Cantore Arithmetic is able to state that the last published word Post equated word now[cow[coal{shovel{shroud{shore}[fire{float}[live{Well}]]]]. This word aspect is from the understanding of a tradition belonging to a man whom wrote text for The Tenth Rule: The Tenth Man Rule suggests that, if nine people in a group of ten agree on an issue, the tenth member must take a contrarian viewpoint and assume the other nine are wrong. In World War Z lore, it's the strategy Israeli intelligence adopted after their repeated failure to take highly unlikely threats seriously.
What is the first 100 digits of pi? Word What equated word where, so where is the first 1000 digits of pi? equated 100 fights, so, 1000 digits equated 100 fights[lights[nights]].
Rule of thumb
Tenth rule
*word what equated word cremated and is underlined:
What are the First 100 Digits of Pi Value? The first 100 digits of pi are 3.1415926535 8979323846 2643383279 5028841971 6939937510 5820974944 5923078164 0628620899 8628034825 3421170679. The value of pi starts with a 3 followed by a decimal point.
You searched for
"POST" in the KJV Bible
11 Instances - Page 1 of 1 - Sort by Book Order - Feedback
- Job 9:25chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Now my days are swifter than a post: they flee away, they see no good.
- Ezekiel 40:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- He made also posts of threescore cubits, even unto the post of the court round about the gate.
- Jeremiah 51:31chapter context similar meaning copy save
- One post shall run to meet another, and one messenger to meet another, to shew the king of Babylon that his city is taken at one end,
- 1 Samuel 1:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- So Hannah rose up after they had eaten in Shiloh, and after they had drunk. Now Eli the priest sat upon a seat by a post of the temple of the LORD.
- Exodus 12:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it.
- Ezekiel 43:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- In their setting of their threshold by my thresholds, and their post by my posts, and the wall between me and them, they have even defiled my holy name by their abominations that they have committed: wherefore I have consumed them in mine anger.
- Ezekiel 41:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then went he inward, and measured the post of the door, two cubits; and the door, six cubits; and the breadth of the door, seven cubits.
- Ezekiel 40:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And there were narrow windows to the little chambers, and to their posts within the gate round about, and likewise to the arches: and windows were round about inward: and upon each post were palm trees.
- Ezekiel 46:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the prince shall enter by the way of the porch of that gate without, and shall stand by the post of the gate, and the priests shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he shall worship at the threshold of the gate: then he shall go forth; but the gate shall not be shut until the evening.
- Exodus 21:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then his master shall bring him unto the judges; he shall also bring him to the door, or unto the door post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an aul; and he shall serve him for ever.
- Ezekiel 40:48chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he brought me to the porch of the house, and measured each post of the porch, five cubits on this side, and five cubits on that side: and the breadth of the gate was three cubits on this side, and three cubits on that side.
You searched for
"NOW" in the KJV Bible
1,321 Instances - Page 1 of 45 - Sort by Book Order - Feedback
- Isaiah 33:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Now will I rise, saith the LORD; now will I be exalted; now will I lift up myself.
- Acts 27:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Now when much time was spent, and when sailing was now dangerous, because the fast was now already past, Paul admonished them,
- Proverbs 7:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Now is she without, now in the streets, and lieth in wait at every corner.)
- Luke 21:30chapter context similar meaning copy save
- When they now shoot forth, ye see and know of your own selves that summer is now nigh at hand.
- 1 Kings 1:18chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And now, behold, Adonijah reigneth; and now, my lord the king, thou knowest it not:
- Romans 13:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And that, knowing the time, that now it is high time to awake out of sleep: for nowis our salvation nearer than when we believed.
- 1 Corinthians 4:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Now ye are full, now ye are rich, ye have reigned as kings without us: and I would to God ye did reign, that we also might reign with you.
- Isaiah 29:22chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Therefore thus saith the LORD, who redeemed Abraham, concerning the house of Jacob, Jacob shall not now be ashamed, neither shall his face now wax pale.
- 1 Samuel 25:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And now I have heard that thou hast shearers: now thy shepherds which were with us, we hurt them not, neither was there ought missing unto them, all the while they were in Carmel.
- Mark 6:35chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And when the day was now far spent, his disciples came unto him, and said, This is a desert place, and now the time is far passed:
- Nehemiah 6:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And thou hast also appointed prophets to preach of thee at Jerusalem, saying, There is a king in Judah: and now shall it be reported to the king according to these words. Come now therefore, and let us take counsel together.
- Genesis 30:30chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For it was little which thou hadst before I came, and it is now increased unto a multitude; and the LORD hath blessed thee since my coming: and now when shall I provide for mine own house also?
- 1 Samuel 9:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he said unto him, Behold now, there is in this city a man of God, and he is an honourable man; all that he saith cometh surely to pass: now let us go thither; peradventure he can shew us our way that we should go.
- 1 Corinthians 13:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known.
- John 12:31chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Now is the judgment of this world: now shall the prince of this world be cast out.
- Judges 9:38chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then said Zebul unto him, Where is now thy mouth, wherewith thou saidst, Who is Abimelech, that we should serve him? is not this the people that thou hast despised? go out, I pray now, and fight with them.
- Psalms 118:25chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Save now, I beseech thee, O LORD: O LORD, I beseech thee, send now prosperity.
- 2 Kings 5:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he returned to the man of God, he and all his company, and came, and stood before him: and he said, Behold, now I know that there is no God in all the earth, but in Israel: now therefore, I pray thee, take a blessing of thy servant.
- 2 Samuel 13:28chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Now Absalom had commanded his servants, saying, Mark ye now when Amnon's heart is merry with wine, and when I say unto you, Smite Amnon; then kill him, fear not: have not I commanded you? be courageous, and be valiant.
- 1 Peter 2:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Which in time past were not a people, but are now the people of God: which had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.
- Luke 6:21chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Blessed are ye that hunger now: for ye shall be filled. Blessed are ye that weep now: for ye shall laugh.
- Exodus 33:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Now therefore, I pray thee, if I have found grace in thy sight, shew me now thy way, that I may know thee, that I may find grace in thy sight: and consider that this nation is thy people.
- 1 Samuel 25:26chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Now therefore, my lord, as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, seeing the LORD hath withholden thee from coming to shed blood, and from avenging thyself with thine own hand, now let thine enemies, and they that seek evil to my lord, be as Nabal.
- Joshua 14:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And now, behold, the LORD hath kept me alive, as he said, these forty and five years, even since the LORD spake this word unto Moses, while the children of Israel wandered in the wilderness: and now, lo, I am this day fourscore and five years old.
- Jeremiah 18:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Now therefore go to, speak to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying, Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I frame evil against you, and devise a device against you: return ye now every one from his evil way, and make your ways and your doings good.
- Daniel 2:23chapter context similar meaning copy save
- I thank thee, and praise thee, O thou God of my fathers, who hast given me wisdom and might, and hast made known unto me now what we desired of thee: for thou hast now made known unto us the king's matter.
- 2 Samuel 14:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Now therefore that I am come to speak of this thing unto my lord the king, it is because the people have made me afraid: and thy handmaid said, I will now speak unto the king; it may be that the king will perform the request of his handmaid.
- 2 Samuel 18:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But the people answered, Thou shalt not go forth: for if we flee away, they will not care for us; neither if half of us die, will they care for us: but now thou art worth ten thousand of us: therefore now it is better that thou succour us out of the city.
