḥs

𓃵

E30
U+130F5

ibex

njꜣw

𓃶

E31
U+130F6

goat with collar

sꜥḥ

𓃷

E32
U+130F7

baboon

jꜥn, ky, qnd

𓃸

E33
U+130F8

monkey

gjf

𓃹

E34
U+130F9

hare

wn
(bil.)

wn

𓃺

E34A
U+130FA

hare (low)

𓃻

E36
U+130FB

baboon

𓃼

E37
U+130FC

baboon with receptacle and basket

𓃽

E38
U+130FD

long-horned bull

F

Parts of mammals

𓃾

F1
U+130FE

ox head

kꜣ

Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Aleph and its descendants

𓃿

F1A
U+130FF

bovine head

fnḏ

alone is fnḏ (nose) but is also determinative for sn (kiss, smell). Interchangeable with D19

𓄀

F2
U+13100

charging ox head

ḏnd

𓄁

F3
U+13101

hippopotamus head

ꜣt

𓄂

F4
U+13102

forepart of lion

ḥꜣt

𓄃

F5
U+13103

hartebeest head

šsꜣ

𓄄

F6
U+13104

forepart of hartebeest

šsꜣ

𓄅

F7
U+13105

ram head

šfyt

𓄆

F8
U+13106

forepart of ram

šfyt

𓄇

F9
U+13107

leopard
head

pḥty

Determinative or abbreviation for pḥty, "strength"

𓄈

F10
U+13108

head and neck of animal

ḫḫ

𓄉

F11
U+13109

head and neck of animal

ḫḫ

𓄊

F12
U+1310A

head and neck of animal

wsr

𓄋

F13
U+1310B

horns

wp, jp

"Open", the New Year festival, opening the year

𓄌

F13A
U+1310C

horns

𓄍

F14
U+1310D

horns with palm branch

wpt-rnpt

(see: Renpet)

𓄎

F15
U+1310E

horns with palm branch and sun

wpt-rnpt

𓄏

F16
U+1310F

horn

ꜥb

𓄐

F17
U+13110

horn and vase from which water flows

ꜥbw

𓄑

F18
U+13111

tusk

bḥ, ḥw

𓄒

F19
U+13112

lower jaw-bone of ox

ꜥrt

𓄓

F20
U+13113

tongue

ns

1. Egyp. bil. ns.
2. A-tongue, and related words for speech; B-30th-(the 'Last Day of the Month'), and therefore, (next)-last

𓄔

F21
U+13114

ear of bovine

msḏr, ḏrḏ, sḏm

𓄕

F21A
U+13115

hieratic ear of bovine

𓄖

F22
U+13116

hind-quarters of lion

pḥ

1. Ideas of 'physical force', and 'strength, (from the legs of the hindparts);
2. Biliteral pḥ;
3. see also: "forepart of lion", what is 'foremost', what 'excels', etc.,

𓄗

F23
U+13117

foreleg
of ox

ḫpš

1. ḫpš, khepesh
2. the reversed hieroglyph means, "strength", "power"

𓄘

F24
U+13118

F23 reversed

ḫpš

𓄙

F25
U+13119

leg of
ox

wḥm

1. Meanings of: "repeat, repetition"
2. Tril. for wḥm
3. Ideogram for "bovine leg"
4. (to repeat, narrate, recount, tell a story, tell a dream)

𓄚

F26
U+1311A

skin of goat

ẖn

𓄛

F27
U+1311B

skin of cow with bent tail

dḥr, pnw

𓄜

F28
U+1311C

skin of cow with straight tail

ꜣb

𓄝

F29
U+1311D

cow's skin pierced by arrow

sṯ

Piercing rays
see ubn, (sun-with-rays)

𓄞

F30
U+1311E

water-
skin

šd

1. Determinative for šdw, "belly"; phon. for šd
2. (See: similar shaped hieroglyph: V22 whip)

𓄟

F31
U+1311F

three skins tied together

ms

Bil. ms, "born", "born-of"; example, Pharaoh Ahmose, "Moon-Born"; Kamose, "Spirit-Born"

𓄠

F31A
U+13120

three skins tied together

𓄡

F32
U+13121

animal's belly

ẖ

𓄢

F33
U+13122

tail

sd

sd

1. Determinative for sd, "tail"; then phon., sd
2. (See: the Sed festival, 'Festival of the Tail')

𓄣

F34
U+13123

heart

ib

jb

Ideogram or det. for ib, "heart" or also ḥ3ty that also means "heart";
(See also E8 young goat, for ib)

𓄤

F35
U+13124

heart and
windpipe

nfr

nfr

Egyptian triliteral sign for nfr, (beauty), or "perfect"

Likely ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Teth and its descendants

𓄥

F36
U+13125

lung and windpipe

smꜣ
(tril.)

smꜣ

Egyptian "lung", sma-(smꜣ); used for union, (as in the "Two Lands", "Upper and Lower Egypt)-(Lower Egypt=the Nile Delta); Ideogram or det. for "unite", "join"

𓄦

F37
U+13126

backbone and ribs and spinal cord

šꜥt

jꜣt

Wounds, slaughter, carnage

𓄧

F37A
U+13127

backbone and ribs

𓄨

F38
U+13128

backbone and ribs

jꜣt

𓄩

F38A
U+13129

backbone and ribs and spinal cord

𓄪

F39
U+1312A

backbone and spinal cord

jmꜣḫ

𓄫

F40
U+1312B

backbone and spinal cords

ꜣw
(bil.)

ꜣw

To be long, length, to extend
Pharaoh: Extent of Happiness-(for Egypt-Land),

, (on reliefs)
(i.e. the Welfare of the Nation)

𓄬

F41
U+1312C

vertebrae

psḏ

𓄭

F42
U+1312D

rib

spr

𓄮

F43
U+1312E

ribs

spḥt

𓄯

F44
U+1312F

bone with meat

jsw
jwꜥ, jw
swt

jsw

1. Phoneme, jsw-"Reward".
2. Determinative for thigh bone, jwꜥ-"Heir", Inheritance, Ancestry, (phonetic jw. Also, tibia, swt

𓄰

F45
U+13130

uterus

vulva, womb, cow

jdt

𓄱

F45A
U+13131

uterus

𓄲

F46
U+13132

intestine

pẖr, rr
wḏb

pẖr, dbn

Egyptian language, wḏb; from dikeworks, to turn round, to change the direction, (crop rows)

𓄳

F46A
U+13133

intestine

pẖr, dbn

𓄴

F47
U+13134

intestine

pẖr, dbn

𓄵

F47A
U+13135

intestine

pẖr, dbn

𓄶

F48
U+13136

intestine

pẖr, dbn

𓄷

F49
U+13137

intestine

pẖr, dbn

𓄸

F50
U+13138

combination of F46 and S29

spẖr

spẖr

to write, to engrave

𓄹

F51
U+13139

piece of flesh

ꜣs, ws

𓄺

F51A
U+1313A

three pieces of flesh horizontally

𓄻

F51B
U+1313B

three pieces of flesh vertically

𓄼

F51C
U+1313C

F51 reversed

𓄽

F52
U+1313D

excrement

ḥs

ḥs

Determinative in hs-(ḥs), "excrement"

𓄾

F53
U+1313E

divine rod with ram head

G

Birds

𓄿

G1
U+1313F

Egyptian vulture

ꜣ

Uniliteral sign representing Egyptian alef

𓅀

G2
U+13140

two Egyptian vultures

ꜣꜣ

𓅁

G3
U+13141

combination of Egyptian vulture and sickle

mꜣ

𓅂

G4
U+13142

buzzard

tjw

tjw

Tril. tjw

𓅃

G5
U+13143

falcon

ḥrw

Horus; about 200 Horus-god names; an example: Horus-the-Child, Greek language-equivalent, Harpokrates; Egyptian, ḥrw-pꜣ-ẖrd,

𓅄

G6
U+13144

combination of falcon and flaggellum

falcon (bjk)

Id. ḥrw

𓅅

G6A
U+13145

falcon on basket

𓅆

G7
U+13146

falcon on standard

Various words related to the divine

nswt or ny-sw.t

𓅇

G7A
U+13147

falcon in boat

𓅈

G7B
U+13148

falcon in boat

𓅉

G8
U+13149

falcon on collar of beads

Id. ḥr-nbw/bjk-nbw

𓅊

G9
U+1314A

falcon with sun on head

skr

𓅋

G10
U+1314B

falcon in Sokar barque

Sokar, ḥnw-bark

𓅌

G11
U+1314C

image of falcon

𓅍

G11A
U+1314D

image of falcon on standard

𓅎

G12
U+1314E

combination of image of falcon and flagellum

𓅏

G13
U+1314F

image of falcon with two plumes

Sopdu

Id. ḥrw nḫnj

𓅐

G14
U+13150

vulture

vulture (nrt)

mwt

det. for mwt "mother"

𓅑

G15
U+13151

combination of vulture and flagellum

Mut

Id. mwt

𓅒

G16
U+13152

vulture and cobra each on a basket

Id. nbtj

See Two Ladies

𓅓

G17
U+13153

owl

m
(vertical)

m

𓅔

G18
U+13154

two owls

mm

𓅕

G19
U+13155

combination of owl and forearm with conical loaf

m, mj

𓅖

G20
U+13156

combination of owl and forearm

m, mj

𓅗

G20A
U+13157

combination of owl and mouth

𓅘

G21
U+13158

guinea-fowl

nḥ
(bil.)

nḥ, Id. nḥ

1. Egyp. bil. nḥ, for the bird; phon. for nḥ;
2. Ideas of petition, supplicate, beseech; for Egyptian language nḥ-t, nḥḥ-t, oil, unguent, equivalent of Coptic language, "ⲛⲉϩ";
3. for nḥḥ, eternity, or ever and ever, (see ḥḥ), Coptic "ⲉⲛⲉϩ"

𓅙

G22
U+13159

hoopoe

ḏb

𓅚

G23
U+1315A

lapwing

rḫyt-people

Id. rḫyt

𓅛

G24
U+1315B

lapwing with twisted wings

rḫyt-people

Id. rḫyt

𓅜

G25
U+1315C

northern bald ibis

(ꜣḫ)
(bil.)

