Wind in the air of what is the grade to school in love is reality as man,
inch that to the greed off a realm and the end is just as the seed said to stand,
lost in that is the grief,
a chase to an entry of only the exit's of land.
So found in an oxide of cell I say that the planet is ever so strong,
to stiff the dirt as an elephant tusk,
the growth of only an oyster,
the pearl of the see.
Stretch to that wind and the lakes rise,
a sword of entry to grief is not lost upon the Space of galaxy,
rather in the Sun of just a sapien I chance nothing but the land is so sweets,
sing 'til the verse stands a lake to know of an oceans song,
just as those words grief look,
it is the lake of more than a sword of song!!
For in the forest as in the grove,
plains make more to that as the giraffe greats such color of the sunset to singing,
voice in a verbal off vibration the words will explain,
in gentle speak.
Towards a for Thure count not the daze as it is only a week as a creek in a rumble dry,
the desert may see as only a lagoon of passing too,
yet as the great cosmic tremble it is the earth.
When a venture finds a sake than the love is in such that a measure bounds,
stride towards no main as the journey is in your land,
under that stretch it is the breeze of knowing the Plains of learn,
these are the streams of mankind on the human being of Sern.
Notes:
In technology operations[edit]
Services that alternate between high and low utilization in a daily cycle are described as being diurnal. Many web sites have the most users during the day and little utilization at night, or vice versa. Operations planners can use this cycle to plan, for example, maintenance that needs to be done when there are fewer users on the web site.[7] read more at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diurnality
Continental divide
A continental divide is a drainage divide on a continent such that the drainage basin on one side of the divide feeds into one ocean or sea, and the basin on the other side either feeds into a different ocean or sea, or else is endorheic, not connected to the open sea.
The endpoints where a continental divide meets the coast are not always definite, because the exact border between adjacent bodies of water is usually not clearly defined. The International Hydrographic Organization's publication Limits of Oceans and Seas defines exact boundaries of oceans, but it is not universally recognized. Where a continental divide meets an endorheic basin, such as the Great Divide Basin of Wyoming, the continental divide splits and encircles the basin.
Examples
- In Africa, the most significant continental divide is the Congo-Nile Divide between the watersheds of the Nile and the Congo, passing through the area of the African Great Lakes. Between the Congo and the Sahara, a vast area drains into the endorheic Lake Chad, so puncturing the Atlantic–Mediterraneandivide. The Mediterranean–Indian Ocean divide is punctured in East Africa by the endorheic lake systems of the East African Rift; in the south of the continent the divide between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans snakes between the watersheds of the Congo, Zambezi, Limpopo, and Orange Rivers, with the Okavango terminating in the Kalahari Desert. Read more at https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Continental_divide
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_Army_Corps
The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) was a First World War army corps of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. It was formed in Egypt in December 1914, and operated during the Battle of Gallipoli.
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
| Australian and New Zealand Army Corps | |
|---|---|
New Zealand soldier's encampment at ANZAC Cove in 1915
| |
| Active | 1914–16 |
| Countries | |
| Branch | Army |
| Type | Administrative Corps |
| Part of | Mediterranean Expeditionary Force |
| Nickname(s) | ANZAC |
| Anniversaries | Anzac Day |
| Engagements | First World War |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | William Birdwood |
The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) was a First World War army corps of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. It was formed in Egypt in December 1914, and operated during the Battle of Gallipoli. General William Birdwoodcommanded the corps, which comprised troops from the First Australian Imperial Force and 1st New Zealand Expeditionary Force. The corps disbanded in 1916, following the Allied evacuation of the Gallipoli peninsula and the formation of I ANZAC Corps and II ANZAC Corps. The Corps was reestablished, briefly, in the Second World War during the Battle of Greece in 1941.
Contents
[hide]Original formation[edit]
.jpg)
Plans for the formation began in November 1914 while the first contingent of Australian and New Zealand troops were still in convoy bound for, as they thought, Europe. However, following the experiences of the Canadian Expeditionary Force encamped on Salisbury Plain, it was decided not to subject the Australians and New Zealanders to the English winter and so they were diverted to Egypt for training before moving on to the Western Front in France.[1] The British Secretary of State for War, Horatio Kitchener, appointed General William Birdwood, an officer of the British Indian Army, to the command of the corps and he furnished most of the corps staff from the Indian Army as well. Birdwood arrived in Cairo on 21 December 1914 to assume command of the corps.
It was originally intended to name the corps the Australasian Army Corps, this title being used in the unit diary, following the common practice of the time, which often saw New Zealanders and Australians compete together as Australasia in sporting events.[2] However, protests from New Zealand led to adoption of the name Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. The administration clerks found the title too cumbersome so quickly adopted the abbreviation A. & N.Z.A.C. or simply ANZAC.[2] Shortly afterwards it was officially adopted as the codename for the corps but it did not enter common usage amongst the troops until after the Gallipoli landings.
At the outset, the corps comprised two divisions; the Australian Division, composed of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Australian Infantry Brigades and the New Zealand and Australian Division, composed of the New Zealand Infantry Brigade, New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade, Australian 1st Light Horse Brigade and 4th Australian Infantry Brigade.[3] The 2nd and 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigades were assigned as corps level troops, belonging to neither division.[3]
Despite being synonymous with Australia and New Zealand, ANZAC was a multi-national body. In addition to the many British officers in the corps and division staffs, the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps contained, at various points, the 7th Brigade of the Indian Mountain Artillery, Ceylon Planters Rifle Corps troops, the Zion Mule Corps, four battalions from the Royal Naval Division, the British 13th (Western) Division, one brigade of the British 10th (Irish) Division and the 29th Indian Brigade.