- Joshua 22:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And now the LORD your God hath given rest unto your brethren, as he promised them: therefore now return ye, and get you unto your tents, and unto the land of your possession, which Moses the servant of the LORD gave you on the other side Jordan.
- 2 Samuel 19:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Now therefore arise, go forth, and speak comfortably unto thy servants: for I swear by the LORD, if thou go not forth, there will not tarry one with thee this night: and that will be worse unto thee than all the evil that befell thee from thy youth until now.
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You searched for
"COW" in the KJV Bible
7 Instances - Page 1 of 1 - Sort by Book Order - Feedback
- Leviticus 22:28chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And whether it be cow or ewe, ye shall not kill it and her young both in one day.
- Ezekiel 4:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then he said unto me, Lo, I have given thee cow's dung for man's dung, and thou shalt prepare thy bread therewith.
- Isaiah 7:21chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And it shall come to pass in that day, that a man shall nourish a young cow, and two sheep;
- Job 21:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Their bull gendereth, and faileth not; their cow calveth, and casteth not her calf.
- Amos 4:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And ye shall go out at the breaches, every cow at that which is before her; and ye shall cast them into the palace, saith the LORD.
- Isaiah 11:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.
- Numbers 18:17chapter context similar meaning copy save
- But the firstling of a cow, or the firstling of a sheep, or the firstling of a goat, thou shalt not redeem; they are holy: thou shalt sprinkle their blood upon the altar, and shalt burn their fat for an offering made by fire, for a sweet savour unto the LORD.
You searched for
"COAL" in the KJV Bible
4 Instances - Page 1 of 1 - Sort by Book Order - Feedback
- Lamentations 4:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Their visage is blacker than a coal; they are not known in the streets: their skin cleaveth to their bones; it is withered, it is become like a stick.
- Isaiah 6:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then flew one of the seraphims unto me, having a live coal in his hand, which he had taken with the tongs from off the altar:
- Isaiah 47:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Behold, they shall be as stubble; the fire shall burn them; they shall not deliver themselves from the power of the flame: there shall not be a coal to warm at, nor fire to sit before it.
- 2 Samuel 14:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And, behold, the whole family is risen against thine handmaid, and they said, Deliver him that smote his brother, that we may kill him, for the life of his brother whom he slew; and we will destroy the heir also: and so they shall quench my coal which is left, and shall not leave to my husband neither name nor remainder upon the earth.
You searched for
"FIRE" in the KJV Bible
506 Instances - Page 1 of 17 - Sort by Book Order - Feedback
- James 3:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the tongue is a fire, a world of iniquity: so is the tongue among our members, that it defileth the whole body, and setteth on fire the course of nature; and it is set on fire of hell.
- 1 Kings 19:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And after the earthquake a fire; but the LORD was not in the fire: and after the firea still small voice.
- Ezekiel 5:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then take of them again, and cast them into the midst of the fire, and burn them in the fire; for thereof shall a fire come forth into all the house of Israel.
- Psalms 83:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- As the fire burneth a wood, and as the flame setteth the mountains on fire;
- Numbers 31:23chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Every thing that may abide the fire, ye shall make it go through the fire, and it shall be clean: nevertheless it shall be purified with the water of separation: and all that abideth not the fire ye shall make go through the water.
- Ezekiel 15:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Behold, it is cast into the fire for fuel; the fire devoureth both the ends of it, and the midst of it is burned. Is it meet for any work?
- Isaiah 64:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- As when the melting fire burneth, the fire causeth the waters to boil, to make thy name known to thine adversaries, that the nations may tremble at thy presence!
- Ezekiel 1:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals of fire, and like the appearance of lamps: it went up and down among the living creatures; and the fire was bright, and out of the fire went forth lightning.
- Leviticus 3:5chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Aaron's sons shall burn it on the altar upon the burnt sacrifice, which is upon the wood that is on the fire: it is an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD.
- 2 Kings 2:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And it came to pass, as they still went on, and talked, that, behold, there appeared a chariot of fire, and horses of fire, and parted them both asunder; and Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven.
- Exodus 22:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- If fire break out, and catch in thorns, so that the stacks of corn, or the standing corn, or the field, be consumed therewith; he that kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.
- Isaiah 44:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- He burneth part thereof in the fire; with part thereof he eateth flesh; he roasteth roast, and is satisfied: yea, he warmeth himself, and saith, Aha, I am warm, I have seen the fire:
- 2 Samuel 14:30chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Therefore he said unto his servants, See, Joab's field is near mine, and he hath barley there; go and set it on fire. And Absalom's servants set the field on fire.
- Isaiah 66:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For, behold, the LORD will come with fire, and with his chariots like a whirlwind, to render his anger with fury, and his rebuke with flames of fire.
- Deuteronomy 32:22chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For a fire is kindled in mine anger, and shall burn unto the lowest hell, and shall consume the earth with her increase, and set on fire the foundations of the mountains.
- Leviticus 1:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the sons of Aaron the priest shall put fire upon the altar, and lay the wood in order upon the fire:
- Leviticus 10:1chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put firetherein, and put incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which he commanded them not.
- Isaiah 47:14chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Behold, they shall be as stubble; the fire shall burn them; they shall not deliver themselves from the power of the flame: there shall not be a coal to warm at, nor fire to sit before it.
- Isaiah 50:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Behold, all ye that kindle a fire, that compass yourselves about with sparks: walk in the light of your fire, and in the sparks that ye have kindled. This shall ye have of mine hand; ye shall lie down in sorrow.
- Exodus 3:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the angel of the LORD appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush: and he looked, and, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed.
- Deuteronomy 4:36chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Out of heaven he made thee to hear his voice, that he might instruct thee: and upon earth he shewed thee his great fire; and thou heardest his words out of the midst of the fire.
- 1 Corinthians 3:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Every man's work shall be made manifest: for the day shall declare it, because it shall be revealed by fire; and the fire shall try every man's work of what sort it is.
- Jeremiah 51:58chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Thus saith the LORD of hosts; The broad walls of Babylon shall be utterly broken, and her high gates shall be burned with fire; and the people shall labour in vain, and the folk in the fire, and they shall be weary.
- Leviticus 1:17chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he shall cleave it with the wings thereof, but shall not divide it asunder: and the priest shall burn it upon the altar, upon the wood that is upon the fire: it is a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD.
- Ezekiel 1:4chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And I looked, and, behold, a whirlwind came out of the north, a great cloud, and a fire infolding itself, and a brightness was about it, and out of the midst thereof as the colour of amber, out of the midst of the fire.
- 2 Kings 1:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Elijah answered and said to the captain of fifty, If I be a man of God, then let fire come down from heaven, and consume thee and thy fifty. And there came down fire from heaven, and consumed him and his fifty.
- Daniel 3:27chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And the princes, governors, and captains, and the king's counsellors, being gathered together, saw these men, upon whose bodies the fire had no power, nor was an hair of their head singed, neither were their coats changed, nor the smell of fire had passed on them.
- Jeremiah 36:23chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And it came to pass, that when Jehudi had read three or four leaves, he cut it with the penknife, and cast it into the fire that was on the hearth, until all the roll was consumed in the fire that was on the hearth.
- 2 Kings 1:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Elijah answered and said unto them, If I be a man of God, let fire come down from heaven, and consume thee and thy fifty. And the fire of God came down from heaven, and consumed him and his fifty.