ꜣḫ

Bil. ꜣḫ, for the 'divine'; also the ideogram

𓅝

G26
U+1315D

sacred Ibis on standard

Ibis (hb)

Id. ḏḥwtj

God Thoth, the god of scribes

𓅞

G26A
U+1315E

sacred Ibis

𓅟

G27
U+1315F

flamingo

flamingo (dšr)

dšr

𓅠

G28
U+13160

glossy ibis

gm
(bil.)

gm

to find, or to discover

𓅡

G29
U+13161

saddle-billed stork

bꜣ
(bil.)

bꜣ

𓅢

G30
U+13162

three saddle-billed storks

bꜣu

Id. bꜣw

Divine souls, souls of gods

𓅣

G31
U+13163

heron

Heron/Bennu-bird (bnw)

1. the heron-like Bennu
2. Determinative for bnw, the "Phoenix-bird"
3. For 'Phoenix' & Harp, in both cultures-(Egypt & Mesopotamia), one of few Akkadian, Semitic word similarities: Akkadian: banuA, to create, build, generate; and banuB, to be good, beautiful.^[5]

𓅤

G32
U+13164

heron on perch

to inundate (bꜥḥj)

Id. bꜥḥj

𓅥

G33
U+13165

cattle egret

to tremble (sdꜣ/sdꜣdꜣ)

𓅦

G34
U+13166

ostrich

ostrich (njw)

𓅧

G35
U+13167

cormorant

ꜥq

𓅨

G36
U+13168

swallow

swallow (mnt)

wr

bil. wr

𓅩

G36A
U+13169

swallow (low)

𓅪

G37
U+1316A

sparrow

Various words related to the idea of small or bad

𓅫

G37A
U+1316B

sparrow (low)

𓅬

G38
U+1316C

white-fronted goose

bird

zꜣ, sꜣ, sꜣ-t
(bil.)

1. "son of", "daughter of", sa, sa-t
2. goose

𓅭

G39
U+1316D

pintail

Pintail duck (zt)

zt

𓅮

G40
U+1316E

pintail flying

pꜣ
(bil.)

pꜣ

Ideogram and bil. for pꜣ, to fly; phoneme for pꜣ

𓅯

G41
U+1316F

pintail alighting

pꜣ

𓅰

G42
U+13170

widgeon

to fatten (wšꜣ), Food (ḏfꜣw)

Id. wšꜣ

𓅱

G43
U+13171

quail chick

w
u

w, Id. w

1. Unil. w, or u
2. Either "quail chick" or equivalent coil (hieroglyph), Gardiner Z7,

, used also for the plural at word endings

𓅲

G43A
U+13172

combination of quail chick and flat loaf

𓅳

G44
U+13173

two quail chicks

ww

𓅴

G45
U+13174

combination of quail chick and forearm

wꜥ

𓅵

G45A
U+13175

combination of quail chick and forearm with conical loaf

𓅶

G46
U+13176

combination of quail chick and sickle

mꜣw

𓅷

G47
U+13177

duckling

ṯꜣ
(bil.)

ṯꜣ

Bil. ṯꜣ, for 'baby bird', duckling; Ideogram for 'young bird'
(The Egyptian vizier is the "ṯꜣty")

𓅸

G48
U+13178

three ducklings in nest

nest, pond, marsh (sš)

Id. sš

𓅹

G49
U+13179

three ducklings in pool

nest, pond, marsh (sš)

Id. sš

𓅺

G50
U+1317A

two plovers

Id. rḫtj

𓅻

G51
U+1317B

bird pecking at fish

to catch fish (ḥꜣm/ḥjm)

𓅼

G52
U+1317C

goose picking up grain

to feed (snm)

𓅽

G53
U+1317D

human-headed bird with bowl with smoke

Ba (bꜣ), personality

Id. bꜣ

Ba

𓅾

G54
U+1317E

plucked bird

to wring (birds' necks) (wšn)

snḏ

1. Determinative for wšn, Egyptian: "twist the neck (of a bird)"
2. Phonetically sn(tj), (snṯ)
3. (see Trussed-goose Palette)

H

Parts of birds

𓅿

H1
U+1317F

head of pintail

bird (in ringing of bird's neck wšn)

mꜣꜥ, wšm, pq (pꜣq)

1. an abbreviation for ꜣpd, "bird"

𓆀

H2
U+13180

head of crested bird

mꜣꜥ, wšm, pq (pꜣq)

1. Phoneme for pq
2. Also as:

H2a

(head

of

duck

(one

type))

or

(cloth

apparel

covering

etc

)

𓆁

H3
U+13181

head of spoonbill

pꜣq

𓆂

H4
U+13182

head of vulture

nr, rmṯ in "people"

𓆃

H5
U+13183

wing

wing (ḏnḥ), fly (pꜣ)

Wing

𓆄

H6
U+13184

feather

feather (šwt), Maat (mꜣꜥt), šw

God Shu, goddess Maat; Maat's Shu feather

𓆅

H6A
U+13185

hieratic feather

𓆆

H7
U+13186

claw

šꜣ (only in country šꜣt)

𓆇

H8
U+13187

egg

son, egg (swḥt)

det. for feminine in goddess names, wives, etc.; det. in swḥt, 'egg'

I

Amphibious animals, reptiles, etc.

𓆈

I1
U+13188

gecko

ꜥšꜣ
(tril.)

1. "multitudes", (=the populace, etc.)
2. Det. or ideo. in ꜥšꜣ "lizard"; also the tril.

𓆉

I2
U+13189

turtle

št

Turtle

𓆊

I3
U+1318A

crocodile

𓆋

I4
U+1318B

crocodile
on shrine

sbk

Ideogram of det. for sbk, (Sobek); (see also Crocodile)

𓆌

I5
U+1318C

crocodile with curved tail

𓆍

I5A
U+1318D

image of crocodile

𓆎

I6
U+1318E

crocodile scales

𓆏

I7
U+1318F

frog

ḥqt
(ꜥbḫn and qrr)

Determinative, frog; (See also (frog)-Goddess Heket, her 'emblem'); noun words for 'frog': ꜥbḫn, qrr

𓆐

I8
U+13190

tadpole

ḥfn
100,000

100,000

𓆑

I9
U+13191

horned viper

f

1. Uniliteral f
2. 3rd person singular masculine suffix pronoun

𓆒

I9A
U+13192

horned viper crawling out of enclosure

𓆓

I10
U+13193

cobra

ḏ

to speak

Likely ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Nun and its descendants

𓆔

I10A
U+13194

cobra with feather

𓆕

I11
U+13195

two cobras

𓆖

I11A
U+13196

combination of cobra, flat loaf and sandy tract

𓆗

I12
U+13197

erect cobra

jꜥrt

Uraeus; Determinative for jꜥrt "uraeus", and also in goddess names

𓆘

I13
U+13198

erect cobra on basket

𓆙

I14
U+13199

snake

𓆚

I15
U+1319A

snake

K

Fishes and parts of fishes

𓆛

K1
U+1319B

tilapia

Nile tilapia jnt or flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus)

jnt, jn
(bil.)-jn

Egyptian biliteral sign jn; det. for "Tilapia", jnt; phoneme for jn; the common fish shape for reliefs & art; also for the fish cosmetic palettes

𓆜

K2
U+1319C

barbel

bw

𓆝

K3
U+1319D

mullet

flathead mullet (ꜥḏw)

or ꜥḏ only in "country commissioner (ꜥḏ-mr)"

𓆞

K4
U+1319E

elephant-snout fish

Mormyrus (ẖꜣt)

ẖꜣ

1. Phonetic value ẖꜣ, from name, ideogram ẖjt
2. Bil. for ẖꜣ

𓆟

K5
U+1319F

Petrocephalus bane

petrocephalus bane (rm)

bs

𓆠

K6
U+131A0

fish scale

fish scale (nšmt)

𓆡

K7
U+131A1

puffer

Nile pufferfish, annoying (špt)

𓆢

K8
U+131A2

catfish

L

Invertebrata and lesser animals

𓆣

L1
U+131A3

dung beetle

dung beetle, become, emerge

ḫpr

See: Scarab (artifact)
See: God Khepri

𓆤

L2
U+131A4

bee

bee (bjt)

for bjt (only in "king of lower Egypt" (bjt))

This hieroglyphic shows the very important hieroglyphic for bee, that stands also for honey. It is found very often on pharaonic naming-inscriptions-(as the combined term: Nesu-bity), because this hieroglyphic is a symbol for Lower Egypt together with the sedge, the symbol that stands for Upper Egypt, showing the domination of the Pharaohs over Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.

See also nswt-bjt

𓆥

L2A
U+131A5

combination of bee, sedge and two flat loafs

𓆦

L3
U+131A6

fly

fly (ꜥff)

𓆧

L4
U+131A7

locust

Grasshopper (snḥmn), locust

𓆨

L5
U+131A8

centipede

centipede (spꜣ)

𓆩

L6
U+131A9

shell

ḫꜣ (rarely)

𓆪

L6A
U+131AA

L6 reversed

𓆫

L7
U+131AB

scorpion

Selkis, scorpion goddess (srqt)

Modified for religious reasons

𓆬

L8
U+131AC

M

Trees and plants

𓆭

M1
U+131AD

tree

𓆮

M1A
U+131AE

combination of tree and branch

𓆯

M1B
U+131AF

combination of tree and horned viper

𓆰

M2
U+131B0

plant

ḥn-(from ḥnj)
js-(from jsw)

1. Determinative for various plants or flowers
2. Two phonemes for "cane", and "canes", ḥn-(from ḥnj), js-(from jsw).
3. flower (garland), plant, branch, seed
4. Rosetta Stone, line R12, The people shall wear garlands on their heads, shall be made festal...