Later formations[edit]
World War I[edit]
Following the evacuation of Gallipoli in December 1915, the Australian and New Zealand units reassembled in Egypt. The New Zealand contingent expanded to form their own division; the New Zealand Division. The First Australian Imperial Force underwent a major reorganisation resulting in the formation of two new divisions; the 4th and 5th divisions. (The Australian 3rd Division was forming in Australia and would be sent directly to England and then to France.) These divisions were reformed into two corps; I ANZAC Corps and II ANZAC Corps.[4] I ANZAC Corps, under the command of General Birdwood, departed for France in early 1916. II ANZAC Corps, commanded by Lieutenant General Alexander Godley, followed soon after.
In January 1916, the 4th (ANZAC) Battalion, Imperial Camel Corps with Australian and New Zealand troops was formed, the 1st and 3rd battalions were Australian and the 2nd Battalion British.[5] Then in March 1916, the ANZAC Mounted Division with three Australian and one New Zealand brigade, was formed for service in Egypt and Palestine.[4] There was also the 1st (ANZAC) Wireless Signal Squadron, which served with the British expeditionary force in Mesopotamia in 1916–17.[4]
In early 1916 the Australian and, to a lesser extent, New Zealand governments sought the creation of an Australian and New Zealand Army which would have included the New Zealand Division and all of the Australian infantry divisions, but this did not occur.
World War II[edit]
During World War II, the Australian I Corps HQ moved to Greece in April 1941. As the corps also controlled the New Zealand 2nd Division (along with Greek and British formations), it was officially renamed ANZAC Corps in April.[4][6] The Battle of Greece was over in weeks and the corps HQ left Greece on 23–24 April, with the name ANZAC Corps no longer being used.[7]
Some troops evacuated to Alexandria, but the majority were sent to Crete to reinforce its garrison against an expected air and sea German invasion. Australians and New Zealanders were respectively deployed around the cities of Rethymno and Chania in western Crete with a smaller Australian force being positioned in Heraklion. The invasion began the morning of 20 May and, after the fierce Battle of Crete, which lasted ten days, Crete fell to the Germans. Most of the defenders of Chania withdrew across the island to the south coast and were evacuated by the Royal Navy from Sfakia. Many others evaded capture for several months, hiding in the mountains with generous assistance from the local Cretan population.[8]
Other conflicts[edit]
During the Vietnam War, two companies from the Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment were integrated into Royal Australian Regiment battalions. These integrated battalions had the suffix (ANZAC) added to their name (for example, 4 RAR became the 4RAR/NZ (ANZAC) Battalion).[4] An ANZAC battalion served as one of the infantry battalions of the 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF) from early March 1968 until its withdrawal in December 1971. Due to the rotation of forces there were a total of five combined battalions of this period.[9]
The ANZAC Battle Group was the official designation of Australian and New Zealand units deployed to Timor Leste as part of Operation Astute. The battle group was established in September 2006.[10]
Anzac Day - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anzac_Day
Observed on 25 April each year, Anzac Day was originally to honour the members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who fought at Gallipoli against the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
Date: 25 April
Observed by: Australia; New Zealand
Significance: National day of remembrance and ...
Observances: Dawn services, commemorative ...
‘This clear and well-written account of the campaign should do much to rescue the forgotten Anzacs from neglect by subsequent generations.’
JEFFREY GREY, AUSTRALIAN BOOK REVIEW
This is the largely unknown story of another Anzac force, which fought not at Gallipoli, but in Greece, during World War II.
Desperately outnumbered and fighting in deeply inhospitable conditions, these Anzacs found themselves engaging in a long retreat through Greece, under constant air attack.
Most of the Anzac Corps was evacuated by the end of April 1941, but many men got only as far as Crete. Fighting a German paratroop invasion there in May, large numbers were taken captive and spent four long years as prisoners of the Nazis.
The campaign in Greece turned out to have uncanny parallels to the original Gallipoli operation: both were inspired by Winston Churchill, both were badly planned by British military leaders, and both ended in defeat and evacuation. Just as Gallipoli provided military academies the world over with lessons in how not to conduct a complex feat of arms, Churchill’s Greek adventure reinforced fundamental lessons in modern warfare — heavy tanks could not be stopped by men armed with rifles, and Stuka dive-bombers would not be deflected by promises of air support from London that were never honoured.
In this revised edition, based on fresh archival research, and containing a collection of previously unpublished photos, the truth finally emerges as to how the Australian, Greek, and New Zealand Governments were misled over key decisions that would define the campaign.
AUTHOR
Peter Ewer
Peter Ewer completed a first-class honours degree in politics at Macquarie University in 1983, and a doctorate in technology and culture from RMIT University in 2005 that also won a university research prize. Dr Ewer is currently an official in the Victorian Department of Justice, and has published in local and international history journals.
FORGOTTEN ANZACS
the campaign in Greece, 1941
Peter Ewer
Hardback book available at https://scribepublications.com.au/books-authors/books/forgotten-anzacs
No comments:
Post a Comment