- Ezekiel 15:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And I will set my face against them; they shall go out from one fire, and another fireshall devour them; and ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I set my face against them.
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You searched for
"LIVE" in the KJV Bible
231 Instances - Page 1 of 8 - Sort by Book Order - Feedback
- Galatians 2:20chapter context similar meaning copy save
- I am crucified with Christ: nevertheless I live; yet not I, but Christ liveth in me: and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself for me.
- John 14:19chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Yet a little while, and the world seeth me no more; but ye see me: because I live, ye shall live also.
- John 6:57chapter context similar meaning copy save
- As the living Father hath sent me, and I live by the Father: so he that eateth me, even he shall live by me.
- Isaiah 38:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- O Lord, by these things men live, and in all these things is the life of my spirit: so wilt thou recover me, and make me to live.
- Romans 8:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For if ye live after the flesh, ye shall die: but if ye through the Spirit do mortify the deeds of the body, ye shall live.
- Romans 14:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For whether we live, we live unto the Lord; and whether we die, we die unto the Lord: whether we live therefore, or die, we are the Lord's.
- Ezekiel 18:13chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Hath given forth upon usury, and hath taken increase: shall he then live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.
- 2 Corinthians 5:15chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And that he died for all, that they which live should not henceforth live unto themselves, but unto him which died for them, and rose again.
- Ezekiel 33:11chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Say unto them, As I live, saith the Lord GOD, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live: turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of Israel?
- Jeremiah 38:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Thus saith the LORD, He that remaineth in this city shall die by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence: but he that goeth forth to the Chaldeans shall live; for he shall have his life for a prey, and shall live.
- Jeremiah 38:17chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Then said Jeremiah unto Zedekiah, Thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the God of Israel; If thou wilt assuredly go forth unto the king of Babylon's princes, then thy soul shall live, and this city shall not be burned with fire; and thou shalt live, and thine house:
- Ezekiel 47:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And it shall come to pass, that every thing that liveth, which moveth, whithersoever the rivers shall come, shall live: and there shall be a very great multitude of fish, because these waters shall come thither: for they shall be healed; and every thing shall live whither the river cometh.
- Deuteronomy 8:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And he humbled thee, and suffered thee to hunger, and fed thee with manna, which thou knewest not, neither did thy fathers know; that he might make thee know that man doth not live by bread only, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of the LORD doth man live.
- Ezekiel 16:6chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And when I passed by thee, and saw thee polluted in thine own blood, I said unto thee when thou wast in thy blood, Live; yea, I said unto thee when thou wast in thy blood, Live.
- Exodus 22:18chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.
- Philippians 1:21chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.
- 1 Thessalonians 3:8chapter context similar meaning copy save
- For now we live, if ye stand fast in the Lord.
- Romans 12:18chapter context similar meaning copy save
- If it be possible, as much as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men.
- Psalms 119:144chapter context similar meaning copy save
- The righteousness of thy testimonies is everlasting: give me understanding, and I shall live.
- Psalms 49:9chapter context similar meaning copy save
- That he should still live for ever, and not see corruption.
- Job 21:7chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Wherefore do the wicked live, become old, yea, are mighty in power?
- Job 7:16chapter context similar meaning copy save
- I loathe it; I would not live alway: let me alone; for my days are vanity.
- Genesis 17:18chapter context similar meaning copy save
- And Abraham said unto God, O that Ishmael might live before thee!
- Romans 6:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- God forbid. How shall we, that are dead to sin, live any longer therein?
- 2 Timothy 3:12chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Yea, and all that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution.
- Ephesians 6:3chapter context similar meaning copy save
- That it may be well with thee, and thou mayest live long on the earth.
- 1 Thessalonians 5:10chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Who died for us, that, whether we wake or sleep, we should live together with him.
- Psalms 119:116chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Uphold me according unto thy word, that I may live: and let me not be ashamed of my hope.
- Psalms 116:2chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Because he hath inclined his ear unto me, therefore will I call upon him as long as I live.
- Numbers 14:28chapter context similar meaning copy save
- Say unto them, As truly as I live, saith the LORD, as ye have spoken in mine ears, so will I do to you:
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Graham Greene
Graham Greene | |
---|---|
Born | Henry Graham Greene 2 October 1904 Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England |
Died | 3 April 1991 (aged 86) Vevey, Switzerland |
Occupation |
|
Alma mater | Balliol College, Oxford |
Period | 1925–1991 |
Genre | |
Notable works |
|
Spouse | |
Partner | Catherine Walston, Lady Walston (1946–1966) Yvonne Cloetta (1966–1991) |
Children | 2 |
Relatives | Raymond Greene (brother); Graham C. Greene (nephew) |
Henry Graham Greene OM CH (2 October 1904 – 3 April 1991) was an English writer and journalist regarded by many as one of the leading novelists of the 20th century.[1][2]
Combining literary acclaim with widespread popularity, Greene acquired a reputation early in his lifetime as a major writer, both of serious Catholic novels, and of thrillers (or "entertainments" as he termed them). He was shortlisted for the Nobel Prize in Literature several times.[3][4][5] Through 67 years of writing, which included over 25 novels, he explored the conflicting moral and political issues of the modern world. The Power and the Glory won the 1941 Hawthornden Prize and The Heart of the Matter won the 1948 James Tait Black Memorial Prize and was shortlisted for the Best of the James Tait Black. Greene was awarded the 1968 Shakespeare Prize and the 1981 Jerusalem Prize. Several of his stories have been filmed, some more than once, and he collaborated with filmmaker Carol Reed on The Fallen Idol (1948) and The Third Man(1949).
He converted to Catholicism in 1926 after meeting his future wife, Vivien Dayrell-Browning.[6] Later in life he took to calling himself a "Catholic agnostic".[7] He died in 1991, aged 86, of leukemia,[8] and was buried in Corseaux cemetery in Switzerland.[9]William Golding called Greene "the ultimate chronicler of twentieth-century man's consciousness and anxiety".[10]
Early years (1904–1922)
[edit]Henry Graham Greene was born in 1904 in St John's House, a boarding house of Berkhamsted School, Hertfordshire, where his father was house master.[11] He was the fourth of six children; his younger brother, Hugh, became Director-General of the BBC,[12] and his elder brother, Raymond, an eminent physician and mountaineer.[13]
His parents, Charles Henry Greene and Marion Raymond Greene, were first cousins, both members of a large, influential family that included the owners of Greene King Brewery, bankers, and statesmen; his mother was cousin to Robert Louis Stevenson.[14] Charles Greene was second master at Berkhamsted School, where the headmaster was Dr Thomas Fry, who was married to Charles' cousin.[15] Another cousin was the right-wing pacifist Ben Greene, whose politics led to his internment during World War II.[16]
In his childhood, Greene spent his summers with his uncle, Sir Graham Greene, at Harston House in Cambridgeshire. In Greene's description of his childhood, he describes his learning to read there: "It was at Harston I quite suddenly found that I could read—the book was Dixon Brett, Detective. I didn't want anyone to know of my discovery, so I read only in secret, in a remote attic, but my mother must have spotted what I was at all the same, for she gave me Ballantyne's Coral Island for the train journey home—always an interminable journey with the long wait between trains at Bletchley..."[17]
In 1910, Charles Greene succeeded Dr Fry as headmaster of Berkhamsted. Graham also attended the school as a boarder. Bullied and profoundly depressed, he made several suicide attempts, including, as he wrote in his autobiography, by Russian roulette and by taking aspirin before going swimming in the school pool. In 1920, aged 16, in what was a radical step for the time, he was sent for psychoanalysis for six months in London, afterwards returning to school as a day student.[18] School friends included the journalist Claud Cockburn and the historian Peter Quennell.[19]
Greene contributed several stories to the school magazine, one of which was published by a London evening newspaper in January 1921.