𓆱

M3
U+131B1

branch

ḫt

1. Bil. ḫt
2. Ideo. or det. for wood, tree; 3. linear measure, (=100 cubits)

𓆲

M3A
U+131B2

combination of owl and branch

𓆳

M4
U+131B3

palm branch

𓆴

M5
U+131B4

combination of palm branch and flat loaf

𓆵

M6
U+131B5

combination of palm branch and mouth

𓆶

M7
U+131B6

combination of palm branch and stool

𓆷

M8
U+131B7

pool with lotus flowers

šꜣ

1. Ideogram & Phoneme for šꜣ, "flooded country"
2. Ideogram for aḫt, Season of the Inundation

𓆸

M9
U+131B8

lotus flower

sšn
(also snšn)

A. Ideogram or det. in sšn, lotus flower;
B. Greek language 'souson';
C. also det. for snšn, for lily, lotus

𓆹

M10
U+131B9

lotus bud with straight stem

𓆺

M10A
U+131BA

lotus bud with winding stem

𓆻

M11
U+131BB

flower on long twisted stalk

wtn

An offering, gift; make a gift; see wḏb

𓆼

M12
U+131BC

one lotus plant

1000
ḫꜣ

Ideogram for ḫꜣ, a part of the lotus; phonetically used for ḫꜣ; in Egyptian mathematics, 1000: (see also ksj, bow, bend, do homage, etc., for ḫꜣ-ꜣ-b)

𓆽

M12A
U+131BD

two lotus plants

2000

𓆾

M12B
U+131BE

three lotus plants

3000

𓆿

M12C
U+131BF

four lotus plants

4000

𓇀

M12D
U+131C0

five lotus plants

5000

𓇁

M12E
U+131C1

six lotus plants

6000

𓇂

M12F
U+131C2

seven lotus plants

7000

𓇃

M12G
U+131C3

eight lotus plants

8000

𓇄

M12H
U+131C4

nine lotus plants

9000

𓇅

M13
U+131C5

papyrus
stem

wꜣḏ

(tril.)

Tril. wꜣḏ

𓇆

M14
U+131C6

combination of papyrus and cobra

𓇇

M15
U+131C7

clump of papyrus with buds

𓇈

M15A
U+131C8

combination of clump of papyrus with buds and village

𓇉

M16
U+131C9

clump of papyrus

mḥw

Symbol of Lower Egypt

𓇊

M16A
U+131CA

combination of clump of papyrus and village

𓇋

M17
U+131CB

reed

j

Alphabetic uniliteral vowel j

𓇌

M17A
U+131CC

two reeds

𓇍

M18
U+131CD

combination of reed and legs walking

jj
jt

Combined sound-sign, determinative for j(+j); come, to come, coming, etc.

𓇎

M19
U+131CE

heaped conical cakes between reed and club

𓇏

M20
U+131CF

field of reeds

𓇐

M21
U+131D0

reeds with root

𓇑

M22
U+131D1

rush

Likely ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Tsade and its descendants

𓇒

M22A
U+131D2

two rushes

nn

proximal demonstrative "this, that"

𓇓

M23
U+131D3

sedge

sw

See nswt-bjt

𓇔

M24
U+131D4

combination of sedge and mouth

rs

Alternate version of M25 𓇖. South

𓇕

M24A
U+131D5

lily

𓇖

M25
U+131D6

combination of flowering sedge and mouth

rs

Upper Egypt; also, the South

𓇗

M26
U+131D7

flowering
sedge

šmꜥ

Flowering rush; also Gardiner nos. M25, M27, M28,

𓇘

M27
U+131D8

combination of flowering sedge and forearm

𓇙

M28
U+131D9

combination of flowering sedge and hobble

𓇚

M28A
U+131DA

three lilies on village

𓇛

M29
U+131DB

seed-pod

nḏm
(tril.)

1. Ideogram for types of tree nḏm, and "sweet", nḏm;
2. Egyptian triliteral sign for nḏm "date"

𓇜

M30
U+131DC

root

bnr

Ideogram or det. for bnr, sweet, date; for Egyptian language bnrjt, sweetness, a favor, anything sweet, pleasant or nice; for bnryty, the 'confectioner'

𓇝

M31
U+131DD

rhizome

𓇞

M31A
U+131DE

tree in vase

𓇟

M32
U+131DF

rhizome

𓇠

M33
U+131E0

3 grains horizontally

𓇡

M33A
U+131E1

3 grains vertically

𓇢

M33B
U+131E2

3 grains in triangular arrangement

𓇣

M34
U+131E3

ear of emmer

𓇤

M35
U+131E4

stack
(of grain)

(kh)ty
ꜥḥꜥ-ꜥḥꜥw

Determinative in 1. ꜥḥꜥ-ꜥḥꜥw, for "stack-(of grain)"; (or other determiners for: food, provisions, stores, heaps of grain, wealth, riches, abundance);
2. and (kh)ty, 'heap of grain', where (kh)tyt, is "barn floor", or "place where grain is stored for sale"

𓇥

M36
U+131E5

bundle of flax

1-ḏr
many word
constructs
2-dma
(bil.)-ḏr

1. Bil. & phoneme for ḏr;
2. Determinative for dmꜣ, to tie together, to bind, to gather together, to collect

𓇦

M37
U+131E6

bundle of flax

𓇧

M38
U+131E7

wide bundle of flax

𓇨

M39
U+131E8

basket of fruit or grain

1. ḏr
2. dmꜥ (to-gather)
(bil.)
ḏr-(equivalent)

1. see "Bundle of Flax";
2. interchangeable with 'Bundle of Flax', bil. ḏr;
3A. Determinative; 3B. for the Decree of Canopus, used once, line 18, for Egyptian language rd, (to grow, to flourish, to spring up, to spread out)

as a replacement for the "Garland"-(3-Plants-Bundle), "...., and the great processional festival of the Goddess Bast, because the time for the in-gathering of all the crops, and the inundation of the Nile (River) taketh place therein. ...."^[6]

𓇩

M40
U+131E9

bundle of reeds

𓇪

M40A
U+131EA

bundle of reeds

𓇫

M41
U+131EB

piece of wood

𓇬

M42
U+131EC

flower

𓇭

M43
U+131ED

vine on trellis

𓇮

M44
U+131EE

thorn

spd
srt

Determinative for spd, "readiness", sharp, pointed, etc.; det. for srt, "thorn" Also means "giving"

N

Sky, earth, water

𓇯

N1
U+131EF

sky

pt

Sky, (or heaven), and often used as God/Pharaoh XXXX, Lord of Sky/Heaven,
hieroglyph block:

𓇰

N2
U+131F0

sky with sceptre

grḥ

Night, darkness

𓇱

N3
U+131F1

sky with sceptre

grḥ

Night, darkness

𓇲

N4
U+131F2

sky with rain

𓇳

N5
U+131F3

sun

Ra/Re (Every pharaoh's prenomen has 'Re' in it, the name of the sun god, sometimes written 'Ra')

𓇴

N6
U+131F4

sun with uraeus

Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Shin (letter) and its descendants

𓇵

N7
U+131F5

combination of sun and butcher's block

𓇶

N8
U+131F6

sunshine

𓇷

N9
U+131F7

moon with lower half obscured

psḏ

used for the Ennead (nine gods) and New moon festival

𓇸

N10
U+131F8

moon with lower section obscured

𓇹

N11
U+131F9

crescent moon

jꜥḥ

1. Det. "moon"; 2. Ideogram, jꜥḥ, 'moon'; 3. items of the 'month', (time period); see ploughing, laborer ("planting"), Gardiner T24, (also jꜥḥ)

𓇺

N12
U+131FA

crescent moon

𓇻

N13
U+131FB

combination of crescent moon and star

𓇼

N14
U+131FC

star

sbꜣ
dwꜣ

(tril.)-dwꜣ
(tril.)-sbꜣ

Ideogram or det. for sba-(sbꜣ), "star"; phonetic for dua-(dwꜣ)(dua); (see Duat)

𓇽

N15
U+131FD

star in circle

dwꜣt

Otherworld, the Duat

𓇾

N16
U+131FE

land with grains

tꜣ

Biliteral tꜣ "land", "country", etc.

𓇿

N17
U+131FF

land

Variant of N16

𓈀

N18
U+13200

sandy tract

𓈁

N18A
U+13201

combination of sandy tract and ripple of water

𓈂

N18B
U+13202

combination of roll of bread and bolt

𓈃

N19
U+13203

two sandy tracts

tꜣwj

In ḥrw tꜣš(w) tꜣwj "Horus who joins the two lands"

𓈄

N20
U+13204

tongue of land

𓈅

N21
U+13205

short tongue of land

𓈆

N22
U+13206

broad tongue of land

𓈇

N23
U+13207

irrigation canal

𓈈

N24
U+13208

irrigation canal system

spꜣt

𓈉

N25
U+13209

three hills

ḫꜣs(t)

part of ḫꜣst, for "hill country" or "foreign land". Det. for a place.

𓈊

N25A
U+1320A

three hills (low)

𓈋

N26
U+1320B

two hills

ḏw
(bil.)

Bil. ḏw, for "mountain"; ideogram and phoneme for "mountain"

𓈌

N27
U+1320C

sun over mountain

ꜣḫt

Ideogram for ꜣḫt, "horizon"; (see Akhenaten's townsite, Akhetaten)

𓈍

N28
U+1320D

rays of sun over hill

ḫꜥ

Bil. ḫꜥ; sun-rising (hieroglyph)

𓈎

N29
U+1320E

slope of hill

q

𓈏

N30
U+1320F

mound of earth

𓈐

N31
U+13210

road with shrubs

𓈑

N32
U+13211

lump of clay

𓈒

N33
U+13212

grain

𓈓

N33A
U+13213

three grains

𓈔

N34
U+13214

ingot of metal

𓈕

N34A
U+13215

ingot of metal

𓈖

N35
U+13216

ripple of water

n (including as a preposition to, for, towards; of)

Likely ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Mem and its descendants

𓈗

N35A
U+13217

three ripples of water

mw

𓈘

N36
U+13218

canal

mr

mr-(Beloved of XX); det. water; (see also for mr, Chisel)

𓈙

N37
U+13219

pool

š

Uniliteral š, a pool

𓈚

N37A
U+1321A

pool

𓈛

N38
U+1321B

deep pool

𓈜

N39
U+1321C

pool with water

1. jnr
2. ḏbt
dby-t-plinth

1. block of stone, (or brick, etc.)
2. Ideogram or det. in inr for "stone", "block", etc.
3. Det. in types of building stones or types of minerals
4A. Det. for dbt-(ḏbt), "brick"; 4B. dby-t-plinth, pedestal

𓈝

N40
U+1321D

pool
with legs

Pool with walking legs

𓈞

N41
U+1321E

well with ripple of water

ḥmt
bjꜣ

Phonemes for ḥmt, biꜣ; A "basin", but commonly used for 'wife', or 'woman'

𓈟

N42
U+1321F

well with line of water

NL

Lower nile

Lower Nile

𓈠

NL1
U+13220

1st Nome of Lower Egypt (NL001), Inebu-Hedj

𓈡

NL2
U+13221

2nd Nome of Lower Egypt (NL002)

𓈢

NL3
U+13222

3rd Nome of Lower Egypt (NL003)

𓈣

NL4
U+13223

4th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL004)

𓈤

NL5
U+13224

5th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL005)

𓈥

NL5a
U+13225

5th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL005A)

𓈦

NL6
U+13226

6th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL006), Khaset

𓈧

NL7
U+13227

7th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL007)

𓈨

NL8
U+13228

8th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL008)

𓈩

NL9
U+13229

9th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL009)

𓈪

NL10
U+1322A

10th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL010)

𓈫

NL11
U+1322B

11th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL011)

𓈬

NL12
U+1322C

12th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL012)

𓈭

NL13
U+1322D

13th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL013), Heq-At

𓈮

NL14
U+1322E

14th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL014)

𓈯

NL15
U+1322F

15th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL015)

𓈰

NL16
U+13230

16th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL016)

𓈱

NL17
U+13231

17th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL017)

𓈲

NL17a
U+13232

17th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL017A)

𓈳

NL18
U+13233

18th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL018)

𓈴

NL19
U+13234

19th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL019)

𓈵

NL20
U+13235

20th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL020)

NU

Upper nile

Upper Nile

𓈶

NU1
U+13236

1st Nome of Upper Egypt (NU001), Ta-Seti

𓈷

NU2
U+13237

2nd Nome of Upper Egypt (NU002), Wetjes-Hor

𓈸

NU3
U+13238

3rd Nome of Upper Egypt (NU003), Nekhen (nome)

𓈹

NU4
U+13239

4th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU004)

𓈺

NU5
U+1323A

5th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU005), Herui

𓈻

NU6
U+1323B

6th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU006), Iqer

𓈼

NU7
U+1323C

7th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU007)

𓈽

NU8
U+1323D

8th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU008), Ta-wer

𓈾

NU9
U+1323E

9th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU009)

𓈿

NU10
U+1323F

10th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU010), Wadjet

𓉀

NU10a
U+13240

10th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU010A), Wadjet

𓉁

NU11
U+13241

11th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU011)

𓉂

NU11a
U+13242

11th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU011A)

𓉃

NU12
U+13243

12th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU012)

𓉄

NU13
U+13244

13th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU013)

𓉅

NU14
U+13245

14th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU014)

𓉆

NU15
U+13246

15th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU015), Wenet

𓉇

NU16
U+13247

16th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU016), Ma-hedj

𓉈

NU17
U+13248

17th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU017)

𓉉

NU18
U+13249

18th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU018)

𓉊

NU18a
U+1324A

18th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU018A)

𓉋

NU19
U+1324B

19th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU019)

𓉌

NU20
U+1324C

20th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU020)

𓉍

NU21
U+1324D

21st Nome of Upper Egypt (NU021)

𓉎

NU22
U+1324E

22nd Nome of Upper Egypt (NU022)

𓉏

NU22a
U+1324F

22nd Nome of Upper Egypt (NU022A)

O

Buildings, parts of buildings, etc.

𓉐

O1
U+13250

house

pr
(bil.)

bil. pr; used extensively in "placenames"-(home of God XXX); placenames for a Pharaoh, etc.
1. Ideogram, house, estate; 2. bil. pr; 3. Determinative for 'building', 'location'.

Likely ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Bet and its descendants.

𓉑

O1A
U+13251

combination of house and ankh

𓉒

O2
U+13252

combination of house and mace with round head

𓉓

O3
U+13253

combination of house, oar, tall loaf and beer jug

𓉔

O4
U+13254

shelter

h

1. first alphabetic h; 2. Egyptian uniliteral sign h; 3. see second uniliteral h, the wick (hieroglyph), Gardiner V28,

𓉕

O5
U+13255

winding wall from upper-left corner

𓉖

O5A
U+13256

winding wall from lower-left corner

𓉗

O6
U+13257

enclosure

ḥwt

1. Ideogram for hwt-(ḥut), palace, temple, tomb; see also:

palace, ꜥḥ

Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Heth and its descendants

𓉘

O6A
U+13258

opening of ḥwt-enclosure

𓉙

O6B
U+13259

opening of ḥwt-enclosure

𓉚

O6C
U+1325A

opening of ḥwt-enclosure

𓉛

O6D
U+1325B

closing of ḥwt-enclosure

𓉜

O6E
U+1325C

closing of ḥwt-enclosure

𓉝

O6F
U+1325D

closing of ḥwt-enclosure

𓉞

O7
U+1325E

combination of enclosure and flat loaf

𓉟

O8
U+1325F

combination of enclosure, flat loaf and wooden column

𓉠

O9
U+13260

combination of enclosure, flat loaf and basket

𓉡

O10
U+13261

combination of enclosure and falcon

𓉢

O10A
U+13262

combination of enclosure and ankh

𓉣

O10B
U+13263

combination of enclosure and bee

𓉤

O10C
U+13264

combination of shrine in profile and face

𓉥

O11
U+13265

palace

ꜥḥ

1. Ideogram, ꜥḥ "palace"; see also:

palace, temple, tomb, ḥwt

𓉦

O12
U+13266

combination of palace and forearm

𓉧

O13
U+13267

battlemented enclosure

𓉨

O14
U+13268

part of battlemented enclosure

𓉩

O15
U+13269

enclosure with cup and flat loaf

𓉪

O16
U+1326A

gateway with serpents

𓉫

O17
U+1326B

open gateway with serpents

𓉬

O18
U+1326C

shrine in profile

𓉭

O19
U+1326D

shrine with fence

𓉮

O19A
U+1326E

shrine

𓉯

O20
U+1326F

shrine

𓉰

O20A
U+13270

shrine

𓉱

O21
U+13271

façade of shrine

𓉲

O22
U+13272

booth with pole

𓉳

O23
U+13273

double platform

𓉴

O24
U+13274

pyramid

𓉵

O24A
U+13275

pedestal of sun temple

𓉶

O25
U+13276

obelisk

tḫn

Ideogram or det. for tḫn, obelisk

𓉷

O25A
U+13277

obelisk and pedestal of sun temple

𓉸

O26
U+13278

stela

wḏ
ꜥḥꜥw

1. Ideogram or det. for wḏ, a stele; det. for ꜥḥꜥw, station (of a procession), "stele"; used also for 'memorial slab', boundary stone, landmark. 2. NOTE: there are other listed, (or Non-listed) hieroglyphs for boundary steles:

(similar)

(variants)

3. Similar spelling for wḏ: uses a stone block as det. and hand: ud

𓉹

O27
U+13279

hall of columns

𓉺

O28
U+1327A

column

𓉻

O29
U+1327B

horizontal wooden column

ꜥꜣ

'Great'
(wooden)-column

𓉼

O29A
U+1327C

vertical wooden column

𓉽

O30
U+1327D

support

𓉾

O30A
U+1327E

four supports

𓉿

O31
U+1327F

door

ꜥꜣ

1. Egyptian language, ꜥꜣ, equivalent to

.
2. Determinative, 'open'

Likely ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Dalet and its descendants.

𓊀

O32
U+13280

gateway

𓊁

O33
U+13281

façade of palace

𓊂

O33A
U+13282

closing of srḫ-enclosure

𓊃

O34
U+13283

door bolt

s
(horizontal)

Unil. s, (the horizontal s); the vertical s is Gardiner [{#S29

𓊄

O35
U+13284

combination of bolt and legs

zj

alone translates to "go!", can also be used in zbj, "perish".

𓊅

O36
U+13285

wall

jnb

1. Ideogram or det. for jnb, "wall";
2. (a det. for related words)

𓊆

O36A
U+13286

opening of oval fortified wall enclosure

𓊇

O36B
U+13287

closing of oval fortified wall enclosure

𓊈

O36C
U+13288

opening of square fortified wall enclosure

𓊉

O36D
U+13289

closure of square fortified wall enclosure

𓊊

O37
U+1328A

falling wall

𓊋

O38
U+1328B

corner of wall

𓊌

O39
U+1328C

stone

𓊍

O40
U+1328D

stair single

A determinative

𓊎

O41
U+1328E

double stairway

qꜣ, qꜣꜣ, qꜣj

1. Determinative for qꜣ-(constructs): high ground, hill, high place;
2. same for jꜣr, to climb

𓊏

O42
U+1328F

fence

šsp

tril. šsp

𓊐

O43
U+13290

low fence

𓊑

O44
U+13291

emblem of Min

jꜣt

1. Ideogram or det. for jꜣt, for "post", "office", "position", etc.
2. the fetish of the "Temple of Min"

𓊒

O45
U+13292

domed building

𓊓

O46
U+13293

domed building

𓊔

O47
U+13294

enclosed mound

𓊕

O48
U+13295

enclosed mound

sp

Time; see also "threshing floor", Gardiner O50

𓊖

O49
U+13296

village

𓊗

O50
U+13297

threshing floor

sp
(from spt)