Oxford University
[edit]He attended Balliol College, Oxford, to study history. During 1922 Greene was for a short time a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain, and sought an invitation to the new Soviet Union, of which nothing came.[20] In 1925, while he was an undergraduate at Balliol, his first work, a poorly received volume of poetry titled Babbling April, was published.[20]
Greene had periodic bouts of depression while at Oxford, and largely kept to himself.[12] Of Greene's time at Oxford, his contemporary Evelyn Waugh noted that: "Graham Greene looked down on us (and perhaps all undergraduates) as childish and ostentatious. He certainly shared in none of our revelry."[12] He graduated in 1925 with a second-class degree in history.[20]
Writing career
[edit]After leaving Oxford, Greene worked as a private tutor and then turned to journalism; first on the Nottingham Journal,[21] and then as a sub-editor on The Times.[12] While he was still at Oxford, he had started corresponding with Vivien Dayrell-Browning, who had written to him to correct him on a point of Catholic doctrine.[22][23][12] Greene was an agnostic, but when he later began to think about marrying Vivien, it occurred to him that, as he puts it in his autobiography A Sort of Life, he "ought at least to learn the nature and limits of the beliefs she held".[24] Greene was baptised on 26 February 1926 and they married on 15 October 1927 at St Mary's Church, Hampstead, London.
He published his first novel, The Man Within, in 1929; its favourable reception enabled him to work full-time as a novelist.[12] Greene originally divided his fiction into two genres (which he described as "entertainments" and "novels"): thrillers—often with notable philosophic edges—such as The Ministry of Fear; and literary works—on which he thought his literary reputation would rest—such as The Power and the Glory.
The next two books, The Name of Action (1930) and Rumour at Nightfall (1932), were unsuccessful,[12] and he later disowned them.[13] His first true success was Stamboul Train (1932) which was taken on by the Book Society[25] and adapted as the film Orient Express, in 1934.[26]
Although Greene objected strongly to being described as a Roman Catholic novelist, rather than as a novelist who happened to be Catholic, Catholic religious themes are at the root of much of his writing, especially Brighton Rock, The Power and the Glory, The Heart of the Matter, and The End of the Affair,[8] which have been named "the gold standard" of the Catholic novel.[27] Several works, such as The Confidential Agent, The Quiet American, Our Man in Havana, The Human Factor, and his screenplay for The Third Man, also show Greene's avid interest in the workings and intrigues of international politics and espionage.
He supplemented his novelist's income with freelance journalism, book and film reviews for The Spectator, and co-editing the magazine Night and Day. Greene's 1937 film review[28] of Wee Willie Winkie, for Night and Day—which said that the nine-year-old star, Shirley Temple, displayed "a dubious coquetry" which appealed to "middle-aged men and clergymen"—provoked Twentieth Century Fox successfully to sue for £3,500 plus costs,[29][30] and Greene left the UK to live in Mexico until after the trial was over.[31][32] While in Mexico, Greene developed the ideas for the novel often considered his masterpiece, The Power and the Glory.[31]
By the 1950s, Greene had become known as one of the finest writers of his generation.[33][34]
As his career lengthened, both Greene and his readers found the distinction between his 'entertainments' and novels increasingly problematic. The last book Greene termed an entertainment was Our Man in Havana in 1958.
Greene also wrote short stories and plays, which were well received, although he was always first and foremost a novelist. His first play, The Living Room, debuted in 1953.[35]
Michael Korda, a lifelong friend and later his editor at Simon & Schuster, observed Greene at work: Greene wrote in a small black leather notebook with a black fountain pen and would write approximately 500 words. Korda described this as Graham's daily penance—once he finished he put the notebook away for the rest of the day.[36][37]
His writing influences included Henry James, Robert Louis Stevenson, H. Rider Haggard, Joseph Conrad, Ford Madox Ford, Marcel Proust, Charles Péguy and John Buchan.[38][39][40]
Travel and espionage
[edit]Throughout his life, Greene travelled to what he called the world's wild and remote places. In 1941, the travels led to his being recruited into MI6 by his sister, Elisabeth, who worked for the agency. Accordingly, he was posted to Sierra Leone during the Second World War.[41] Kim Philby, who would later be revealed as a Soviet agent, was Greene's supervisor and friend at MI6.[42][43] Greene resigned from MI6 in 1944.[44] Greene later wrote an introduction to Philby's 1968 memoir, My Silent War.[45] Part of Greene's reputation as a novelist is for weaving the characters he met and the places where he lived into the fabric of his novels.[46][47]
Greene first left Europe at 30 years of age in 1935 on a trip to Liberia that produced the travel book Journey Without Maps.[48] His 1938 trip to Mexico to see the effects of the government's campaign of forced anti-Catholic secularisation was paid for by the publishing company Longman, thanks to his friendship with Tom Burns.[49] That voyage produced two books, the nonfiction The Lawless Roads (published as Another Mexico in the US) and the novel The Power and the Glory. In 1953, the Holy Office informed Greene that The Power and the Glory was damaging to the reputation of the priesthood; but later, in a private audience with Greene, Pope Paul VI told him that, although parts of his novels would offend some Catholics, he should ignore the criticism.[50]
Greene travelled to Haiti in 1954,[51] where The Comedians (1966) is set,[52] which was then under the rule of dictator François Duvalier, known as "Papa Doc", frequently staying at the Hotel Oloffson in Port-au-Prince.[53] He visited Haiti again in the late 1950s. As inspiration for his novel A Burnt-Out Case (1960), Greene spent time travelling around Africa visiting a number of leper colonies in the Congo Basin and in what were then the British Cameroons.[54] During this trip in late February and early March 1959, Greene met several times with Andrée de Jongh, a leader in the Belgian resistance during WWII, who famously established an escape route to Gibraltar through the Pyrenees for downed allied airmen.[55]
In 1957, just months after Fidel Castro began his final revolutionary assault on the Batista regime in Cuba, Greene played a small role in helping the revolutionaries, as a secret courier transporting warm clothing for Castro's rebels hiding in the hills during the Cuban winter.[56] Greene was said[by whom?] to have a fascination with strong leaders, which may have accounted for his interest in Castro, whom he later met. After one visit Castro gave Greene a painting he had done, which hung in the living room of the French house where the author spent the last years of his life.[56] Greene did later voice doubts about Castro, telling a French interviewer in 1983, "I admire him for his courage and his efficiency, but I question his authoritarianism," adding: "All successful revolutions, however idealistic, probably betray themselves in time."[56]
Publishing career
[edit]Between 1944 and 1948, Greene was director at Eyre & Spottiswoode under chairman Douglas Jerrold, in charge of developing its fiction list.[57] Greene created The Century Library series, which was discontinued after he left following a conflict with Jerrold regarding Anthony Powell's contract. In 1958, Greene was offered the position of chairman by Oliver Crosthwaite-Eyre, but declined.[58]
He was a director at The Bodley Head from 1957 to 1968 under Max Reinhardt.[59]
Personal life
[edit]Greene was an agnostic, but was baptised into the Catholic faith in 1926 after meeting his future wife Vivien Dayrell-Browning.[6] They were married on 15 October 1927 at St Mary's Church, Hampstead, north London.[12] The Greenes had two children, Lucy Caroline (born 1933) and Francis (born 1936).[12]
In his discussions with Father Trollope, the priest to whom he went for instruction in Catholicism, Greene argued with the cleric "on the ground of dogmatic atheism", as Greene's primary difficulty with religion was what he termed the "if" surrounding God's existence. He found, however, that "after a few weeks of serious argument the 'if' was becoming less and less improbable",[60] and Greene converted and was baptised after vigorous arguments initially with the priest in which he defended atheism, or at least the "if" of agnosticism.[61] Late in life, Greene called himself a "Catholic agnostic".[7]
Beginning in 1946, Greene had an affair with Catherine Walston, the wife of Harry Walston, a wealthy farmer and future life peer.[62]That relationship is generally thought to have informed the writing of The End of the Affair, published in 1951, when the relationship came to an end.[63][64] Greene left his family in 1947,[65] but Vivien refused to grant him a divorce, in accordance with Catholic teaching,[66] and they remained married until Greene's death in 1991.