Biliteral sp; (equal to Egyptian: "time"); see also "time", Gardiner O48

𓊘

O50A
U+13298

hieratic threshing floor

𓊙

O50B
U+13299

O50A reversed

𓊚

O51
U+1329A

pile of grain

šnwt

Ideo. or det., šnwt, "granary"

P

Ships and parts of ships

𓊛

P1
U+1329B

boat

ship, boat (dpt), sail, go downstream

𓊜

P1A
U+1329C

boat upside down

𓊝

P2
U+1329D

ship under sail

sail (go upstream)

𓊞

P3
U+1329E

sacred barque

sacred barque (wiꜣ or wrtA)

𓊟

P3A
U+1329F

sacred barque without steering oar

𓊠

P4
U+132A0

boat with net

Abbreviation for fisherman (wḥꜥ)

𓊡

P5
U+132A1

sail

sail (ṯꜣwt) (ḥtꜣw), sailor (nfw), wind (ṯꜣw), north wind (mḥyt)

𓊢

P6
U+132A2

mast

stand (ꜥḥꜥ)

ꜥḥꜥ

Triliteral ꜥḥꜥ, "to erect"

𓊣

P7
U+132A3

combination of mast and forearm

ꜥḥꜥw

Combination of P6 and D36

𓊤

P8
U+132A4

oar

oar (wsrw)

1. Determinative for wsr, "oar";
2. Tril. phonogram, ḫrw

𓊥

P9
U+132A5

combination of oar and horned viper

says (ḫrwfj)

Combination of P8 and I9

𓊦

P10
U+132A6

rudder

steering oar (ḥmw)

Determinative, ḥmw, for "rudder" and related words

𓊧

P11
U+132A7

mooring
post

mooring post (mjnj)

1. Determinative in mnit, the "mooring post", or related words

Q

Domestic and funerary furniture

𓊨

Q1
U+132A8

seat
throne

seat (st), place

st, js, ḥtm

Ideogram for st, seat, throne, place; and phonogram st; see is-t, for major use of Place of XXXX, etc.

𓊩

Q2
U+132A9

carrying
chair

seat (st)

*ws in Osiris (wsjr)

Ideogram for ꜣsir, the God Osiris

𓊪

Q3
U+132AA

stool

support (p), stool, stool made out of reed (originally the stool's Mat)

A common usage is for the name of god Ptah-(p,t,h)

𓊫

Q4
U+132AB

headrest

wrs

A. Determinative for wrs', the "headrest";
B. headrest is also Egyptian language, wꜣrst,

(one

spelling)

(equals Coptic language, "ⲟⲩⲣⲁⲥ").
C. See also: WikiCommons: Egyptian headrests

𓊬

Q5
U+132AC

chest

box (hn)

𓊭

Q6
U+132AD

sarcophagus

coffin (qrsw), bury (qrs)

Ideogram or det. for qrsw, sarcophagus

𓊮

Q7
U+132AE

brazier

fire, flame
lamp
brazier

1. lamp
2. (see Fire-Flame)-(in progress)
3. "Brazier"
4. Egyptian language, ḫꜣbs, (for lamp, etc.-tied to ḫꜣbs, for "star", "luminary"; for Flame: ḫt, sḏt, & nsr; for Heat: rkḥ & tꜣ

R

Temple furniture and sacred emblems

𓊯

R1
U+132AF

high table with offerings

offering table (ḫꜣwt)

ḫꜣwt

𓊰

R2
U+132B0

table with slices of bread

offering table (ḫꜣwt)

ḫꜣwt

𓊱

R2A
U+132B1

high table with offerings

𓊲

R3
U+132B2

low table with offerings

offering table (ḫꜣwt)

ḫꜣwt

𓊳

R3A
U+132B3

low table

altar; contentment

ḥtp

𓊴

R3B
U+132B4

low table with offerings (simplified)

𓊵

R4
U+132B5

loaf on mat

ḥtp

"altar, offering, boon which the king grants, be pleased, be happy, be gracious, pardon, be at peace, be peaceful, become calm" (Faulkner 1991:179)

𓊶

R5
U+132B6

narrow censer

𓊷

R6
U+132B7

broad censer

𓊸

R7
U+132B8

bowl with smoke

𓊹

R8
U+132B9

Cloth on pole

nṯr

logogram of god; Phonogram nṯr

𓊺

R9
U+132BA

combination of cloth on pole and bag

𓊻

R10
U+132BB

combination of cloth on pole, butcher's block and slope of hill

𓊼

R10A
U+132BC

combination of cloth on pole and butcher's block

𓊽

R11
U+132BD

reed column

ḏd(bil.)

Djed

Likely ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Samekh and its descendants

𓊾

R12
U+132BE

standard

𓊿

R13
U+132BF

falcon and feather on standard

𓋀

R14
U+132C0

Emblem
of the West

jmnj ("West")
wnmj ("right")

Emblem of the West
Ideogram for jmnt, west, (and similar); also for wnmj, "right"

𓋁

R15
U+132C1

spear, Emblem of the East

jꜣbt ("East")
jꜣbj ("left")

Emblem of the East
Ideogram for jꜣbt, east, (and similar); also for jꜣbj, "left"

𓋂

R16
U+132C2

sceptre with feathers and string

𓋃

R16A
U+132C3

sceptre with feathers

𓋄

R17
U+132C4

wig on pole

𓋅

R18
U+132C5

combination of wig on pole and irrigation canal system

𓋆

R19
U+132C6

scepter with feather

𓋇

R20
U+132C7

flower with horns

Symbol representing the goddess Seshat

𓋈

R21
U+132C8

flower with horns

𓋉

R22
U+132C9

two narrow belemnites

𓋊

R23
U+132CA

two broad belemnites

𓋋

R24
U+132CB

two bows tied horizontally

nt

1. Ideogram or det. for name of Goddess Neith;
2. Egyp. bil. nt

𓋌

R25
U+132CC

two bows tied vertically

𓋍

R26
U+132CD

combination of land, lung and windpipe, lily, and papyrus

𓋎

R27
U+132CE

two arrows crossed over a shield

𓋏

R28
U+132CF

Bat

𓋐

R29
U+132D0

niche with serpent

S

Crowns, dress, staves, etc.

𓋑

S1
U+132D1

white crown

ḥḏ

See Hedjet; (see also Red crown & Pschent)

𓋒

S2
U+132D2

combination of white crown and basket

wrt

𓋓

S2A
U+132D3

combination of white crown and village

𓋔

S3
U+132D4

red crown

n
(vertical)

See Deshret; Red crown (hieroglyph)-(uniliteral n-(vertical)); (see also White crown)

𓋕

S4
U+132D5

combination of red crown and basket

wrt

𓋖

S5
U+132D6

PschentCrown

For the Pharaoh, King of the Two Lands, (i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt)

𓋗

S6
U+132D7

combination of PschentCrown and basket

𓋘

S6A
U+132D8

combination of red crown and village

𓋙

S7
U+132D9

blue crown

ḫprš

khepresh-helmet

𓋚

S8
U+132DA

Atef
crown

ꜣtf

Ideo. or det. for the crown ꜣtf-(atef)

𓋛

S9
U+132DB

shuti
two-feather
adornment

šwtj

two feathers, shuti two-feather adornment

𓋜

S10
U+132DC

headband

𓋝

S11
U+132DD

broad collar

𓋞

S12
U+132DE

collar of beads

nbw
(bil.)

bil. nbw; Horus of Gold name in Pharaonic titulary

𓋟

S13
U+132DF

combination of collar of beads and foot

𓋠

S14
U+132E0

combination of collar of beads and mace with round head

𓋡

S14A
U+132E1

combination of collar of beads and sceptre

ḏꜥm

White-gold
see gold (hieroglyph)

𓋢

S14B
U+132E2

combination of collar of beads and sceptre

𓋣

S15
U+132E3

pectoral

Four props, the Four Pillars of Heaven; also as, sḫnt, four pillars of the sky; (sa)(kh)niu, additionally, 4 legs of a chair; sḫnt, 4 legs of a vessel & sḫnt IV, the 4 Pillars that Support the Sky

𓋤

S16
U+132E4

pectoral

𓋥

S17
U+132E5

pectoral

𓋦

S17A
U+132E6

girdle

𓋧

S18
U+132E7

"menat
necklace
and
counterpoise"

(mnjt)

1. "Menat and counterpoise"; 2. Ideogram or det. in mnjt, the necklace of Menat pearls

𓋨

S19
U+132E8

seal
with necklace

Seal
with necklace

𓋩

S20
U+132E9

necklace with seal

many
see under:
ḏb-to seal
ḏbꜥj-t

1. (confer cylinder seal); 2. Ideogram or det. in ẖtm, sḏꜣt, ḏbꜥt, all words for "seal", or equivalent words
Seal-rings, (Impression seals, or Seals of Office)

𓋪

S21
U+132EA

ring

𓋫

S22
U+132EB

shoulder-knot

𓋬

S23
U+132EC

two whips
with shen ring

dmḏ
ordnḏ

Ideogram and det. in dmḏ, for "to unite"

𓋭

S24
U+132ED

girdle knot

ṯs
(bil.)

1. knot; to tie in a knot, fetter;
2. Bil. ṯs

𓋮

S25
U+132EE

garment with ties

𓋯

S26
U+132EF

apron

𓋰

S26A
U+132F0

apron

𓋱

S26B
U+132F1

apron

𓋲

S27
U+132F2

cloth with two strands

𓋳

S28
U+132F3

cloth with fringe on top and folded cloth

𓋴

S29
U+132F4

folded cloth

s

Uniliteral for s; also used in spdt, triangle, Sirius, Sothis, Sothic cycle

𓋵

S30
U+132F5

combination of folded cloth and horned viper

𓋶

S31
U+132F6

combination of folded cloth and sickle

𓋷

S32
U+132F7

cloth with fringe on the side

𓋸

S33
U+132F8

sandal

𓋹

S34
U+132F9

life
ankh, possibly representing a sandal-strap

ꜥnḫ
(tril.)

Tril. ꜥnḫ
Ideogram for "life", "live"

𓋺

S35
U+132FA

sunshade

𓋻

S35A
U+132FB

sunshade

𓋼

S36
U+132FC

sunshade

𓋽

S37
U+132FD

fan

𓋾

S38
U+132FE

crook

ḥq

1. 'to rule', 'chief', 'ruler', ḥq;
2. ḥq-scepter;
3. the pharaoh was called the Ruler of On, (Ruler of Heliopolis)

𓋿

S39
U+132FF

shepherd's crook

Likely ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Lamedh and its descendants

𓌀

S40
U+13300

wꜣssceptre
(uꜣs)

wꜣs
(uas)

tril., See Was scepter

𓌁

S41
U+13301

sceptre

𓌂

S42
U+13302

Sekhem
scepter

sḫm

Sekhem scepter; "power" is sḫm, (sḫm)

𓌃

S43
U+13303

walking stick

md

alone is mdw: speak, talk, word, speech, etc.

𓌄

S44
U+13304

walking stick with flagellum

𓌅

S45
U+13305

flagellum

𓌆

S46
U+13306

covering for head and neck

T

Warfare, hunting, butchery

𓌇

T1
U+13307

mace with flat head

𓌈

T2
U+13308

mace with round head

𓌉

T3
U+13309

mace with round head

ḥḏ

Ideogram, and phonogram for mace, ḥḏ
Likely ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Waw and its descendants

𓌊

T3A
U+1330A

combination of mace with round head and two hills

𓌋

T4
U+1330B

mace with strap

𓌌

T5
U+1330C

combination of mace with round head and cobra

𓌍

T6
U+1330D

combination of mace with round head and two cobras

𓌎

T7
U+1330E

axe

𓌏

T7A
U+1330F

axe

𓌐

T8
U+13310

dagger

tp

"top", or "first"
"first", "foremost"
Ideogram in tp, tpy; det. in mtpnt

𓌑

T8A
U+13311

dagger

𓌒

T9
U+13312

bow

pḏ

To stretch, to extend, to be wide

𓌓

T9A
U+13313

bow

pḏ

To stretch, to extend, to be wide

𓌔

T10
U+13314

composite bow

𓌕

T11
U+13315

arrow

𓌖

T11A
U+13316

two crossed arrows

𓌗

T12
U+13317

bowstring

rwḏ

1. Tril. rwḏ; Ideo. for "bowstring"
2. items that are "hard, durable, strong, rooted," thus "growth, growing"
3. (see Pharaoh Rudamun)

𓌘

T13
U+13318

joined pieces of wood

rs

phonogram, rs

𓌙

T14
U+13319

throw stick vertically

Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Gimel and its descendants.

𓌚

T15
U+1331A

throw stick slanted

𓌛

T16
U+1331B

scimitar

𓌜

T16A
U+1331C

scimitar

𓌝

T17
U+1331D

chariot

wrrt

Ideogram or det. for chariot

𓌞

T18
U+1331E

crook with package attached

šms

Follower sign

𓌟

T19
U+1331F

harpoon head

gn

"memorial, record, archive, memorandum"; in plural: "annals"

𓌠

T20
U+13320

harpoon head

𓌡

T21
U+13321

harpoon

wꜥ
(bil.)

1. "single" items; "1", 'each', etc.; 2. Bil. wꜥ

𓌢

T22
U+13322

arrowhead

sn

Bil. sn; Ideo. for "arrow"
used for:
brother, husband
sister, wife
"smell"
touch, grasp
2, "second", 'the same'-(twin), two, both, etc.

𓌣

T23
U+13323

arrowhead

𓌤

T24
U+13324

fishingnet

iꜥḥ

See moon, (also iꜥh);
A. plough, break ground;
B. field laborer, peasant;
C. field;
D. det. in name of a god "I'h-ur"-(I'h-Great)

𓌥

T25
U+13325

float

ḏb
ḏbꜣ

to supply, furnish with, equip, provide, & to decorate...(thus the "life preserver")
see also: seal, (to seal, ḏbꜥj-t)

𓌦

T26
U+13326

birdtrap

𓌧

T27
U+13327

trap

sḫt

1. trap, bird-trap, (the device); 2. Ideogram or det. in sḫt, Egyptian "trap" and related words

𓌨

T28
U+13328

butcher's block

ẖr

1. Bil. ẖr;
2. Ideas of items below, (butchered, segmented, then 'owned'); and major use of 'below', or 'under', as a prepositional use

𓌩

T29
U+13329

butcher's block with knife

𓌪

T30
U+1332A

knife

šꜥ

𓌫

T31
U+1332B

knife-sharpener

phonogram for sšm

𓌬

T32
U+1332C

combination of knife and legs

𓌭

T32A
U+1332D

combination of knife and folded cloth

𓌮

T33
U+1332E

knife-sharpener of butcher

𓌯

T33A
U+1332F

combination of knife-sharpener and folded cloth

𓌰

T34
U+13330

butcher's knife

nm

bil. nm

𓌱

T35
U+13331

butcher's knife

𓌲

T36
U+13332

shield

U

Agriculture, crafts, and professions

𓌳

U1
U+13333

sickle

𓌴

U2
U+13334

sickle

𓌵

U3
U+13335

𓌶

U4
U+13336

𓌷

U5
U+13337

𓌸

U6
U+13338

phonogram for "mr"

𓌹

U6A
U+13339

𓌺

U6B
U+1333A

𓌻

U7
U+1333B

hoe

mr

1. bil. mr, for "beloved"
2. used in Pharaoh, individuals, other names, etc.: (Pharaoh XX, Beloved of God/Goddess YY)

𓌼

U8
U+1333C

𓌽

U9
U+1333D

𓌾

U10
U+1333E

grain measure (with plural, for grain particles)

dbḥ

𓌿

U11
U+1333F

𓍀

U12
U+13340

𓍁

U13
U+13341

𓍂

U14
U+13342

𓍃

U15
U+13343

sled
(sledge)

tm

Bil. tm

𓍄

U16
U+13344

sled with jackal head

bjꜣ

bjꜣ as in wonder or marvel, or Determinative for wnš, sledge.

𓍅

U17
U+13345

Pick, opening earth

grg
gr

To have, hold, possess; (used in building new town-locations)

𓍆

U18
U+13346

𓍇

U19
U+13347

nw

𓍈

U20
U+13348

𓍉

U21
U+13349

adze-
on-block

stp

triliteral, stp, for "chosen"
often used in Pharaonic cartouche names as: "Chosen of God XXXX", (example: Beloved of Maat, Chosen of Maat)

𓍊

U22
U+1334A

clapper-(of-bell)
tool/instrument
forked-staff, etc.

mnḫ

1. Determinative for mnḫ, for "cut", "give shape to"
2. Ideogram in mnḫ, for "to be excellent"
3. The grandfather of Ptolemy V of the Rosetta Stone is Ptolemy III Euergetes-(the Canopus Stone), the "Well-doer Gods"-(pharaohs).^[7] Their name is a composition block of two 'God' hieroglyphs-(husband & wife), (R8),

, with a chisel at the base of each,

𓍋

U23
U+1334B

chisel

ꜣb
mr

See: Narmer Palette
bil., ꜣb, mr; (see also for mr, Canal)

𓍌

U23A
U+1334C

𓍍

U24
U+1334D

hand
drill
(hieroglyph)

ḥmt

1. Ideogram in ḥmt, the name for the 'hand drill tool'; also hmt for words of "art", "artisan", etc.
2. Ideo. or det. for wbꜣ, to 'rise', to 'open'; see: Rise of a Star: wbn:

𓍎

U25
U+1334E

𓍏

U26
U+1334F

𓍐

U27
U+13350

𓍑

U28
U+13351

fire-drill

ḏꜣ
(bil.)

1. bil. ḏꜣ; Ideogram for "forest"
Emphatically used with words as ḏꜥḏꜥ constructs
2. (see AUS-(article), and "Scale-2"-(on list)-wḏꜣ)

𓍒

U29
U+13352

𓍓

U29A
U+13353

𓍔

U30
U+13354

kiln

tꜣ

Bil. tꜣ; Ideogram for "potter's kiln"
(for tꜣ, see also Land, tꜣ)

𓍕

U31
U+13355

𓍖

U32
U+13356

Determinative for smn, establish, press down, support

𓍗

U32A
U+13357

𓍘

U33
U+13358

'pestle'-(curved top)

tj

Bil. tj

𓍙

U34
U+13359

𓍚

U35
U+1335A

ḫsf

𓍛

U36
U+1335B

fuller's-club

ḥm
(bil.)

1. Egyptian biliteral sign ḥm, for a fuller's club;
2. Ideogram for ḥmw, 'washer', and ḥm, slave, servant; phonogram ḥm

𓍜

U37
U+1335C

𓍝

U38
U+1335D

scale

mḫꜣt

Ideogram and det. for mḫꜣt, "scale": see Stand (for Scales)

𓍞

U39
U+1335E

𓍟

U40
U+1335F

a support-(to lift)

wṯs
wṯs

1. to lift up, support, etc.
2. see also: wṯs

𓍠

U41
U+13360

plummet

𓍡

U42
U+13361

pitchfork

V

Rope, fibre, baskets, bags, etc.

𓍢

V1
U+13362

"string, rope", Egyptian numeral 100

𓍣

V1A
U+13363

Egyptian numeral 200

𓍤

V1B
U+13364

Egyptian numeral 300

𓍥

V1C
U+13365

Egyptian numeral 400

𓍦

V1D
U+13366

Egyptian numeral 500

𓍧

V1E
U+13367

Egyptian numeral 600

𓍨

V1F
U+13368

Egyptian numeral 700

𓍩

V1G
U+13369

Egyptian numeral 800

𓍪

V1H
U+1336A

Egyptian numeral 900

𓍫

V1I
U+1336B

Egyptian numeral 500

𓍬

V2
U+1336C

𓍭

V2A
U+1336D

𓍮

V3
U+1336E

𓍯

V4
U+1336F

lasso

wꜣ
(bil.)