Greene lived with manic depression (bipolar disorder).[67][68] He had a history of depression, which had a profound effect on his writing and personal life.[69] In a letter to his wife, Vivien, he told her that he had "a character profoundly antagonistic to ordinary domestic life," and that "unfortunately, the disease is also one's material".[70]
Final years
[edit]Greene left Britain in 1966, moving to Antibes,[71] to be close to Yvonne Cloetta, whom he had known since 1959, a relationship that endured until his death.[22][12] In 1973, he had an uncredited cameo appearance as an insurance company representative in François Truffaut's film Day for Night.[72] In 1981, Greene was awarded the Jerusalem Prize, awarded to writers concerned with the freedom of the individual in society.[73]
He lived the last years of his life in Vevey, on Lake Geneva in Switzerland, the same town Charlie Chaplin was living in at this time. He visited Chaplin often, and the two were good friends.[9] His book Doctor Fischer of Geneva or the Bomb Party (1980) is based on themes of combined philosophical and geographical influences. He ceased going to mass and confession in the 1950s, but in his final years began to receive the sacraments again from Father Leopoldo Durán, a Spanish priest, who became a friend.[74]
In one of his final works, a pamphlet titled J'Accuse: The Dark Side of Nice (1982), Greene wrote of a legal matter that embroiled him and his extended family in Nice, and declared that organised crime flourished in Nice because the city's upper levels of civic government protected judicial and police corruption. The accusation provoked a libel lawsuit that Greene lost,[75] but he was ultimately vindicated in the 1990s when the former mayor of Nice, Jacques Médecin, was imprisoned for corruption and associated crimes.[76][77][78]
In 1984, in celebration of his 80th birthday, the brewery which Greene's great-grandfather founded in 1799 made a special edition of its St. Edmund's Ale for him, with a special label in his honour.[79] Commenting on turning 80, Greene said, "The big advantage ... is that at 80 you are more likely these days to beat out encountering your end in a nuclear war," adding, "the other side of the problem is that I really don't want to survive myself [which] has nothing to do with nukes, but with the body hanging around while the mind departs."[79]
In 1986, Greene was awarded Britain's Order of Merit. He died of leukaemia in 1991 at the age of 86,[8] and was buried in Corseauxcemetery.[9]
Writing style and themes
[edit]Greene originally divided his fiction into two genres: thrillers (mystery and suspense books), such as The Ministry of Fear, which he described as entertainments, often with notable philosophic edges; and literary works, such as The Power and the Glory, which he described as novels, on which he thought his literary reputation was to be based.[80]
As his career lengthened, both Greene and his readers found the distinction between "entertainments" and "novels" to be less evident. The last book Greene termed an entertainment was Our Man in Havanain 1958. When Travels with My Aunt was published eleven years later, many reviewers noted that Greene had designated it a novel, even though, as a work decidedly comic in tone, it appeared closer to his last two entertainments, Loser Takes All and Our Man in Havana, than to any of the novels. Greene, they speculated, seemed to have dropped the category of entertainment. This was soon confirmed. In the Collected Edition of Greene's works published in 22 volumes between 1970 and 1982, the distinction between novels and entertainments is no longer maintained. All are novels.
Greene was one of the more "cinematic" of twentieth-century writers; most of his novels and many of his plays and short stories have been adapted for film or television.[12][72] The Internet Movie Database lists 66 titles between 1934 and 2010 based on Greene material. Some novels were filmed more than once, such as Brighton Rock in 1947 and 2011, The End of the Affair in 1955 and 1999, and The Quiet American in 1958 and 2002. The 1936 thriller A Gun for Sale was filmed at least five times under different titles, notably This Gun for Hire in 1942. Greene received an Academy Award nomination for the screenplay for Carol Reed's The Fallen Idol (1948),[81] adapted from his own short story The Basement Room.[82] He also wrote several original screenplays.[13] In 1949, after writing the novella as "raw material", he wrote the screenplay for a classic film noir, The Third Man, also directed by Reed and featuring Orson Welles.[12][22] In 1983, The Honorary Consul, published ten years earlier, was released as a film under its original title, starring Michael Caine and Richard Gere. Author and screenwriter Michael Korda contributed a foreword and introduction to this novel in a commemorative edition.
In 2009, The Strand Magazine began to publish in serial form a newly discovered Greene novel titled The Empty Chair. The manuscript was written in longhand when Greene was 22 and newly converted to Catholicism.
Greene's literary style was described by Evelyn Waugh in Commonweal as "not a specifically literary style at all. The words are functional, devoid of sensuous attraction, of ancestry, and of independent life". Commenting on the lean prose and its readability, Richard Jones wrote in the Virginia Quarterly Review that "nothing deflects Greene from the main business of holding the reader's attention".[83] Greene's novels often have religious themes at their centre. In his literary criticism he attacked the modernist writers Virginia Woolf and E. M. Forster for having lost the religious sense which, he argued, resulted in dull, superficial characters, who "wandered about like cardboard symbols through a world that is paper-thin".[84] Only in recovering the religious element, the awareness of the drama of the struggle in the soul that carries the permanent consequence of salvation or damnation, and of the ultimate metaphysical realities of good and evil, sin and divine grace, could the novel recover its dramatic power. Suffering and unhappiness are omnipresent in the world Greene depicts; and Catholicism is presented against a background of unvarying human evil, sin, and doubt. V. S. Pritchett praised Greene as the first English novelist since Henry James to present, and grapple with, the reality of evil.[85] Greene concentrated on portraying the characters' internal lives—their mental, emotional, and spiritual depths. His stories are often set in poor, hot and dusty tropical places such as Mexico, West Africa, Vietnam, Cuba, Haiti, and Argentina, which led to the coining of the expression "Greeneland" to describe such settings.[86]
The Nation, describing the many facets of Graham Greene[87]
The novels often portray the dramatic struggles of the individual soul from a Catholic perspective. Greene was criticised for certain tendencies in an unorthodox direction—in the world, sin is omnipresent to the degree that the vigilant struggle to avoid sinful conduct is doomed to failure, hence not central to holiness. His friend and fellow Catholic Evelyn Waugh attacked that as a revival of the Quietist heresy. This aspect of his work also was criticised by the theologian Hans Urs von Balthasar, as giving sin a mystique. Greene responded that constructing a vision of pure faith and goodness in the novel was beyond his talents. Praise of Greene from an orthodox Catholic point of view by Edward Short is in Crisis Magazine,[85] and a mainstream Catholic critique is presented by Joseph Pearce.[60]
Catholicism's prominence decreased in his later writings. The supernatural realities that haunted the earlier work declined and were replaced by a humanistic perspective, a change reflected in his public criticism of orthodox Catholic teaching.