Lasso, for "cord", (possibly earlier, a word related to "lasso")

𓍰

V5
U+13370

𓍱

V6
U+13371

rope-(shape)

šs
(bil.)

Egyptian biliteral sign šs

𓍲

V7
U+13372

rope-(shape)

šn
(bil.)

Egyptian biliteral sign šn

𓍳

V7A
U+13373

𓍴

V7B
U+13374

𓍵

V8
U+13375

𓍶

V9
U+13376

shen
ring

šn

Determinative in šnw, the cartouche

𓍷

V10
U+13377

cartouche

šn
rn

Special uses, (often with inserted name)
šn-(shen), "circle", "encircle", or a 'ring'; later time period usage for "name", rn

𓍸

V11
U+13378

cartouche-(divided)

dn

Ideas of to divide, to exclude, words related to Egyptian language tn, etc.

𓍹

V11A
U+13379

𓍺

V11B
U+1337A

𓍻

V11C
U+1337B

𓍼

V12
U+1337C

𓍽

V12A
U+1337D

𓍾

V12B
U+1337E

𓍿

V13
U+1337F

tethering rope

Uniliteral ṯ (also written č)

𓎀

V14
U+13380

𓎁

V15
U+13381

tethering rope w/ walking legs

jṯj

to take possession of, seize, carry off, conquer, acquire

𓎂

V16
U+13382

cattle
hobble
(bil.)

sꜣ

bil. sꜣ; equivalent of Gardiner V17, also sꜣ,

(see also: tethering rope)

𓎃

V17
U+13383

lifesaver

sꜣ
(bil.)

bil. sꜣ; equivalent of Gardiner V16, also sꜣ,

(see also: tethering rope)

𓎄

V18
U+13384

𓎅

V19
U+13385

𓎆

V20
U+13386

"cattle hobble"

mḏw
(also mḏ)

Egyptian numeral 10

𓎇

V20A
U+13387

Egyptian numeral 20

𓎈

V20B
U+13388

Egyptian numeral 30

𓎉

V20C
U+13389

Egyptian numeral 40

𓎊

V20D
U+1338A

Egyptian numeral 50

𓎋

V20E
U+1338B

Egyptian numeral 60

𓎌

V20F
U+1338C

Egyptian numeral 70

𓎍

V20G
U+1338D

Egyptian numeral 80

𓎎

V20H
U+1338E

Egyptian numeral 90

𓎏

V20I
U+1338F

Egyptian numeral 20

𓎐

V20J
U+13390

Egyptian numeral 30

𓎑

V20K
U+13391

Egyptian numeral 40

𓎒

V20L
U+13392

Egyptian numeral 50

𓎓

V21
U+13393

Fetter + Cobra

mḏ, mḏwt

Deep place, deep, pit, cavern-extending, subterranean shrine, etc.

𓎔

V22
U+13394

whip

mḥ

Bil. mh, (mḥ); (See: similar shaped hieroglyph F30, water-skin)

𓎕

V23
U+13395

𓎖

V23A
U+13396

𓎗

V24
U+13397

𓎘

V25
U+13398

"command staff"

wḏ
(bil.)

to give an order, to command, to decree; (bil.

𓎙

V26
U+13399

𓎚

V27
U+1339A

𓎛

V28
U+1339B

a twisted wick

ḥ

Uniliteral ḥ; eternity, or a long time period, (also variations of time periods, with tweaks of the seated man holding renpet-constructs)
God Huh?
Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Heth and its descendants

𓎜

V28A
U+1339C

𓎝

V29
U+1339D

(fiber)
swab
(straw broom)

sq, ḫsr
wꜣḥ

bil.-tril.
bil. sq
(tril. wꜣḥ

1. Biliteral sq; "to clean", "dust";
2. Triliteral wꜣḥ

𓎞

V29A
U+1339E

𓎟

V30
U+1339F

basket
(hieroglyph)

nb
(bil.)

Egyptian for "everything", every; major use: "Lord", (or feminine, Lady)
Bil. nb
Ideogram for basket: master, lord

𓎠

V30A
U+133A0

𓎡

V31
U+133A1

basket-
with-handle
(hieroglyph)

k
(unil.)

Unil. k

𓎢

V31A
U+133A2

𓎣

V32
U+133A3

𓎤

V33
U+133A4

𓎥

V33A
U+133A5

𓎦

V34
U+133A6

𓎧

V35
U+133A7

𓎨

V36
U+133A8

doubled container
(or-added-glyphs)
many spellings

ḥnty

Period of 120 years; in translation: "for..'henti years'"; from,

ḥn-t, border, boundary, end, limit, frontier, etc.

𓎩

V37
U+133A9

𓎪

V37A
U+133AA

𓎫

V38
U+133AB

𓎬

V39
U+133AC

?stylized ankh
(for Isis)(?)

ṯt
tyet

Tyet, Knot of Isis, Girdle of Isis

𓎭

V40
U+133AD

𓎮

V40A
U+133AE

W

Vessels of stone and earthenware

𓎯

W1
U+133AF

Oil jar

Ointment (mrḥt), oil

𓎰

W2
U+133B0

Oil-jar without ties

Bas-container (bꜣs)

bꜣs

𓎱

W3
U+133B1

alabaster
basin

alabaster (šs), festival (ḥꜣb)

sš

festival
(Equivalent to Gardiner W4, Jubilee Pavilion (hieroglyph))
det. in sš, 'alabaster', or "precious stone"; det. in hb

abbreviation for ḥbt in "ritual book" ḥrj-ḥbt

𓎲

W3A
U+133B2

alabaster
basin

𓎳

W4
U+133B3

festival chamber, (the tail is also vertical 'Great': ꜥꜣ)

festival (ḥb)

Sṯ

Sed festival

𓎴

W5
U+133B4

Abbreviation for Lector Priest

𓎵

W6
U+133B5

Metal vessel

boiler (wḥꜣt)

𓎶

W7
U+133B6

Granite Bowl

red granite (mꜣṯ)

mꜣṯ

𓎷

W8
U+133B7

Granite Bowl

red granite (mꜣṯ)

𓎸

W9
U+133B8

stone jug

Nechnem-oil (nḥnm)

ḥnm

𓎹

W9A
U+133B9

𓎺

W10
U+133BA

cup

determinative for goblet (jꜥb)

wsḫ, sẖw

A. Determinative for the "vessel", Egyptian language, jꜥb-(no. 5 of 6); det. for jꜥb (1 & 2), 1: to approach, to come towards, to meet; 2: "to present a gift", to make an offering, 'an offering';
B. jꜥ, jꜥj, bathing; jꜥw, food, morning meal; jꜥb-(no. 3 of 6), uses Gardiner F16,

as det. for "to comb"; the other use of 'to comb', is for 'to card wool' and also uses the Horn hieroglyph, but is the equivalent word: b'-(no. 2, of 3); (no. 1 is a vessel, bowl, but made of "copper", etc.)

𓎻

W10A
U+133BB

Pot

bꜣ (rarely)

𓎼

W11
U+133BC

Jar stand

seat (nst)

g

𓎽

W12
U+133BD

Jar stand

seat (nst)

g

𓎾

W13
U+133BE

pot

Heset-pitcher, Senbet-pitcher (snbt) or similar containers

𓎿

W14
U+133BF

water jar

side area (jmw), side (gs)

m, m, gs

Bil. ḥs

𓏀

W14A
U+133C0

water jar with water

𓏁

W15
U+133C1

water jar with rack

clean (qbḥ) (only Ideogram)

𓏂

W16
U+133C2

water jar with rack

Libation (qbḥ), (qbb)

𓏃

W17
U+133C3

water jar with rack

water pitchers in the stand (ḫntw), first ḫnt (j)

ḫnt

𓏄

W17A
U+133C4

𓏅

W18
U+133C5

water jar with rack

water pitchers in the stand (ḫntw), first ḫnt (j)

ḫnt

𓏆

W18A
U+133C6

𓏇

W19
U+133C7

Milk jug with handle

mj

1. like, as, according to, inasmuch as, since, as well as, together with; all adverbial forms, some as a segue;
2. early forms use other hieroglyphs;
3. Egyptian: mjtj and mjtt relate to "image" or "likeness": likeness, copy, resemblance, statue, image, similitude, the like etc.

𓏈

W20
U+133C8

Milk jug with cover

milk (jrṯt), milk container and contents

𓏉

W21
U+133C9

Wine jars

wine (jrp)

Determinative in jrp, "wine"

𓏊

W22
U+133CA

Beer jug

beer (ḥnqt), containers and its contents, tribute (jnw), victim, attendant (wdpw)

𓏋

W23
U+133CB

Beer jug

ontainer (qrḥt), containers and their contents

𓏌

W24
U+133CC

Pot

nw, jn * (accompanies the signs Aa-27 and Aa-28) get (jnj)

nw
qd
(bil.)-nw

Phoneme for nw; det. for qd, construct, mold; (see: ḥnk, Arm-with-nu-pot)

𓏍

W24A
U+133CD

three pots

𓏎

W25
U+133CE

Pot with legs

jnj

fetch (jnj)

X

Loaves and cakes

𓏏

X1
U+133CF

loaf of bread

t

Uniliteral for "t"

𓏐

X2
U+133D0

𓏑

X3
U+133D1

𓏒

X4
U+133D2

1. Determinative for 'cake' or 'reward', fḳꜣ

𓏓

X4A
U+133D3

𓏔

X4B
U+133D4

𓏕

X5
U+133D5

𓏖

X6
U+133D6

loaf-with-decoration

pꜣt
(phoneme pꜣ)

1. Determinative for the 'decorated bread loaf', pꜣt; phoneme for pꜣ; meanings of: stuff, matter, substance; for 'bread': dough, cake, bread, offering, food, product;
2. for the "primordial god(s)": "Pauti",

(or)

(many spelling versions)

𓏗

X6A
U+133D7

𓏘

X7
U+133D8

𓏙

X8
U+133D9

cone-
shaped
bread

ḏj

Ideogram for ḏi, rḏj, give, given, to give; (an equivalent to arm offering conical "loaf"), Gardiner D37,

In iconography and reliefs, used for pharaonic statements: "Given, Life, Power...Forever"-(the vertical form of 'to give')

𓏚

X8A
U+133DA

Y

Writings, games, music

𓏛

Y1
U+133DB

papyrus
roll

papyrus scroll, book (mḏꜣt)

mḏꜣ-t
mḏꜣt

Determinative for terms connected with writing, or 'abstract' concepts

𓏜

Y1A
U+133DC

(as above, but vertical)

𓏝

Y2
U+133DD

papyrus scroll, book (mḏꜣt)

Old Kingdom variation of Y1

𓏞

Y3
U+133DE

Scribe's equipment

to write; writing; to become finely ground

zẖꜣ; nꜥꜥ

𓏟

Y4
U+133DF

Scribe's equipment

(as above)

Rarer alternative of Y3

𓏠

Y5
U+133E0

Senet board

mn

Extensive dictionary entries beginning at "Mn"-(or men), since the definitions center around permanence, enduring, etc. A common Pharaonic epithet was: Mn-Kheper-Ra, but many names using "mn" as a name component

𓏡

Y6
U+133E1

game piece

game figure (jbꜣ) abbreviation for dancer (jbꜣ)

jbꜣ

1. Ideogram or det. in ibꜣ, "pawn", draughtsman; phonemefor ibꜣ; 2. Det. for ibꜣu, ibꜣ, dance [of the gods]; also dancer, dancing man, etc.

𓏢

Y7
U+133E2

harp

harp

bjnt

Determinative in bjnt, "arched harp"; (see article Medamudfor relief usage)

𓏣

Y8
U+133E3

Sistrum

Sistrum (sššt)

sš, sššt
(also sḫm)

A. Ideo. for "sistrum", sššt, (or sḫm(=sistrum)); det. in sššt;
B. sḫm is Egyptian for 'power', (confer with Sekhem scepter-(list sḫm) and Medamud-(article))

Z

Strokes, signs derived from Hieratic, geometrical features

𓏤

Z1
U+133E4

Single stroke

singularity, Egyptian numeral 1

Indicates that the prior sign is an Ideogram as if it no feminine ending, can stand as an abundance stroke at empty places

𓏥

Z2
U+133E5

Plural stroke (horizontal)

Plural, majority, collective concept (e.g. meat, jwf)

𓏦

Z2A
U+133E6

Can be used as a replacement for signs perceived to be dangerous to actually write

𓏧

Z2B
U+133E7

𓏨

Z2C
U+133E8

𓏩

Z2D
U+133E9

𓏪

Z3
U+133EA

plural strokes (vertical)

Can be used as a replacement for signs perceived to be dangerous to actually write

𓏫

Z3A
U+133EB

𓏬

Z3B
U+133EC

𓏭

Z4
U+133ED

Dual stroke

Egyptian numeral 2,
plural, majority, collective concept (e.g. meat, jwf),
duality

for j (y) (only if ending sounds like a dual ending)

Can be used as a replacement for signs perceived to be dangerous to actually write

𓏮

Z4A
U+133EE

Egyptian numeral 2

𓏯

Z5
U+133EF

Diagonal stroke (from hieratic)

Can be used as a replacement for signs perceived to be dangerous to actually write

𓏰

Z5A
U+133F0

𓏱

Z6
U+133F1

Substitute for various human figures

for death, die (mwt)

𓏲

Z7
U+133F2

coil
(hieratic equivalent)

w (or u)

unil., equivalent of unil. w, the quail chick,

; Both chick and coil are used for plural, the w, (or u)
(see also: Plural)

𓏳

Z8
U+133F3

Oval

round (šnw)

𓏴

Z9
U+133F4

Crossed diagonal sticks

destroy (ḥḏj), break, divide (wpj), over load (ḏꜣj), cross, meet

swꜣ, sḏ, ḫbs, šbn, wp, wr

Likely ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Taw and its descendants

𓏵

Z10
U+133F5

Crossed diagonal sticks

destroy (ḥḏj), break, divide (wpj), over load (ḏꜣj), cross, meet

swꜣ, sḏ, ḫbs, šbn, wp, wr

Determinative for "break, divide" (wpj), "over load" (ḏꜣj), "cross, meet"

𓏶

Z11
U+133F6

two planks crossed and joined

imi

𓏷

Z12
U+133F7

𓏸

Z13
U+133F8

𓏹

Z14
U+133F9

𓏺

Z15
U+133FA

Egyptian numeral 1

𓏻

Z15A
U+133FB

Egyptian numeral 2

𓏼

Z15B
U+133FC

Egyptian numeral 3

𓏽

Z15C
U+133FD

Egyptian numeral 4

𓏾

Z15D
U+133FE

Egyptian numeral 5

𓏿

Z15E
U+133FF

Egyptian numeral 6

𓐀

Z15F
U+13400

Egyptian numeral 7

𓐁

Z15G
U+13401

Egyptian numeral 8

𓐂

Z15H
U+13402

Egyptian numeral 9

𓐃

Z15I
U+13403

Egyptian numeral 5

𓐄

Z16
U+13404

Numeral 1 in dates

𓐅

Z16A
U+13405

Numeral 2 in dates

𓐆

Z16B
U+13406

Numeral 3 in dates

𓐇

Z16C
U+13407

Numeral 4 in dates

𓐈

Z16D
U+13408

Numeral 5 in dates

𓐉

Z16E
U+13409

Numeral 6 in dates

𓐊

Z16F
U+1340A

Numeral 7 in dates

𓐋

Z16G
U+1340B

Numeral 8 in dates

𓐌

Z16H
U+1340C

Numeral 9 in dates

Aa

Unclassified signs

𓐍

Aa1
U+1340D

Placenta or sieve

ḫ

𓐎

Aa2
U+1340E

Pustule

bodily growths or conditions, disease

𓐏

Aa3
U+1340F

Pustule with liquid issuing from it

medical or anatomical condition, specifically soft matter or liquid

Rare alternative for AA2

𓐐

Aa4
U+13410

bꜣ (rarely)

See § W10

𓐑

Aa5
U+13411

Part of steering gear of a ship

hasten (ḥjp), hepet-device (ḥpt)

ḥp (rarely)

𓐒

Aa6
U+13412

mat (ṯmꜣ)

tmꜣ, ṯmꜣ

𓐓

Aa7
U+13413

A Smiting-Blade

spr

Abbreviation for "smite" (spr)

𓐔

Aa7A
U+13414

𓐕

Aa7B
U+13415

𓐖

Aa8
U+13416

Irrigation tunnels

estate (ḏꜣtt)

qn, ḏꜣt, ḏꜣḏꜣt

𓐗

Aa9
U+13417

rich (ḫwd)

𓐘

Aa10
U+13418

drf

𓐙

Aa11
U+13419

Raised platform (ṯntt), platform abbreviation for mꜣꜥ in (mꜣꜥ-ḫrw)

mꜣꜥ and mꜣꜥ in mꜣꜥ-ḫrw

𓐚

Aa12
U+1341A

Raised platform (ṯntt), platform abbreviation for mꜣꜥ in (mꜣꜥ-ḫrw)

mꜣꜥ

𓐛

Aa13
U+1341B

side area (jmw), side (gs)

m, m, gs

𓐜

Aa14
U+1341C

side area (jmw), side (gs)

m, m, gs

𓐝

Aa15
U+1341D

jm, m, gs

𓐞

Aa16
U+1341E

side (gs)

gs

𓐟

Aa17
U+1341F

back (sꜣ)

sꜣ

𓐠

Aa18
U+13420

back (sꜣ)

sꜣ

𓐡

Aa19
U+13421

ḥr

𓐢

Aa20
U+13422

ꜥpr

𓐣

Aa21
U+13423

divide (wḏꜥ)

Abbreviation for Seth

𓐤

Aa22
U+13424

divide (wḏꜥ)

Abbreviation for Seth

𓐥

Aa23
U+13425

Often instead of U35

𓐦

Aa24
U+13426

Often instead of U35

𓐧

Aa25
U+13427

garment priest (smꜣ)

𓐨

Aa26
U+13428

sbj

𓐩

Aa27
U+13429

nḏ

𓐪

Aa28
U+1342A

qd

𓐫

Aa29
U+1342B

𓐬

Aa30
U+1342C

Kheker-frieze

𓐭

Aa31
U+1342D

𓐮

Aa32
U+1342E

Hi, where are you from?

Saturday, July 22, 2023

Paper

Square

Characterizations

Properties

Perimeter and area

Other facts

Coordinates and equations

Construction

Symmetry

Squares inscribed in triangles

Squaring the circle

Non-Euclidean geometry

Crossed square

Graphs

Ludwig Feuerbach

Life and career[edit]

Education[edit]

Early writings[edit]

Das Wesen des Christentums (The Essence of Christianity)[edit]

After 1848[edit]

Philosophical work[edit]

Works[edit]

Critical reception[edit]

Influence[edit]

List of Egyptian hieroglyphs

Subsets[edit]

Letter classification by Gardiner[edit]

List of hieroglyphs[edit]

See also

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An Independent Mind, Knot Logic

An Independent Mind, Knot Logic

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Karen A. Placek, aka Karen Placek, K.A.P., KAP

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A Good Ride

Ludwig Feuerbach

Born	28 July 1804 Landshut, Electorate of Bavaria
Died	13 September 1872 (aged 68) Rechenberg near Nuremberg, German Empire
Education	University of Heidelberg University of Berlin University of Erlangen (Ph.D./Dr. phil. habil., 1828)

Era	19th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Anthropological materialism^[1] Secular humanism^[2] Young Hegelians (1820s)
Theses	De infinitate, unitate, atque, communitate, rationis (On the Infinitude, Unity, and Universality of Reason) (July 1828) De ratione una, universali, infinita (The One, Universal, and Infinite Reason) (November 1828)
Main interests	Philosophy of religion
Notable ideas	All theological concepts as the reifications of anthropological concepts^[3]
Influences
Influenced
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