In his later years, Greene was a strong critic of American imperialism and sympathised with the Cuban leader Fidel Castro, whom he had met.[88] Years before the Vietnam War, he prophetically attacked the idealistic but arrogant beliefs of The Quiet American, whose certainty in his own virtue kept him from seeing the disaster he inflicted on the Vietnamese.[89] In Ways of Escape, reflecting on his Mexican trip, he complained that Mexico's government was insufficiently left-wing compared with Cuba's.[90] In Greene's opinion, "Conservatism and Catholicism should be ... impossible bedfellows".[90]
In April 1949, when the New Statesman held a contest for parodies of Greene's writing style, he submitted three entries under the names "M. Wilkinson", “N. Wilkinson" and "D.R. Cook". As "M. Wilkinson", he shared the prize (one guinea) with four other authors. He later wrote to the magazine revealing his identity and expressing regret that his other two entries had not won, "because prize money in these days is free of Income Tax." Greene's entry comprised the first two paragraphs of a novel, apparently set in Italy, The Stranger's Hand: An Entertainment. Greene's friend Mario Soldati, a Piedmontese novelist and film director, believed it had the makings of a suspense film about Yugoslav spies in postwar Venice. Upon Soldati's prompting, Greene continued writing the story as the basis for a film script. Apparently he lost interest in the project, leaving it as a substantial fragment that was published posthumously in The Graham Greene Film Reader (1993) and No Man's Land (2005).[citation needed] A script for The Stranger's Handwas written by Guy Elmes on the basis of Greene's unfinished story, and filmed by Soldati in 1954.[91] In 1965, Greene again entered a similar New Statesman competition pseudonymously, and won an honourable mention.
Legacy
[edit]Greene is regarded as a major 20th-century novelist,[1][2] and was praised by John Irving, prior to Greene's death, as "the most accomplished living novelist in the English language".[92] Novelist Frederick Buechner called Greene's novel The Power and the Glory a "tremendous influence".[93] By 1943, Greene had acquired the reputation of being the "leading English male novelist of his generation",[94] and at the time of his death in 1991 had a reputation as a writer of both deeply serious novels on the theme of Catholicism,[95] and of "suspense-filled stories of detection".[96]
Acclaimed during his lifetime, Greene was shortlisted for the Nobel Prize in Literature several times.[5] In 1961[3] and 1966[4] he was among the final three candidates for the prize. In 1967, Greene was again among the final three choices, according to Nobel records unsealed on the 50th anniversary in 2017. The committee also considered Jorge Luis Borges and Miguel Ángel Asturias, with the latter the chosen winner.[97][98][99] Greene remained a favourite to win the Nobel prize in the 1980s, but it was known that two influential members of the Swedish Academy, Artur Lundkvist and Lars Gyllensten, opposed the prize for Greene and he was never awarded.[100]
Greene collected several literary awards for his novels, including the 1941 Hawthornden Prize for The Power and the Glory[101][13] and the 1948 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for The Heart of the Matter.[102][103] As an author, he received the 1968 Shakespeare Prize[104] and the 1981 Jerusalem Prize, a biennial literary award given to writers whose works have dealt with themes of human freedom in society.[73] In 1986, he was awarded Britain's Order of Merit.[13]
The Graham Greene International Festival is an annual four-day event of conference papers, informal talks, question and answer sessions, films, dramatised readings, music, creative writing workshops and social events. It is organised by the Graham Greene Birthplace Trust, and takes place in the writer's home town of Berkhamsted (about 35 miles northwest of London), on dates as close as possible to the anniversary of his birth (2 October). Its purpose is to promote interest in and study of the works of Graham Greene.[105][106]
He is the subject of the 2013 documentary film, Dangerous Edge: A Life of Graham Greene.[107]
His short story "The Destructors" was featured in the 2001 film Donnie Darko.[108]
Select works
[edit]- The Man Within (debut —1929)
- Stamboul Train (1932) (also published as Orient Express in the US)
- It's a Battlefield (1934)
- England Made Me (also published as The Shipwrecked) (1935)
- A Gun for Sale (1936)
- Journey Without Maps (1936)
- Brighton Rock (1938)
- The Lawless Roads (1939) (also published as Another Mexico in the US)
- The Confidential Agent (1939)
- The Power and the Glory (1940)
- The Ministry of Fear (1943)
- The Heart of the Matter (1948)
- The Third Man (1949) (novella written as a preliminary to Greene's screenplay for the film The Third Man)
- The End of the Affair (1951)
- Twenty-One Stories (1954) (short stories)
- Loser Takes All (1955)
- The Quiet American (1955)
- The Potting Shed (1956)
- Our Man in Havana (1958)
- A Burnt-Out Case (1960)
- In Search of a Character: Two African Journals (1961)
- The Comedians (1966)
- Travels with My Aunt (1969)
- A Sort of Life (1971)
- The Honorary Consul (1973)
- The Human Factor (1978)
- Ways of Escape (1980)
- Doctor Fischer of Geneva (1980)
- Monsignor Quixote (1982)
- Getting to Know the General: The Story of an Involvement (1984)
- The Tenth Man (1985)
- The Last Word (1990) (short stories)
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ ab Diemert, Brian (27 August 1996). Graham Greene's Thrillers and the 1930s. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780773566170.
- ^ ab Diemert, Brian (27 August 1996). Graham Greene's Thrillers and the 1930s. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 183. ISBN 9780773566170.
- ^ ab Neuman, Ricki (3 January 2012). "Graham Greene var nära Nobelpris 1961". Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish).
- ^ ab "Nomination archive: Graham Greene".
- ^ ab Steensma, Robert C. (1997). Encyclopedia of the Essay. Taylor & Francis. p. 264. ISBN 9781884964305.
- ^ ab Donaghy, Henry J. (1983). Graham Greene, an Introduction to His Writings. Rodopi. p. 13. ISBN 9062035353.
- ^ ab Sweeney, Jon (2008). Almost Catholic: An Appreciation of the History, Practice, and Mystery of Ancient Faith. United States: Jossey-Bass. p. 23. ISBN 978-0787994709.
- ^ ab c Graham Greene, The Major Novels: A CentenaryArchived 27 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine by Kevin McGowin, Eclectica Magazine
- ^ ab c "Graham Greene finds no Swiss cuckoo clocks". Swissinfo.ch. 19 May 2006. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ Stade, George, ed. (12 May 2010). Encyclopedia of British Writers, 1800 to the Present. Vol. 1. Infobase. p. 218. ISBN 9781438116891. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ Cook, John (2009). A Glimpse of our History: a short guided tour of Berkhamsted (PDF). Berkhamsted Town Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2011.
- ^ ab c d e f g h i j k l Michael Shelden, 'Greene, (Henry) Graham (1904–1991)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2008 accessed 15 May 2011
- ^ ab c d e "Obituaries: Graham Greene". The Times. No. 63983. 4 April 1991. p. 16.
- ^ Iyer 2012, p. 8.
- ^ Sherry 1990, pp. 3–4.
- ^ Lewis, Jeremy (2010). Shades of Greene: One Generation of an English Family. London: Jonathan Cape. pp. 216–233, 496–497. ISBN 978-0224079211.
- ^ Greene 1971, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Iyer 2012, p. 9.
- ^ Sherry 1990, p. 110.
- ^ ab c "Graham Greene Biography". notablebiographies.com. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
- ^ "Graham Greene". Biogs.com. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ ab c "Obituary: Graham Greene". The Daily Telegraph. No. 42231. 4 April 1991. p. 21.
- ^ Sherry 1990, p. 179.
- ^ Greene 1971, pp. 164–165.
- ^ Sherry 1990, p. 442.
- ^ ""Orient Express." AFI Catalog". Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- ^ Bosco, Mark (21 January 2005). Graham Greene's Catholic Imagination. Oxford University Press. p. 3. ISBN 9780198039358.
- ^ "Graham Greene's infamous review of Wee Willie Winkie (1937), starring Shirley Temple". The Charnel-House. 26 February 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
- ^ Atkinson, Michael (21 August 2009). "Our Man in London". movingimagesource.us.
- ^ Chancellor, Alexander (22 February 2014). "Was Graham Greene right about Shirley Temple?". The Spectator.
- ^ ab Johnson, Andrew (18 November 2007). "Shirley Temple scandal was real reason Graham Greene fled to Mexico". The Independent.
- ^ Vickers, Graham (1 August 2008). Chasing Lolita: How Popular Culture Corrupted Nabokov's Little Girl All Over Again. Chicago Review Press. p. 64. ISBN 9781556526824.
- ^ Barrett, D. (2009). "Graham Greene". In Poole, A. (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to English Novelists. Cambridge Companions to Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 423–437. doi:10.1017/CCOL9780521871198.027. ISBN 9780521871198.
- ^ 13 Must-Read Graham Greene Books earlybirdbooks.com, accessed 31 October 2020
- ^ Billington, Michael (13 March 2013). "The Living Room—review". The Guardian. London.
- ^ Korda, Michael (1999). Another Life: A Memoir of Other People. United States: Random House. pp. 312–325. ISBN 0-679-45659-7.
- ^ Korda, Michael (11 July 1999). "Another Life: A Memoir of Other People Interview". www.booknotes.org. C-Span. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
- ^ Miller, R. H. (1990). Understanding Graham Greene. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 0-87249-704-6.
- ^ Pendleton, Robert (1996). Graham Greene's Conradian Masterplot. Suffolk: MacMillan Press. ISBN 0-333-62888-8.
- ^ Diemert, Brian (1996). Graham Greene's Thrillers and the 1930s. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 0-7735-1432-5.
- ^ Christopher Hawtree. "A Muse on the tides of history: Elisabeth Dennys". The Guardian, 10 February 1999. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- ^ Robert Royal (November 1999). "The (Mis)Guided Dream of Graham Greene". First Things. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ "BBC—BBC Four Documentaries—Arena: Graham Greene". BBC News. 3 October 2004. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ Brennan, Michael G. (18 March 2010). Graham Greene: Fictions, Faith and Authorship. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4411-3742-5.
- ^ Greene's introduction to the Philby book is mentioned in Christopher Hitchens' introduction to Our Man in Havana (pg xx of the Penguin Classics edition)
- ^ "Graham Greene, 86, Dies; Novelist of the Soul". The New York Times. 4 April 1991. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
- ^ Sunil Iyengar (13 January 2021). "Our Man in the Stacks". Los Angeles Review of Books. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ Butcher, Tim (2010). "Graham Greene: Our Man in Liberia". History Today Volume: 60 Issue: 10. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
insisted this trip, his first to Africa and his first outside Europe
- ^ Graham Greene, Uneasy Catholic Times Literary Supplement, 22 August 2006.
- ^ "EUROPE | Vatican's bid to censure Graham Greene". BBC News. 3 November 2000. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ Paul Theroux (1 January 2004). Introduction to The Comedians. Random House. p. v. ISBN 9780099478379.
- ^ Diederich, Bernard (2012). Seeds of Fiction: Graham Greene's Adventures in Haiti and Central America 1954–1983. Peter Owen.
- ^ Duncan Campbell (17 December 2005). "Drinking, dancing and death". The Guardian.
- ^ Greene, Graham (1961). A Burnt-Out Case. New York (Amer. ed.): The Viking Press. p. vii–viii.
- ^ Neave, Airey (1970). The Escape Room. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. pp. 126–127.
- ^ ab c Miller, Tom (14 April 1991). "Sex, Spies and Literature; Graham Greene's Cuba: Helping Fidel Was the Heart of the Matter". Washington Post.
- ^ Greene, Richard (2011). Graham Greene: A Life in Letters.
- ^ Sherry 1994, pp. 189–90, 200–204.
- ^ Hill, Mike (2015). The Works of Graham Greene, Volume 2: A Guide to the Graham Greene Archives. p. 33.
- ^ ab Joseph Pearce. "Graham Greene: Doubter Par Excellence", CatholicAuthors.com. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
- ^ The Power and the Glory New York: Viking, 1990. Introduction by John Updike, p. xiv.
- ^ McCrum, Robert (16 January 2000). "Scrabble and strife: Graham Greene's love affair with the mysterious 'C' was hardly a secret—the real truth lies in the private letters they left behind". The Guardian.
- ^ Schwartz, Adam (1 February 2005). The Third Spring: G.K. Chesterton, Graham Greene, Christopher Dawson, and David Jones. CUA Press. pp. 181–182. ISBN 9780813213873.
- ^ Hastings, Chris (29 November 2008). "Graham Greene's love poems to mistress who inspired The End of the Affair". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.
- ^ Sherry 1994, pp. 275–276.
- ^ Sherry 1994, pp. 283–287.
- ^ Sherry 2004, p. 252.
- ^ Thorpe, Vanessa (9 August 1998). "Graham Greene Bipolar". The Independent.
- ^ "Extract from Graham Greene: A Life in Letters edited by Richard Greene". The Times. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011.
- ^ "Graham Greene: A Life In Letters – Book Reviews – Books – Entertainment". Sydney Morning Herald. 30 November 2007. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ Jordison, Sam (15 June 2012). "Reading group: Travels with My Aunt and the many shades of Greene". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
- ^ ab Caterson, John. "Greene, Graham (1904-1991)". Screenonline. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ ab "The Jerusalem Prize | Previous Winners". jbookforum.com. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- ^ Sherry 2004, pp. 691, 695.
- ^ Eder, Richard (5 February 1982). "On the Riviera, A Morality Tale by Graham Greene". archive.nytimes.com.
- ^ Randall, Colin (4 April 1991). "Homage paid to Graham Greene". The Daily Telegraph. No. 42231. p. 1.
- ^ Whitney, Craig R. (19 November 1998). "Jacques Medecin, 70, Dies; French Mayor". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 August2024.
- ^ Sherry 2004, pp. 654–655.
- ^ ab Vinocur, John (3 March 1985). "The Soul-Searching Continues for Graham Greene: The celebrated writer; whose new book is a long-forgotten novella [The Tenth Man], still dwells on doubt and failure". New York Times Magazine. New York.
- ^ "Greene, Graham | Authors | guardian.co.uk Books". London: Books.guardian.co.uk. 22 July 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ "The 22nd Academy Awards | 1950". www.oscars.org. 3 October 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ Angelini, Sergio. "Fallen Idol, The (1948)". Screenonline. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ "The Improbable Spy". Vqronline.org. Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ "First Things". Angelfire.com. 9 October 2004. Archived from the original on 11 November 2009. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ ab The Catholic Novels of Graham Greene, Crisis Magazine, May 2005.
- ^ "Regions of the Mind: The Exoticism of Greeneland". Dur.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 18 April 2009. Retrieved 2 June2010.
- ^ Not Easy Being Greene: Graham Greene's Letters by Michelle Orange, The Nation, 15 April 2009
- ^ Liukkonen, Petri. "Graham Greene". Books and Writers. Finland: Kuusankoski Public Library. Archived from the originalon 27 July 2005.
- ^ For Greene's views on politics, see also Burgess, Anthony(1967). "Politics in the Novels of Graham Greene". Journal of Contemporary History. 2 (2): 93–99. doi:10.1177/002200946700200208. S2CID 153416421.
- ^ ab P.xii of John Updike's introduction to The Power and the GloryNew York: Viking, 1990.
- ^ Sexton, James, ed. (2005). Graham Greene: No Man's Land. London: Hesperus. pp. xxiii–xxiv. ISBN 1-84391-414-X.
- ^ Irving, John. The Imaginary Girlfriend. New York, Ballantine Books, 2002, p. 31.
- ^ Dale, Brown, W. (1997). Of fiction and faith : twelve American writers talk about their vision and work. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans Pub. ISBN 0802843131. OCLC 36994237.
- ^ Diemert, Brian (1996). Graham Greene's Thrillers and the 1930s. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 179. ISBN 9780773514331.
- ^ Thomson, Ian (3 October 2004). "More Sherry trifles". The Observer.
- ^ Kohn, Lynette (1961). Graham Greene: The Major Novels. Stanford University Press. p. 23.
- ^ Schueler, Kaj (January 2018). "Hemliga dokument visar kampen om Nobelpriset". Svenska Dagbladet. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
- ^ Carter, David (28 March 2013). How to Win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Hesperus Press. p. 22. ISBN 9781780940403.
- ^ Feldman, Burton (3 October 2001). The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige. Arcade Publishing. p. 96. ISBN 9781559705370.
- ^ Markham, James M. (7 October 1983). "Briton Wins the Nobel Literature Prize". The New York Times.
- ^ "Previous winners of the Hawthornden Prize". hawthornden.org. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ "The James Tait Black Prizes | Fiction Winners". ed.ac.uk. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
- ^ "Book Prizes Awarded". The Times. No. 51288. 25 January 1949. p. 2.
- ^ Sherry 2004, p. 483.
- ^ "Home". Graham Greene. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
- ^ The Potting Shed
- ^ Jones, Kimberley (30 April 2013). "DVD Watch: 'Dangerous Edge: A Life of Graham Greene'". Austin Chronicle. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
- ^ French, Philip (27 October 2002). "Into the heart of Darko". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
Works cited
[edit]- Diemert, Brian (1996). Graham Greene's Thrillers and the 1930s. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 0773514333.
- Greene, Graham (1971). A Sort of Life. New York: Simon & Schuster.
- Iyer, Pico (2012). The Man within My Head: Graham Greene, My Father and Me. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 9781408829028.
- Sherry, Norman (1990). The Life of Graham Greene, Volume One: 1904-1939. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-013123-X.
- Sherry, Norman (1994). The Life of Graham Greene, Volume Two: 1939-1955. New York: Viking. ISBN 0-670-86056-5.
- Sherry, Norman (2004). The Life of Graham Greene, Volume Three: 1955-1991. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 0-2240-5974-2.
Further reading
[edit]- Graham Greene Studies (journal), University of North Georgia - Digital Commons, bepress, Elsevier
- Allain, Marie-Françoise, 1983. The Other Man: Conversations with Graham Greene. Bodley Head.
- Bergonzi, Bernard, 2006. A Study in Greene: Graham Greene and the Art of the Novel. Oxford University Press.
- Cloetta, Yvonne, 2004. In Search of a Beginning: My Life with Graham Greene, translated by Euan Cameron. Bloomsbury.
- Fallowell, Duncan, 20th Century Characters, Loaded: Graham Greene at home in Antibes (London, Vintage Books, 1994)
- Greene, Richard, editor, 2007. Graham Greene: A Life in Letters. Knopf Canada.
- Hazzard, Shirley, 2000. Greene on Capri. Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
- Henríquez Jiménez, Santiago J. La realidad y la construcción de la ficción en la novelística de Graham Greene, La Laguna: Universidad, 1992.
- Henríquez Jiménez, Santiago J. "Graham Greene's novels seen in the Light of His Religious Discourse" en Wm. Thomas Hill (ed.). Perceptions of Religious Faith in the Work of Graham Greene. Oxford, New York...: Peter Lang. 2002. 657–685.
- Henríquez Jiménez, Santiago J. "Don Quijote de la Mancha y Monsignor Quixote: la inspiración castellana de Grahan Greene en el clásico español de Cervantes" en José Manuel Barrio Marco y María José Crespo Allué (eds.). La huella de Cervantes y del Quijote en la cultura anglosajona. Centro Buendía y Universidad de Valladolid. Valladolid. 2007. 311–318.
- Henríquez Jiménez, Santiago J. "Miguel de Unamuno y Graham Greene: coincidencias en torno a los cuidados de la fe" en Teresa Gibert Maceda y Laura Alba Juez (coord..). Estudios de Filología Inglesa. Homenaje a la Dra. Asunción Alba Pelayo. Madrid: UNED. 2008. 421–430.
- Hull, Christopher. Our Man Down in Havana: The Story Behind Graham Greene's Cold War Spy Novel (Pegasus Books, 2019) online review
- Phillips, Gene D., 1974. Graham Greene: Films of His Fiction, Teachers' College Press.
- O'Prey, Paul, 1988. A Reader's Guide to Graham Greene. Thames and Hudson.
- Shelden, Michael, 1994. Graham Greene: The Enemy Within. William Heinemann. Random House ed., 1995, ISBN 0-679-42883-6
- Simon Raven & Martin Shuttleworth "Graham Greene Interviewed, The Art of Fiction No. 3". The Paris Review. Autumn 1953 (3). Autumn 1953.
- West, William John (1998). The quest for Graham Greene (1st US ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-18161-1.
- Bernhard Valentinitsch,Graham Greenes Roman 'The Human Factor'(1978) und Otto Premingers gleichnamige Verfilmung (1979). In:JIPSS (= Journal for Intelligence,Propaganda and Security),Nr.14.Graz 2021,p. 34-56.
External links
[edit]- Graham Greene at IMDb
- Graham Greene at Curlie
- Works by or about Graham Greene at the Internet Archive
- Works by Graham Greene at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- Graham Greene Papers at the Harry Ransom Center
- Graham Greene Papers Archived 5 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine at John J. Burns Library, Boston College
- Graham Greene Collection at Emory University
- Graham Greene Letters at Columbia University
- Bryan Forbes Collection of Graham Greene Archived 20 September 2022 at the Wayback Machine at the British Library
- The Cherry Record Collection of Josephine Reid's Papers and Books Relating to Graham Greene at Balliol College Archives & Manuscripts
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